Frequency shift filter‐based multi‐carrier transceiver

It is well known that orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO) and suffers from a high peak‐to‐average ratio. In addition, the performance of OFDM is severely affected by strong co‐channel interference and strong narrowband interference. To mitigate the limitations of OFDM, we propose a new multi‐carrier transceiver based on frequency‐shift filter. A frequency‐shift filter can separate spectrally overlapping sub‐carrier signals by exploiting the spectral correlation inherent in the cyclostationary modulated signals. To increase spectral efficiency, we increase the percentage of spectral overlap between two adjacent sub‐channels. We derive an upper bound and a lower bound on the bit error rate performance of the proposed multi‐carrier transceiver in additive white Gaussian noise channel and frequency‐nonselective Rayleigh fading channel, respectively. Compared with OFDM, our simulation results show that the proposed multi‐carrier transceiver is much less sensitive to CFO and has a lower peak‐to‐average ratio; moreover, without any additional interference suppression technique, the proposed transceiver has the advantage of being able to mitigate strong co‐channel interference with CFO from the intended multi‐carrier signal and mitigate strong narrowband interference in additive white Gaussian noise channel and in Rayleigh fading channel in which a large CFO between the transmitted signal and the received signal often occurs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel ICI self‐cancellation scheme for OFDM systems

We propose a novel intercarrier interference (ICI) self‐cancellation scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The symmetric scheme is the best among all ICI self‐cancellation scheme in the literature. Its coefficient pair is (1, ? 1), and the loading subcarriers are the k_th and N?k ? 1_th subcarriers, where N is the number of subcarriers. We propose to modify the symmetric scheme and change the coefficient pair from (1, ? 1) to (1, ?µ) where µis between 0 and 1. The proposed modified symmetric scheme has better carrier‐to‐interference‐ratio (CIR) than all previous ICI self‐cancellation schemes by at least 1.7 dB when the normalized frequency offset is 0.5. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inter‐carrier Interference Reduction Scheme for SFBC‐OFDM Systems

In this paper, we first analyze carrier‐to‐interference ratio performance of the space–frequency block coded orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (SFBC‐OFDM) system in the presence of phase noise (PHN) and residual carrier frequency offset (RCFO). From the analysis, we observe that conventional SFBC‐OFDM systems suffer severely in the presence of PHN and RCFO. Therefore, we propose a new inter‐carrier interference (ICI) self‐cancellation method — namely, ISC — for SFBC‐OFDM systems to reduce the ICI caused by PHN and RCFO. Through the simulation results, we show that the proposed scheme compensates the ICI caused by PHN and RCFO in Alamouti SFBC‐OFDM systems and has a better performance than conventional schemes.     

一种OFDM系统强窄带干扰消除方法

OFDM系统由于具有子载波的正交性从而可以充分利用频谱资源,鉴于当OFDM受到窄带干扰而影响较多的子载波时,会出现系统误码率性能严重恶化的现状。文中提出了一种OFDM系统窄带干扰消除技术,该技术在接收端检测出受干扰子载波,利用反馈信道告知发送端,并在发送端将受干扰的子载波不加调制的信息发送到信道中,而在信道中该部分子载波只受干扰信号的影响,接收端将干扰信息重构并储存,从而完成干扰消除确保正常通信。仿真和分析结果表明,该方法在不浪费频谱资源的情况下,能有效抑制OFDM系统的窄带干扰。     

DS‐PAM UWB System Using Non‐linear Chirp Waveform

We propose a direct‐sequence pulse‐amplitude modulation (DS‐PAM) ultra‐wideband (UWB) system which employs a non‐linear chirp waveform instead of the conventional Gaussian monocycle in this paper. In the approved frequency for UWB, there exist myriad narrowband interferers. Specifically, we focus on the mutual interference between UWB systems and 802.11a WLAN. This paper offers a method to suppress this inband narrowband interference by introducing a kind of non‐linear chirp waveform. Using the proposed non‐linear chirp waveform, the effects of one or more narrowband interference sources with different frequencies can be suppressed. System performance of UWB systems in the narrowband interference environment can be improved. Computer simulations with additive white Gaussian noise successfully demonstrate an increase in performance with the proposed system as compared to traditional linear chirp systems.     

