磷资源危机值得关注

据国土资源部的相关统计,我国磷储量位居世界第三,仅次于摩洛哥和美国,但实际上,现有27亿t折标磷矿储量仅够维持我国再使用70年左右,其中还包含90％以上非富磷矿。如果仅以富磷矿磷储量计划,则仅能维持我国使用10～15年。磷矿已被列为我国2010年后不能满足国民经济发展需要的20种矿产之一。     

介绍低品位磷矿利用的一种新途径

我国磷矿储量占世界第二位（仅次于摩洛哥），磷矿资源的特点是丰而不富，探明的技术经济上可供利用的基础储量相对较低落，只占24％，大部分磷矿资源目前难以开采和利用。磷富矿储量少。[第一段]     

市场动态

磷肥产能出现过剩虽然我国磷矿资源储量达131亿t,但扣除设计损失量和采矿损失量后的工业储量仅21亿t,其中高品位矿储量只有11亿t。按照我国目前采富弃贫的开采模式,目前我国磷矿的保证开采年限不足20年。矿、电、磷结合是黄磷生产的发展趋势。由于我国磷矿资源保证开采年限不足     

应合理利用磷矿资源

中国磷矿储量约为130亿t,虽然从储量规模上看较为乐观,但高品位的磷矿石仅占磷矿资源的20％左右,贫矿所占比重较大。这种资源结构现状要求在使用磷资源时,要做到物有所值,物尽其用。     

磷矿开采企业发展战略选择研究

我国磷矿资源丰而不富,地区分布不平衡,据分析现有储量仅可供开采36年左右,因此,我国现有大中型磷矿开采企业正面临着事关生死的战略选择。本文从我国磷矿资源分布和供需形势出发,以战略管理理论为依据,深入分析磷矿开采企业的经营特点,提出磷矿开采企业的战略选择路径,从战略管理角度为磷矿开采企业的可持续发展提供支持。     

综合信息

中化地质总局2011年找磷超10亿t2011年,中化地质系统共实施磷矿勘查项目40余项,累计提交333及以上磷矿资源储量10.54亿t,对缓解我国富磷矿资源短缺、促进磷肥及磷化工产业发展、提升立足国内保障国家粮食安全的能力,具有重要意义。     

新时代，以创新思维审议磷矿加工方法

地球已进入以人类为中心的“人类纪元”。为使全球可持续发展,应考虑今后几十代人对磷资源的需求。介绍了世界磷资源现况及国内外最新磷矿储量数据,分析了我国磷肥产品结构;提出高品位、易加工磷资源用于磷化工、磷化学品合成,低品位、难选磷矿用于含磷肥料生产的新思路,并认为生产过磷酸钙、钙镁磷肥比生产磷铵类肥料对磷资源利用更合理。提出了磷肥产业结构调整新战略,以使我国磷资源的可采寿命从目前的100—200年延长至500年。     

我国磷矿资源形势与可持续供应的对策建议

磷矿石是生产磷肥的重要原料 ,作为世界上重要的磷矿生产国和消费国 ,我国磷矿储量虽然总量不少但质量不好 ,高品位富矿仅占 8%左右 ,仅能满足国内至 2 0 15年的需求 ,而且集中在交通不便的西南地区。为实现磷矿资源可持续供应 ,促进我国磷肥工业可持续发展 ,必须采取措施加强磷矿资源保护与合理利用。     

磷肥产能出现过剩

虽然我国磷矿资源储量达131亿t，但扣除设计损失量和采矿损失量后的工业储量仅21亿t，其中高品位矿储量只有11亿t。按照我国目前采富弃贫的开采模式，目前我国磷矿的保证开采年限不足20年。     

国土资源部通过5省磷矿管理5项新举措

磷矿是不可再生资源,关系到农用物资和国计民生的磷化工生产,因此保护磷矿资源、有序开采以及高效利用磷矿资源成为国民经济可持续发展的重要因素。我国磷矿资源分布较为集中,主要在贵州、云南、湖北、湖南和四川5省,其磷矿储量占全国磷矿总储量的78．3％,磷矿产量占全国磷矿总产量的92％。为了加强对磷矿资源的管理,国家国土资源部召开了5省磷矿资源管理联席会议,经讨论并通过了磷矿资源管理5项措施。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。