Hybrid DC–DC converter with high efficiency,wide ZVS range,and less output inductance

In this paper, a new soft switching direct current (DC)–DC converter with low circulating current, wide zero voltage switching range, and reduced output inductor is presented for electric vehicle or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger application. The proposed high‐frequency link DC–DC converter includes two resonant circuits and one full‐bridge phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation circuit with shared power switches in leading and lagging legs. Series resonant converters are operated at fixed switching frequency to extend the zero voltage switching range of power switches. Passive snubber circuit using one clamp capacitor and two rectifier diodes at the secondary side is adopted to reduce the primary current of full‐bridge converter to zero during the freewheeling interval. Hence, the circulating current on the primary side is eliminated in the proposed converter. In the same time, the voltage across the output inductor is also decreased so that the output inductance can be reduced compared with the output inductance in conventional full‐bridge converter. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.33‐kW prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage of 300–420 V/3.5 A for battery charger applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non‐isolated large step‐down voltage conversion ratio converter with non‐pulsating output current

A non‐isolated dual half‐bridge large step‐down voltage conversion ratio converter with non‐pulsating output current, utilizing one coupled inductor, one energy‐transferring capacitor, and one output inductor, is presented herein. The coupled inductor is connected between the input voltage and the output inductor and plays a role to step down the input voltage. Furthermore, the output inductor is used not only to further step down the voltage but also to provide a non‐pulsating output current. Moreover, the proposed converter can achieve zero‐voltage switching. In this study, detailed theoretical deductions and some experimental results of a prototype with 48 V input voltage, 3.3 V output voltage, and 10 A output current are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and implementation of a high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter

A high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter with ripple‐free input current is presented. In the presented converter, the ripple‐free boost cell provides ripple‐free input current and zero‐voltage switching of power switches. The resonant flyback cell provides zero‐voltage switching of power switches and zero‐current switching of the output diode. Also, it has a simple output stage. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the reduction of the switching losses of the power switches and the output diode. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed and its experimental results are presented for validation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改进型ZVS PWM全桥DC-DC变换器的研究

研究一种把软开关技术和移相PWM控制技术以及双向DC DC变换器技术有机结合在一起的新型高频DC DC开关功率全桥变换器。它采用电流模式移相PWM控制,在较大的负载范围内实现了开关器件的零电压软开关(ZVS)。该电路简单高效,超前臂、滞后臂都能在很宽的范围实现软开关。介绍和分析了变换器的工作原理,最后给出了实验结果和两个主要波形,并做出了详细的说明。     

ZVS DC/DC全桥变换器的研究

移相全桥零电压开关变换器(FB ZVS PWM DC／DC)是目前中大功率开关电源的主流。分析了FB ZVS PWM DC／DC的一些常见问题，主要是滞后桥臂在轻载时实现ZVS很困难。提出一种新的电路拓扑，变压器次级采用开关管，能够使滞后桥臂和超前桥臂具有相同的转换速度。试制成功了一台2kW样机，给出实验结果。     

基于扩展移相控制的高频DAB变换器ZVS控制方法

双有源桥（Dual active bridge,DAB）在需要高效能量双向流动的工作场景有广泛的应用。在高开关频率工作时,变换器开关器件结电容充放电时间无法忽略,导致扩展移相控制下DAB零电压开通（zero voltage switching,ZVS）范围断续。通过分析扩展移相控制下双有源桥DC-DC变换器工作模态,建立高开关频率工况下DAB变换器数学模型,提出一种利用磁化电流扩宽ZVS范围的方法。在此基础上,结合电感电流应力优化算法,提出一种适用于高频工况应用的电流应力优化下的软开关控制策略。采用该控制策略,可以有效减小导通损耗,消除开关损耗,显著提升高开关频率下的变换器效率。最后,搭建400KHz实验样机,验证控制策略有效性。     

高输入输出变比的两级式DC/DC变换器

两级式变换器比单级式变换器更适合应用在输入输出变比较高的DC/DC变换场合。研究了一种Buck+LLC谐振全桥的电路拓扑,阐述了LLC谐振全桥的原理和特性,在分析了这种两级变换器的稳定性基础上,通过合理选取前级Buck电路的输出电压、后级LLC谐振全桥变压器变比和谐振元件参数,提高了两级变换的效率。基于上述分析,采用该拓扑结构试制了一台功率1 kW,210～270 V输入,27 V输出的原理样机,并给出了实验结果。     

A soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a single magnetic component

A soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a single magnetic component is presented in this paper. The proposed converter can provide high voltage gain with a relatively low turn ratio of a transformer. Voltage doubler structure is selected for the output stage. Due to this structure, the voltage gain can be increased, and the voltage stresses of output diodes are clamped as the output voltage. Moreover, the output diode currents are controlled by a leakage inductance of a transformer, and the reverse‐recovery loss of the output diodes is significantly reduced. Two power switches in the proposed converter can operate with soft‐switching due to the reflected secondary current. The voltages across the power switches are confined to the clamping capacitor voltage. Steady‐state analysis, simulation, and experimental results for the proposed converter are presented to validate the feasibility and the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

倍流输出电流型输入ZVS全桥变流器新型磁集成方案

提出了一种倍流输出电流型输入的零电压开关(ZVS)全桥变流器的磁集成方案.将输入电感和倍流输出电感集成在一个变压器磁心上,减小了变流器的磁元件数目和磁元件的损耗,但不影响电路的零电压开关特性,且输入和输出电流的纹波都很小.采用该集成方案后,由于变压器漏感的存在,加在变压器一次侧的输入电压和加载变压器二次侧的输出电压不平衡,需要增加一个很小的电感来平衡输入和输出电压的差.实验样机验证了理论分析的正确性.     

移相全桥ZVS直流变换器研究综述

摘要：移相全桥ZVS(Zero Voltage Switching)直流变换器具有工作频率恒定、拓扑结构简单、功率密度高且能利用器件自身的寄生参数谐振实现ZVS等特点,在中高功率应用场合中备受青睐。然而,传统移相全桥ZVS变换器软开关范围有限,存在环流损耗、副边占空比丢失以及整流桥寄生振荡等缺陷。本文对移相全桥ZVS变换器存在的问题进行分析,针对典型的拓扑结构和调制策略进行分类,比较了各方案的优势与不足,并提出一种基于互补占空比的改进方案,建立模型并进行仿真验证。     

High‐efficiency current‐doubler rectifier with low output current ripple and high step‐down voltage ratio

This paper presents a current‐doubler rectifier with low output current ripple and high step‐down voltage ratio. In the proposed rectifier, two extra inductors are introduced to extend the duty ratio of the switches, which in turn reduces the peak current through the isolation transformer as well as the output current ripple; two extra diodes are used to provide discharge paths for the two extra inductors. To highlight the merits of the proposed rectifier, its performance indexes, such as voltage gain function, secondary winding peak current of the isolation transformer, and output current ripple, are analyzed and compared with the conventional current‐doubler rectifier. In this paper, a zero‐voltage‐switching phase‐shift full‐bridge converter with the proposed rectifier with an input voltage of 400 V, output voltage of 12 V, and full load power of 500 W has been implemented and verified, and experimental results have shown that 90% conversion efficiency could be achieved at full load. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A new topology for nonisolated multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter

In this paper, a new multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter is proposed. Multiport dc‐dc converters are widely applicable in hybrid energy generating systems to provide substantial power to sensitive loads. The proposed topology can operate in 3 operational modes of boost, buck, and buck‐boost. Moreover, it has zero voltage switching operation for all switches and has the ability to eliminate the input current ripple; also, at low voltage side, the input sources can be extended. In addition, it has the ability of interfacing 3 different voltages only by using 3 switches. In this paper, the proposed topology is analyzed theoretically for all operating modes; besides, the voltage and current equations of all components are calculated. Furthermore, the required soft switching and zero input currents ripple conditions are analyzed. Finally, to demonstrate the accurate performance of the proposed converter, the Power System Computer Aided Design(PSCAD)/Electro Magnetic Transient Design and Control(EMTDC) simulation and experimental results are extracted and presented.     

Series resonant high‐voltage DC–DC converter with reduced component count

This paper proposes a novel zero‐current‐switching series resonant high‐voltage DC–DC converter with reduced component count. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (insulated‐gate bipolar transistors, IGBTs), two resonant capacitors, and only one high‐voltage transformer (HVT) with center‐tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half‐bridge network. The leakage inductances of the transformer's primary windings together with the resonant capacitors form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating the power switches with interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary winding of the HVT is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to rectify the secondary voltage. The converter operates in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and its output voltage is regulated by pulse frequency modulation. Therefore, all the power switches turn on and off at the zero‐current switching condition. The main features of the proposed converter are its lower core loss, lower cost, and smaller size compared to previously proposed double series resonant high voltage DC–DC converters. The experimental results of a 130‐W prototype of the proposed converter are presented. The results confirm the excellent operation and performance of the converter. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A novel active auxiliary circuit for efficiency enhancement integrated with synchronous buck converter