Pairwise subcarriers weighting for suppressing out‐of‐band radiation of OFDM

This paper proposes a subcarrier weighting technique to suppress the out‐of‐band radiation of OFDM signals. By mapping and weighting the same data on an adjacent pair of subcarriers, the spectrum sidelobes are suppressed perfectly through sidelobes mutual cancellation. The optimum weighting factor is derived based on a rectangular pulse‐shaped OFDM spectrum model. Compared with existing out‐of‐band suppression schemes, the proposed scheme not only requires less computational burden but also achieves better spectral roll‐off. For example, when the cyclic prefix of a one‐eighth OFDM‐block length is added, the proposed scheme suppresses the 10‐dB radiation at the center frequency between two subbands which are using cognitive radio. Analytical and simulation results also show that the proposed scheme improves the system carrier‐to‐interference ratio by 10 dB at a normalized frequency offset above 0.1, which leads to the performance improvement in terms of the BER on AWGN channel and multipath fading channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zero‐forcing and codebook based beamforming scheme for practical usage of multiuser MIMO‐OFDM with uplink channel sounding

Since the concept of the multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU‐MIMO) system has been introduced for enhancement of capacity and flexibility, it has been accepted in various wireless standards. To enjoy the benefits of the MU‐MIMO system, full or partial channel information is necessary at the transmitter, but how to use the full or partial feedback information in the practical system perspective has not been investigated well. In this paper, we analyze the interference of full usage concurrent transmission codebook based on the MU‐MIMO systems and also investigate the usage of channel information for a codebook based scheme and a zero‐forcing beamforming (ZFBF) scheme. Based on the analytic results, we propose two adaptive schemes for the practical usage perspective in MU‐MIMO‐OFDM systems. Firstly, we propose an adjustable uplink channel sounding scheme, which depends on the number of users in a given cell/sector in frequency division duplexing system, with ZFBF MU‐MIMO‐OFDM systems. Secondly, we propose an adaptive switching scheme, which depends on signal‐to‐noise ratio, between the codebook based scheme and the ZFBF scheme. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated with computer simulations, and the simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides the enhanced throughput over entire signal‐to‐noise‐ratio regions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kalman filter‐based channel estimation and ICI suppression for high‐mobility OFDM systems

The use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in frequency‐selective fading environments has been well explored. However, OFDM is more prone to time‐selective fading compared with single‐carrier systems. Rapid time variations destroy the subcarrier orthogonality and introduce inter‐carrier interference (ICI). Besides this, obtaining reliable channel estimates for receiver equalization is a non‐trivial task in rapidly fading systems. Our work addresses the problem of channel estimation and ICI suppression by viewing the system as a state‐space model. The Kalman filter is employed to estimate the channel; this is followed by a time‐domain ICI mitigation filter that maximizes the signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the receiver. This method is seen to provide good estimation performance apart from significant SINR gain with low training overhead. Suitable bounds on the performance of the system are described; bit error rate (BER) performance over a time‐invariant Rayleigh fading channel serves as the lower bound, whereas BER performance over a doubly selective system with ICI as the dominant impairment provides the upper bound. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive antennas for MIMO OFDM‐CDMA communication systems

In this paper, we propose symbol‐based receivers for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) code‐division multiple‐access (CDMA) multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) communications in multipath fading channels. For multiuser and multipath fading environments, both intersymbol interference and multiple‐access interference must be considered. We propose narrowband and wideband antennas and Wiener code filter for MIMO OFDM‐CDMA systems. The proposed receivers are updated symbol‐by‐symbol to achieve low computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed Wiener code filter can improve the system performance for the proposed adaptive antennas. The wideband antenna can achieve better error‐rate performance than that of the narrowband antenna when multipath effect exists. The convergence rate of the recursive least squares antennas is faster than that of the least mean square antennas. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

短波宽带OFDM的相对门限干扰消除器

短波宽带OFDM系统极容易受到拥挤频段上的窄带干扰,低信噪比工作条件下可能带来性能的急剧恶化。该文在Nilsson的宽带OFDM系统基础上设计了一种适合短波多径信道的相对门限干扰消除器。分析了低信噪比下相对门限的选取和噪声功率的估计问题,并对信道补偿做了改进,以减小噪声干扰。理论分析和仿真表明,低信噪比下,这种门限干扰消除器可以使系统在有干扰的条件下性能接近于理想干扰消除器的性能。     

A novel low‐complexity transmission power adaptation in MC‐CDMA systems with a‐MRC receiver over Nakagami‐m fading channels

