水解-好氧-混凝气浮工艺处理印染废水

采用水解．好氧一混凝气浮工艺处理纺织印染废水，处理量为3000m^3／d。运行结果表明，CODcr的平均去除率达90％以上，色度平均去除率为95％左右，出水pH值为7—8，出水各项指标符合GB4287—1992一级标准。该工艺处理效果稳定，耐冲击负荷强，工艺组合合理。     

混凝-A/O法处理废纸造纸废水的工程设计与效果分析

某造纸企业采用混凝-A／O生化工艺处理废纸造纸废水,经过近120天的运行,出水达到DB4426-1989一级排放标准。运行结果表明,物化处理单元对于SS的去除率保持在90％以上,对废水中CODCr的平均去除率基本稳定在50％左右,生化处理单元对SS的去除率保持在50％左右;对CODCr的去除率保持在90％以上;每去除1kgCOD的运行费用约为0．21元。因此,采用物化-A／O生化工艺处理废纸造纸废水具有技术合理性和经济可行性。     

光伏电池片废水的高效脱氮处理工艺 ——以江苏某光伏工厂5GW电池片废水项目为例

为使废水处理系统最终出水水质达到《电池工业污染物排放标准》(GB 30484—2013)的排放要求,采用高效生物脱氮工艺处理高含氮(硝态氮平均质量浓度为1090 mg/L)废水.废水处理设计规模4000 m3/d,工程总投资800万元,运行费用10.67元/m3废水.运行结果表明,高效生物脱氮工艺出水硝态氮平均去除率>...     

IACP—NFB工艺处理染料废水的研究

采用IACP-NFB工艺对某染料厂废水进行处理研究。结果表明，在设定的运行参数条件下，CODcr去除率达90％以上，色度去除率达92％，出水水质完全达到国家排放标难。章初步探讨了该处理系统的反应机理。     

硅藻土—微滤膜联合过滤净化海水的试验研究

将硅藻土吸附过滤技术和微滤膜过滤技术集成在一起,形成新型硅藻土—微滤膜联合循环过滤工艺.一个运行周期中,出水流量为300 L/h时,与单独硅藻土吸附过滤相比,联合过滤装置的出水水质得到进一步提高,其中,出水浊度为0.1 NTU左右,去除率为95％左右,提高了10％;CODMn的去除率变化不大,平均去除率为35％;细菌的去除率进一步提高,大干99％.     

杨木化机浆制浆造纸废水处理工艺运行实例

以水解酸化-IC-曝气池-混凝沉淀的处理工艺,对某制浆和造纸联合生产企业生产废水进行处理。长期运行数据显示,采用该工艺对此废水进行处理,厌氧去除率可达65%左右,厌氧出水COD平均浓度为3000 mg·L~(-1);好氧单元的去除率80%左右,出水浓度为350 mg·L~(-1);深度处理COD平均去除率80%,平均出水浓度72 mg·L~(-1),可以稳定达到《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 3544-2008)所要求的排放标准。     

Fenton流化床工艺深度处理印染废水的研究及其应用

浙江某针织企业采用Fenton流化床工艺对污水系统的印染废水进行深度处理。结果表明:Fenton流化床工艺对生化池出水具有稳定且有效的COD去除效果,平均去除率为82.6%;对色度、SS、总磷和苯胺也具有明显的去除效果,平均去除率分别为92.0%、93.3%、97.8%和98.1%;出水各项指标均满足GB 4287—2012中表2的排放标准。该工艺路线产生的污泥少,单位水量产泥率为0.059%;处理成本低,综合运行成本为1.98元/t;路线简单,适合印染企业污水处理。     

造纸废水处理工程运行实例

以"超浅层气浮+ABF厌氧反应器+卡鲁塞尔氧化沟+深度处理"组合工艺,对河南省某制浆造纸企业生产废水进行处理,4个月的运行数据显示,厌氧工段COD去除率约为70%,平均出水COD浓度为3937 mg·L~(-1);好氧工段COD去除率约为92%,平均出水COD浓度为291 mg·L~(-1);深度处理工段COD去除率约为89%,平均出水COD浓度为32 mg·L~(-1),可以稳定达到《洪河流域废水排放标准》(DB 41/1257-2016)所要求的排放标准。     

Analysis of removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in Orbal oxidation ditch in NO.3 Wastewater Treatment of Xi'an

介绍了西安市第三污水处理厂工艺流程,对其运行情况进行比较分析,为氧化沟升级改造提供依据.数据表明,第三污水处理厂运行稳定,Orbal氧化沟工艺具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,出水水质较为稳定.该工艺对污染物COD、T-N、NH3-N和TP的去除率分别为95％,90％,95％和90％,出水达标,部分指标明显优于排放标准.     