In this paper, a novel auxiliary circuit is introduced for the synchronous buck converter. This auxiliary circuit provides zero‐current, zero‐voltage switching conditions for the main and synchronous switches while providing zero‐current condition for the auxiliary switch and diodes. The proposed active auxiliary circuit integrated with synchronous buck converter that emanates to zero‐voltage transition (ZVT)–zero‐current transition (ZCT) pulse width‐modulated (PWM) synchronous buck converter is analyzed, and its operating modes are presented. The additional voltage and current stresses on main, synchronous and auxiliary switches get decimated because of the resonance of the auxiliary circuit that acts for a small segment of time in the proposed converter. The important design feature of soft‐switching converters is the placement of resonant components that mollifies the switching and conduction losses. With the advent of ZVT–ZCT switching, there is an increase in the switching frequency that declines the resonant component values in the converters and also constricts the switching losses. The characteristics of the proposed converter are verified with the simulation in the Power Sim (PSIM) software co‐simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and implemented experimentally. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DARCN全桥变换器的软开关分析与谐振参数设计

本文对一种二极管辅助谐振换流网络（DARCN）的全桥ZVS－PWM软开关DC／DC变换器的软开关过程进行了详细分析，着重讨论了谐振参数与软开关实现、占空比丢失的关系，给出了谐振参数的设计方法，进行了在不同谐振参数下的仿真研究，研制了实验样机并进行了实验研究，给出了这种变换器在软开关条件下的实验波形。     

半桥LLC变换器谐振参数及ZVS失效分析

采用基波近似原理推导出LLC谐振变换器等效模型,深入分析半桥LLC工作状态。根据等效模型,重点研究了主要谐振参数对变换器直流增益的影响。通过仿真分析变换器零电压开通(ZVS)失效与负载和频率的关系,并对变换器各参数进行优化和限定最大输出功率,避免了ZVS失效。最后设计出150 W/48 V的变换器,仿真及实验均达到预期效果,进一步验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。     

Impact of stray inductances of the power loop on false trigger‐on in the zero‐voltage‐switching full‐bridge converter

Here, we propose an exhaustive theoretical investigation and experimental verification of the false trigger‐on phenomenon, which would lead to the interaction between the upper and lower devices during the switching transient, in the zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) full‐bridge converter. An equivalent model of the converter, which takes not only the parasitic capacitors of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors into account but also the stray inductances of the main circuit, is presented. Based on the model, a comprehensive study of the false trigger‐on phenomenon is carried out. According to the analysis results, the stray inductances of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors have negligible influence on the false trigger‐on phenomena since the soft‐switching is realized. The false trigger‐on phenomenon is induced by the stray inductances of the main circuit. Moreover, the arrangement of the switching sequence would cause significant discriminations in the false trigger‐on phenomena because of the specific working mode of the ZVS full‐bridge converter. According to the investigation results, optimization methods are presented to suppress the induced voltage. At last, the theoretical investigations are verified by tests of a ZVS full‐bridge converter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved control‐to‐output characteristics of a PWM buck‐boost converter

An indirect control variable for improving the control‐to‐output characteristics of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) buck‐boost converter is introduced in this letter. The voltage gain and the small‐signal model of the buck‐boost converter are reviewed. The actual voltage command at one input of the PWM comparator is from the proposed indirect control variable and the peak value of the high‐frequency PWM carrier. The resulted voltage gain function appears proportional to this indirect control command. Also the dependence of the DC gain of the control‐to‐output transfer function on the duty cycle is eliminated. Experimental results conform well to the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and design of a dual‐mode control flyback converter

This letter presents a dual‐mode control scheme to improve the efficiency of a flyback converter in a wide load range. The proposed flyback converter features a novel dual‐mode operation. The valley‐switching technique is adopted to reduce the switching loss at light load. On the other hand, the fixed off‐time (FOT) controls with continuous conduction mode operations decrease the conduction losses at heavy load. The principles and design procedures of the proposed dual‐mode controller are discussed and analyzed. Finally, a 140‐W dual‐mode flyback converter with an output voltage of 19 V is implemented. Experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反激PFC变换器输出电压纹波分析

详细分析了断续导电模式(DCM)反激功率因数校正(PFC)变换器和临界连续导电模式(CRM)反激PFC变换器实现功率因数校正的工作原理.通过推导DCM和CRM反激PFC变换器的输入电流的表达式,证明2种变换器都可以实现PFC功能.进一步推导DCM和CRM反激PFC变换器的输出电压纹波峰峰值的表达式,揭示了工作模式对PFC变换器的输出电压纹波的影响,发现CRM反激PFC变换器的输出电压纹波峰峰值比DCM反激PFC变换器的输出电压纹波峰峰值小.最后通过仿真和实验验证了理论推导的正确性.