合成氨装置脱碳系统蒸汽压缩机跳车原因分析及预防措施

河南中原大化公司30万t／a合成氨装置脱碳系统采用离心式蒸汽压缩机。介绍了蒸汽压缩机的工艺流程;分析了蒸汽压缩机跳车的原因;提出了针对性的预防措施并取得了良好的效果。     

镁在有机合成中的应用研究进展

综述了镁在有机合成中的应用研究,从镁在元素周期表的位置和电子构型详细讲述了镁作为催化剂和格氏试剂对有机合成的影响。催化剂从催化活性物质,催化剂载体,助催化剂的角度进行论述,格氏试剂主要论述了典型的反应类型,最后对镁在有机合成中的应用进行了展望。     

接枝改性淀粉作为LLDPE／淀粉共混体系增容剂的研究

采用接枝改性淀粉作为LLDPE/淀粉共混体系增容剂,对其单体作用和与接枝改性PE配合作用的增容效果进行了研究,发现配合作用增容效果比较明显,体系拉伸强度可达9.77MPa,伸长率为128％,并在此基础上进一步考察了偶联淀粉与LLDPE共混的效果。     

Third-order optical nonlinearity in single-wall carbon nanotubes

The third-order optical nonlinearity in carbon nanotubes (CNT) exposed to an intensive external electromagnetic field has been investigated. The analysis is based on the quantum kinetic equations for the density matrix of π-electrons in CNT. In the regime of weak driving field, the kinetic equations have been solved by the perturbation method and the third-order nonlinear polarizability of different achiral CNTs has been calculated. The theory elaborated has been used for the evaluation of nonlinear susceptibility of CNT-based composites. Comparison with available experimental data has been presented. In the case of high intensive driving field a nonperturbative numerical simulation of the process has been carried out in the time domain. The axial current density in CNT has been calculated. Excitation of π-plasmons in CNTs has been analyzed.     

乙烯产品中微量CO、CO2测定的探讨

本文将乙烯产品中微量的CO、CO2测定方法中的预切条件进行了改正，即将双柱预切改为单柱预切，并对色谱操作条件进行了优化。改正后的方法操作简单、基线稳定、无阀切换信号的干扰，且准确性高、重复性好，在工业分析上有很大的应用价值。     

以壳牌煤气化为原料气源的CO变换装置的工艺设计与管线选材

论述了以壳牌煤气化为原料气源的CO变换装置的工艺特点;简述了CO变换装置的工艺流程;提出了优化CO变换装置布置方案的建议;分析了CO变换装置管道腐蚀的原因并提出了相应的应对措施。     

变压吸附装置在醋酸工程项目的应用及技改措施

介绍了变压吸附装置在醋酸生产中的应用情况;论述了变压吸附工艺流程、操作要点;对生产试车运行中存在的问题提出了相应的技改措施;总结了变压吸附分离技术在醋酸生产装置净化系统的应用效果.     

决策树在化工系统压缩机故障诊断方面的应用

国外数据挖掘技术在很多领域具有广泛应用;而在国内,仅在计算机网络方面和管理决策方面有初步应用,而应用于化工系统压缩机的故障诊断还未见到。本文在压缩机的故障诊断、动态检测方面做了一些初步研究,取得的结果有参考价值。     

壳聚糖的生产及三废处理

针对壳聚糖生产中存在的问题,对原生产工艺进行改进,使之减少了化工原料的用量,缩短了生产周期,降低了生产成本。同时,从环境保护入手,对生产中产生的废液综合治理,回收废液中的蛋白质作为优质饲料添加剂,不仅解决了壳聚糖生产的环境保护难题,而且变废为宝,提高了经济效益。     

油田含油污水过滤器滤料原位清洗再生

通过分析发现滤料污染物主要成分为原油、硫化物等。针对污染物成分研制了有效的滤料再生剂,很好地解决了致密的混合污染物层难以清除的问题。研制了加药装置,确定了滤料原位再生工艺,现场应用取得了良好的效果。     

Mesoscale modelling of processing rubber-toughened acrylic polymers

Abstract

The use of modelling in reproducing the microstructure of rubber-toughened acrylic polymers has been examined. A modelling procedure has been carried out in three stages. In the first stage, a rheological constitutive equation for rubber-toughened poly (methyl methacrylate) (RTPMMA) has been developed. In the second stage, the flow of RTPMMA melt has been modelled simulating common industrial polymer processing techniques such as extrusion and injection moulding. For the final stage, a mesoscale model has been built in order to reproduce the RTPMMA microstructure. Comparison with experimental observations has shown that the code has successfully predicted that rubber particle elongation is much more pronounced during injection moulding than during extrusion. It has been shown that particle elongation is greater near the walls of the mould, whereas the particles are more or less spherical in the central region of the mould. The 'shear' region (where the particles deform at an angle of approximately ±45°) has been reproduced. Particle distribution across the width and length of the mould has been found to be fairly uniform. Such a mesoscale model not only provides a better explanation of experimental observations for toughened polymers, but it can also provide the polymer industry with the ability to make useful suggestions for possible routes to improved materials for a wide range of multi-phase systems.     

