集成煤泥干燥的掺烧发电系统热力学-技术经济性分析

为了提高煤泥的综合利用效率,在煤泥掺烧发电系统的基础上耦合煤泥干燥技术,分别构建了集成煤泥蒸汽/空气干燥的掺烧发电系统,基于热力学基本定律和技术经济基本理论,建立了系统热经济性和技术经济性分析模型,以某660 MW燃煤机组为例开展了系统能量分析、■分析及技术经济性分析。结果表明：集成煤泥蒸汽/空气干燥的掺烧发电系统在煤泥掺混比为25%～90%时的节煤量分别为2.07～9.44 g/(kW·h)和1.19～5.43 g/(kW·h),其节能本质为煤泥炉前脱水过程中低品位能量代替高品位能量作为热源,降低了燃烧过程■耗散和排烟■损失;系统投资回收期分别为5.0 a和3.1 a, 20 a内净现值最大分别为694.1万元和540.5万元;从热力学/技术经济性角度(电站剩余寿命小于8.9 a)来看,集成煤泥蒸汽/空气干燥的掺烧发电系统性能更优。     

煤泥与综合利用

介绍煤泥、煤泥灰及其综合利用的方式.     

生物质气化发电的经济效益分析

应用财务评价的方法分析了影响生物质气化发电经济效益的主要因素，从项目规模、出售电价和原料成本三个方面阐述了提高生物质气化发电经济效益的方法，提出了发展生物质气化发电技术的相关建议。     

供热对生物质发电项目的经济效益影响分析

随着国家<可再生能源法>颁布实施,国内掀起了生物质发电的热潮,一批秸秆发电项目相继投产运营,同时也引发了生物质发电项目中是否可以同时考虑供热,供热对生物质发电项目的经济效益有何影响等问题.     

75t／h煤泥循环流化床锅炉燃用煤泥发电

生产原煤5.5Mt/a的兖州矿业(集团)公司东滩煤矿的选煤厂年产压滤煤泥20多万t,因其灰分高、粒度细、热值低、持水性强被废弃而向外排放。为此,该矿建起了一座装机容量为3×12MW的煤泥热电厂,选用目前国内最大的全部燃用煤泥的75t/h循环流化床锅炉,并已安全运行发电,为中国特大型煤矿的煤泥资源综合利用和环境保护提供了一个可借鉴的模式。75t/h煤泥循环流化床锅炉由浙江大学、无锡锅炉厂和兖州矿业(集团)公司共同研制,可与12-15MW汽轮发电机组配套,是具有国际领先水平的新型锅炉。它采用大粒度给料异比重床料的循环流化床新技术,在炉膛出口…     

规模化肉牛场CDM项目碳减排及经济效益估算

以山西省一规模肉牛场沼气工程为案例,利用《气候变化框架公约》清洁发展机制理事会批准的方法学(AMS-III.D和AMS-I.D)对肉牛场粪污沼气工程进行分析,评估了以沼气发电替代煤电的潜力、温室气体减排的潜力以及项目的额外性。评价结果表明,在实施先进的厌氧消化工艺后,肉牛场现存的开放式厌氧塘系统每年可减排85.4%的CO2e,即减排7542.1tCO2e;项目有很好的额外性,通过获得额外的减排收入,使案例项目的内部收益率由7.9%上升到12%,克服了项目存在的融资障碍,提高了肉牛场建设大型沼气工程的积极性。     

Flexible power generation scenarios for biogas plants operated in Germany: impacts on economic viability and GHG emissions

Biogas plants enable power to be generated in a flexible way so that variable, renewable energy sources can be integrated into the energy system. In Germany, the Renewable Energy Sources Act promotes flexible power generation in biogas plants. Two existing biogas plants in flexible operation were analyzed with respect to economic viability and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to assess the feasibility of flexible operation. To do this, a biogas technology simulation model was developed to reproduce the technical design of both biogas plants and to link this design with twelve flexibilization scenarios. The evaluation of the economic viability is based on a discounting method of investment appraisal. For assessing the level of GHG emissions, the life cycle assessment method has been applied. The results show that the profitability of flexibilization is contingent upon premium payments promoting flexibility and direct sales resulting from a higher electrical efficiency of new or additionally installed combined heat and power units. Overall, with respect to profitability, the results of the flexible power generation scenarios are dependent upon the properties of the technical plant, such as its power generation and gas storage capacities. Relative GHG emissions from flexible biogas plants show significantly lower values than for referenced fossil gas–steam power stations. Among the various scenarios, the results reveal that the level of GHG emissions especially depends on the number of operating hours of the additional combined heat and power unit(s). The results of the analyzed biogas plants showed no direct correlation between GHG emissions and the economic benefits. Overall, a flexible power generation of biogas plants may improve the economic viability as well as result in lower GHG emissions in comparison with a conventional base load operation. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Energy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Estimating the economic benefits of wind energy projects using Monte Carlo simulation with economic input/output analysis