In this paper, we propose a novel low‐complexity transmission power adaptation with good bit error rate (BER) performance for multicarrier code‐division multiple‐access (MC‐CDMA) systems over Nakagami‐m fading channels. We first propose a new receiver called ath‐order‐maximal‐ratio‐combining (a‐MRC) receiver with which the receiver power gain for the nth subcarrier is the ath (a?1) power of the corresponding channel gain. Incorporating the a‐MRC receiver, we then propose a new transmission power adaptation scheme where the transmission power is allocated over all the N subcarriers according to the subchannel gains and the transmitter adapts its power to maintain a constant signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise (SINR) at the receiver. The proposed scheme has a significant performance gain over the nonadaptive transmission scheme over both independent and correlated fading channels. Moreover, the proposed scheme keeps good BER performance while it is much simpler than the previous power control/adaptation schemes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A network coding based interference cancelation scheme for wireless ad hoc networks

The performance of wireless networks is limited by multiple access interference (MAI) in the traditional communication approach where the interfered signals of the concurrent transmissions are treated as noise. In this paper, we treat the interfered signals from a new perspective on the basis of additive electromagnetic (EM) waves and propose a network coding based interference cancelation (NCIC) scheme. In the proposed scheme, adjacent nodes can transmit simultaneously with careful scheduling; therefore, network performance will not be limited by the MAI. Additionally we design a space segmentation method for general wireless ad hoc networks, which organizes network into clusters with regular shapes (e.g., square and hexagon) to reduce the number of relay nodes. The segmentation method works with the scheduling scheme and can help achieve better scalability and reduced complexity. We derive accurate analytic models for the probability of connectivity between two adjacent cluster heads which is important for successful information relay. We proved that with the proposed NCIC scheme, the transmission efficiency can be improved by at least 50% for general wireless networks as compared to the traditional interference avoidance schemes. Numeric results also show the space segmentation is feasible and effective. Finally we propose and discuss a method to implement the NCIC scheme in a practical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications networks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Block‐wise Alamouti schemes for OQAM‐OFDM systems with complex orthogonality

Offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems cannot be directly combined with the Alamouti code because of the intrinsic imaginary interference. In this paper, we propose a block‐wise space‐frequency block coding (SFBC) scheme and a block‐wise space‐time block coding (STBC) scheme for offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based OFDM systems, which achieve bit error rate performances that are close to OFDM systems. The proposed schemes satisfy the orthogonality condition of the Alamouti code in the complex field with guard band/intervals. To improve the spectral efficiency of the block‐wise SFBC scheme, we also consider the case without the guard band. It is observed that only the two innermost subcarriers do not satisfy the complex orthogonality condition when the guard band is removed. Then, a simple equalization scheme is proposed to independently equalize the two innermost subcarriers. Simulation results show that the block‐wise SFBC scheme works well under channels with mild‐to‐moderate frequency selectivity, and the block‐wise (STBC ) scheme suffers less than 1 dB loss under severe frequency selective channels at the bit error rate of 10 ^− 3, when only a simple one tap zero‐forcing equalizer is employed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two new power allocation schemes for an OFDM cognitive radio with no knowledge on primary users’ interference

In this paper, we propose two new power loading schemes for an OFDM cognitive radio (CR). The novelty of this paper is that the CR has no knowledge about the interference power introduced by primary users (PUs). In the first scheme, we maximize the total received signal power on all CR subcarriers as the objective function with the two constraints: (i) keeping the interference to the PUs below a given threshold, and (ii) allocating less than peak transmit power as the total power levels on all CR subcarriers. The second proposed scheme is similar to the first one with one more constraint, which is more power loading to the CR subcarriers experiencing higher ratio of channel power gain to the noise power. This third constraint results in increasing CR throughput (similar to the water‐filling scheme). Performances of these schemes are analyzed by numerical and simulation results, which illustrate that the two proposed schemes achieve relatively close to the optimal scheme (in which the secondary transmitter has full knowledge about PUs’ interference power) and outperform the scheme based on estimation of this interference power with an estimation error higher than a given threshold. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Power allocation scheme based on sum capacity maximization for signal‐to‐leakage‐and‐noise ratio precoded multiuser multiple‐input single‐output downlink