空气管道出口处的负压问题

空气管道出口处负压现象的发现,打破了传统的空气管道终端压力分布理论,改变了人们长期形成的风机出口管道终端不会出现负压的观念.在阐明风机全压基本概念及其用途的基础上,着重从条件和原因方面,分析管道出口处出现负压的机理,并得出几点重要的结论.     

磷石膏包裹制备缓释尿素的工艺研究

磷肥生产每年产生大量磷石膏,目前采用的露天堆存磷石膏方式存在着很大的环境安全隐患,磷石膏的治理是个世界难题。研究利用磷石膏包裹制备缓释尿素,在有效提高尿素N利用率的同时,既可为植物提供硫元素,又可消耗利用部分磷石膏。     

三聚氰胺装置废水处理工艺技术

介绍了三聚氰胺装置废水处理系统的工艺原理和工艺流程;分析和论证了废水引出位置、处理负荷和相关外部接口的配置;提出了高压水解、废水汽提、热量回收的最佳操作数据,对废水处理系统的生产运行指标和经济效益进行了评估;对运行中存在的问题进行了改进。结果表明,废水处理后精制水总氮<50×10-6,COD<50×10-6,pH值为6～9,投资回收期为13年。     

Recent research on fertilizer problems in Asian agriculture

Asian agriculture has made enormous gains in food production despite rapid population growth and a shortage of land. This paper reviews the role of fertilizer in agricultural production and the results of recent research on fertilizers and plant nutrition in the region. Fertilizer use has contributed greatly to the increase in food production which has occurred largely in the high potential areas. In these areas research has shown that losses reduce the efficiency of broadcast urea and that the use of high analysis fertilizers is inducing sulfur deficiency in some areas. In upland areas, research has highlighted a major problem of boron deficiency in Thailand. Research progress is being made in understanding the magnitude of nitrogen fixation inputs and the role of shrub legumes in upland systems.     

50万t/a合成氨装置钴钼系变换催化剂接气情况分析

贵州开阳化工有限公司50万t/a合成氨装置变换系统的变换炉选用了K811型钴钼系催化剂。介绍了变换系统的工艺流程;分析了变换系统试车时变换炉催化剂接气过程中出现的问题;总结了变换系统接气时防止超温的方法。     

萨中开发区浅调剖应用效果分析

随着油田开发时间的延长,层间干扰加剧,地层的非均质性矛盾更加突出。萨中开发区虽然开展了细分注水,但由于隔层厚度、分层工艺等问题,使得部分注水层段中,存在无法单卡细分的高渗透层。为解决特高含水期开发中这一矛盾,应用浅调剖技术,吸水厚度比例增加6.7%,连通采油井见到了较好效果,平均单井日产油增加0.2t,含水下降0.3个百分点,取得了较好的效果。为今后浅调剖优化方案设计和进一步提高采收率提供了宝贵的经验。     

Influence of Reagents Flow and Composition on Filtration Combustion Characteristics of Heavy Hydrocarbons-Containing Systems

In this paper, we have shown that the possibility of increasing the productivity of viscous hydrocarbon liquids gasification in the filtration combustion mode with superadiabatic heating can be achieved by increasing the gaseous oxidant consumption. The addition of steam to the gaseous oxidizer has allowed the combustion heat of gaseous products to be increased, while the maximum combustion temperature has remained fairly high for the complete and efficient processing of fuel. The increase in the coal content in the charge has ensured an increase in the maximum combustion temperature, which has in turn contributed to the more stable course of the process and has also lead to an increase in the calorific capacity of the product gas.     

Liquid Phase RTD Studies in Sectionalized Bubble Column

The liquid phase backmixing has been reduced significantly by introducing horizontal perforated sieve plates into a 6.2 cm diameter and 77 cm height and in a 20 cm diameter and 90 cm height bubble columns. For the visbreaking operation of the petroleum residue, where the bubble column is used as soaker such a sectionalization has been suggested. The effect of the introduction of different gas quantities at various axial locations has also been studied to check the effect of increasing gas quantity formed in the visbreaking operation. The nonideality in the liquid phase backmixing has been studied by measuring liquid phase RTD and analysed by using one parameter dispersion model. A new parameter FP (flow parameter) has been defined and a correlation to predict liquid phase dispersion coefficient has been developed which covers the entire range of variables used in the present work.     

Polymerization and chelating behavior of N-acryloyl,N-phenylthiourea

Summary The title monomer has been prepared for the first time. It has been polymerized by a free radical mechanism in different solvents. Only oligomers were obtained so far. The dependence of the rate of polymerization on monomer and initiator concentrations has been measured and was found to follow the usual free radical scheme. The overall activation energy of polymerization has been measured in two solvents and was found to be 21.2 and 15.03 K.Cal/mol in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) respectively. The prepared monomer has excellent chelating ability with different metal cations. The stability constant of the monomer with copper (II) ions has been measured in acetone as well as in dioxane. The complexes have no tendency for free radical polymerization.