A process was developed to evaluate the economic benefits from constructing and operating a wind energy project. The process uses an economic input/output analysis in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation. Process results estimate the number of jobs and amount of spending that will occur in the analysis region because of the construction and operation of a wind energy project. Results from the proposed process may be used to garner community and governmental support for projects. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory jobs, Economic Development and Impacts (JEDI) model, developed specifically for wind energy projects, is used. As there is uncertainty in some of the required input parameters, the Monte Carlo simulation allows the input parameters to be entered as a range. The results of the JEDI model with the Monte Carlo simulation analysis produce a distribution for jobs, salaries and wages, and economic output during construction and operations. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation also provide a sensitivity analysis for each of the JEDI outputs. Two northern Arizona counties, Coconino County and Navajo County, were analysed to demonstrate the process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Climate change benefits and energy supply benefits as determinants of acceptance of nuclear power stations: Investigating an explanatory model

Several countries are currently discussing whether they will rebuild their nuclear power stations in order to continue this type of energy production in the future. The public, with its own opinion about nuclear power stations, has an influential voice in this discussion. As a result, policy makers and nuclear scientists are interested in the public's perception of nuclear power and in what determines this perception. We therefore examined an explanatory model of the public's acceptance of nuclear power based on a telephone survey among a representative sample in Switzerland. The model included such factors as risk perception, benefit perception, affective feelings, and social trust. Moreover, we distinguished between two types of benefit perception: benefit for the climate and a secure energy supply. The model fitted very well to our data and explained acceptance very well. Acceptance was mainly influenced by perceived benefits for a secure energy supply and, to a lesser extent, both by perceived benefits for the climate and by risk perception. Affective feelings about nuclear power appeared to be a central factor in the model. Implications for communication about nuclear power stations and for further research are discussed.     

夏热冬冷地区小城镇节能住宅社会经济效益分析

夏热冬冷地区小城镇非节能住宅室内热环境状况极差,人们为了改善室内热环境,使我国本来短缺的能源供应日益紧张,也给生态环境带来了不可挽回的损失。本文分析了节能住宅的社会经济效益,提倡在小城镇住宅建设中尽量减少对自然资源的摄取,采用节能技术,在国家政策、法规等配合下,创造建筑与环境共生的理想的未来住宅。     

风电发展影响因素及节能减排效益分析

从风电功率预测、低电压穿越能力以及我国的电价政策3方面分析了影响风电发展的因素,指出现阶段由于风电功率预测难、风电机组低电压穿越能力不足限制了风电的发展,而我国现阶段实行的风电标杆上网电价极大地促进了我国风电的发展。还研究了风电的经济效益和环境效益,结呆表明：从长远来发展来说,风电场的经济效益与环境效益都将优于传统火力发电,随着风力发电技术的成熟与发电规模的日益壮大,风电对火电置换的节能减排效益将日益显著。     

Impact of wind power forecasting error bias on the economic operation of autonomous power systems

Many efforts have been presented in the literature for wind power forecasting in power systems and few of them have been used for autonomous power systems. In addition, some recent studies have evaluated the impact on the operation of power systems and energy markets that the improvement of wind power forecasting can have. In this paper, the value of the information provided to the operators of autonomous power systems about forecasting errors is studied. This information may vary significantly, e.g. it can be only the normalized mean absolute error of the forecast, or a probability density function of the errors for various levels of forecasted wind power, which can be provided either during the evaluation phase of the wind power forecasting tool or by online uncertainty estimators. This paper studies the impact of the level of detail provided about wind power forecasting accuracy for various levels of load and wind power production. The proposed analysis, when applied to the autonomous power system of Crete, shows significant changes among the various levels of information provided, not only in the operating cost but also in the wind power curtailment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

发电装机置换效益优化模型及应用

为优化我国现阶段的电源结构,针对高耗能电厂关停的判断条件,提出发电装机节能置换决策模型,并结合我国现有的装机置换政策构建了发电置换节能分析模型。算例分析表明,大容量发电机组具有更好的经济性和节能性,置换发电装机时应优选大容量、低煤耗的发电机组,以实现电源结构优化升级的目标。     

燃煤电厂脱硫装置投产效益的实例分析

新建燃煤电厂同步建设石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置，与主机同步投产，将产生较好的社会效益和经济效益。对某电厂脱硫投产当年创造的环保效益和经济收益进行了分析估算，同时围绕脱硫装置投入运行所产生的经济效益进行了探讨并提出一些建议。     

大型燃煤电站锅炉协同处置污泥的试验研究

针对某电厂300 MW燃煤锅炉污泥干化焚烧处置工程,对污泥干化系统及污泥掺烧对煤粉炉的影响展开了试验研究.通过对污泥干化系统的物料能量平衡计算得出圆盘式污泥干化机的热效率为74.96％,重点分析了污泥干化系统各部分的能耗情况;通过对比掺入污泥后混合燃料和设计煤种的各组分特性,分析了污泥掺烧对原煤粉锅炉运行的影响,结果表明,在污泥掺烧比例低于3％时,对煤粉炉的实际运行无明显影响.