This paper proposes a power allocation scheme to maximize the sum capacity of all users for signal‐to‐leakage‐and‐noise ratio (SLNR) precoded multiuser multiple‐input single‐output downlink. The designed scheme tries to explore the effect of the power allocation for the SLNR precoded multiuser multiple‐input single‐output system on sum capacity performance. This power allocation problem can be formulated as an optimization problem. With high signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio assumption, it can be converted into a convex optimization problem through the geometric programming and hence can be solved efficiently. Because the assumption of high signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio cannot be always satisfied in practice, we design a globally optimal solution algorithm based on a combination of branch and bound framework and convex relaxation techniques. Theoretically, the proposed scheme can provide optimal power allocation in sum capacity maximization. Then, we further propose a judgement‐decision algorithm to achieve a trade‐off between the optimality and computational complexity. The simulation results also show that, with the proposed scheme, the sum capacity of all the users can be improved compared with three existing power allocation schemes. Meanwhile, some meaningful conclusions about the effect of the further power allocation based on the SLNR precoding have been also acquired. The performance improvement of the maximum sum capacity power allocation scheme relates to the transmit antenna number and embodies different variation trends in allusion to the different equipped transmit antenna number as the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) changes.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Progressive iterative channel estimation in fast time-varying OFDM systems

Considering the joint channel estimation and data detection in time-varying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） and addressing transmission performance degradation induced by the severe inter-carrier interference （ICI） at very high speed, a new progressive iterative channel estimation scheme is proposed. To alleviate the error propagation of the inaccurate data due to ICI, the measurement subcarriers in the Kalman filter is designed to be extended from pilots subcarriers to all the subcarriers progressively through the iterations. Furthermore, in iteration process, the interference of the non-pilot data to the measurement subcarriers is considered to be part of noise in the modified Kalman filter, which improves the estimation accuracy. Simulation indicates that the proposed scheme improves the performance in fast time-varying situation.     

Selected mapping with symbol re‐mapping for OFDM/TDM using MMSE‐FDE

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals have a problem with a high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). A distortionless selected mapping (SLM) has been proposed to reduce the PAPR, but a high computational complexity prohibits its application to an OFDM system with a large number of subcarriers. Recently, we proposed OFDM combined with time division multiplexing (OFDM/TDM) using minimum mean square error frequency‐domain equalization (MMSE‐FDE) to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of conventional OFDM with a lower PAPR. The PAPR problem, however, cannot be completely eliminated. In this paper, we present an SLM combined with symbol re‐mapping for OFDM/TDM using MMSE‐FDE. Unlike the conventional OFDM, where SLM is applied over subcarriers in the frequency domain, we exploit both time and frequency dimensions of OFDM/TDM signal to improve the performance with respect to PAPR and BER. A mathematical model for PAPR distribution of OFDM/TDM with SLM is presented to complement the computer simulation results. It is shown that proposed SLM can further reduce the PAPR without sacrificing the BER performance with the same or reduced computational complexity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non‐linear chirp based UWB waveform design for suppression of NBI

In order to alleviate the narrowband interference (NBI) to ultra wideband (UWB) systems, we propose two non‐linear UWB chirp waveforms based on the arctrigonometric and archyperbolic function in this paper. The proposed UWB pulses can obtain good performance in NBI suppression. Both of the two chirp pulses require only the time domain processing because of the inherent relationship between the frequency domain and the time domain. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the direct sequence pulse binary amplitude modulation (DS‐BPAM) UWB systems with the proposed chirp waveforms can achieve excellent NBI suppression performance and outperform the linear chirp waveform based UWB system significantly. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust Cognitive‐Radio‐Based OFDM Architecture with Adaptive Traffic Allocation in Time and Frequency

Cognitive radio (CR) has been proposed as an effective technology for flexible use of the radio spectrum. The interference between primary users and CR users, however, becomes a critical problem when they are using adjacent frequency channels with different transmission power levels. In this paper, a robust CR orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) architecture, which can effectively suppress interference to nearby primary users and overcome adjacent channel interference (ACI) to the CR user, is proposed. This new approach is characterized by adaptive data repetition for subcarriers under heavy ACI, and adaptive time spreading for subcarriers near the borders of the CR user's spectrum. The data repetition scheme provides extra power gain against the ACI coming from primary users. Time spreading guarantees an acceptable interference level to nearby primary users. By computer simulation, we demonstrate that, under a CR environment, the proposed CR OFDM architecture outperforms conventional OFDM systems in terms of throughput and BER performance.     

基于预编码设计的载频间干扰抑制

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中归一化频偏所引起的载频间干扰(ICI)系数分布特点,设计了一种通用的OFDM预编码传输方案.可将ICI系数更好地集中在较少的子载波位置上,使接收端的干扰矩阵成为稀疏的矩阵,简化信号检测.从理论分析与系统仿真这2方面对这一算法进行了研究.与已有的基于均衡的ICI抑制算法相比,所建议的算法具有更低的计算复杂度;与ICI自身干扰抑制算法相比,具有更高的频带利用率.