浅议UASB+SBR工艺在酒精工业废水处理中的应用

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)加间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)综合工艺处理玉米酒精工业废水，经2年多运行表明，运行费用低、效果好，处理后的污水达标排放，还可作为中水回用。污水先经预处理系统(包括事故调节池、集水池、pH调节、冷却塔)处理后进入UASB反应器处理，经处理后出水CODcr去除率达76％，BOD去除率达83％。然后进入SBR池处理。CODcr去除率达91％，BOD5去除率达95％。处理后的水经活性炭吸咐处理后可作中水使用。     

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定黄酒中的游离氨基酸

<正> 前言 黄酒是中国的一种传统的饮料酒,已有数千年历史,它的酿造用料及发酵工艺与国外酒类不同。众所周知,发酵制品含有多种营养成份,黄酒也不例外,它含有人体必需的氨基酸,具有很高的营养价值。然而,有关黄酒中各种氨基酸含量与酒质优劣和营养价值高低之间的关系等,国内尚未见到系统报道。为配合工艺试验,我们开展了这项方法研究。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定果汁中铅和镉

应用具有温度传感器附件的Ethos1型微波消解仪处理果汁样品,并采用石墨炉原子吸收法对其中铅、镉含量进行测定。对消解试剂和微波消解条件进行了筛选和优化,研究了石墨炉原子吸收的测定条件。研究表明,以HNO3-H2O2(7∶1,V/V)作为微波消解试剂,180℃,1 200W,消解8min最佳。在基体改进剂NH4H2PO4存在下,可有效地消除基体的影响,建立了微波溶样原子吸收光谱法测定果汁中Pb、Cd的方法,其Pb和Cd的检测限分别为6.0μg/L和1.0μg/L。将该法应用于果汁样品中Pb、Cd的测定,结果令人满意,RSD小于5.0%,Pb回收率为78.7%～102.4%,Cd回收率为97.8%～108.7%。通过试验,提出在微波消解前,在电热消解仪上进行预消解(140℃,20min),增大了称样量,显著降低了方法的检出限。微波消解法处理果汁样品,具有快速、简便、节约试剂、消解完全等特点,测定结果的精密度、准确度令人满意。     

大麻纤维草酸铵-酶联合脱胶工艺

为开发绿色高效的大麻脱胶工艺,提出了草酸铵-酶联合脱胶,采用正交试验优化草酸铵脱胶工艺,并与经传统化学脱胶工艺、化学-酶联合脱胶工艺处理后大麻纤维的脱胶效果进行比较,得到草酸铵-酶联合脱胶最佳工艺条件:草酸铵质量浓度为4.0 g/L,保温温度为100 ℃,保温时间为50 min。结果表明:经最佳工艺处理后大麻纤维的残胶率为2.34%,低于经传统化学脱胶后大麻纤维的残胶率12.88%和化学-酶联合脱胶后大麻纤维的残胶率8.43%;草酸铵-酶联合脱胶后大麻纤维中木质素质量分数由8.10%(大麻原麻)下降到0.94%,断裂强度为10.31 cN/dtex,且白度优于传统化学脱胶工艺和化学-酶联合脱胶工艺处理后的大麻纤维。     

用新型流化床工艺处理制革废水

采用新型流化床工艺处理制革废水,可取得较好的处理效果,COD去除率达80%以上,BOD去除率达86%以上,出水达到国家二级排放标准GB8978-1996。经对比研究可知,此法无论在处理效果还是在经济效益等方面均具有优势。     

粘胶非织造布的PAMAM/Ag~+抗菌整理

以聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树状大分子为载体,硝酸银水溶液为抗菌剂,采用轧-烘-焙后整理工艺对粘胶非织造布进行抗菌整理。优化的粘胶非织造布抗菌整理工艺为:PAMAM树状大分子3%,AgNO3水溶液2.0×10-3mol/L。整理后粘胶非织造布的抗菌耐久性优异,50次水洗后对大肠埃希菌的抑菌率达98%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达97%;断裂强力提高41%,断裂伸长率下降25%,白度下降18%左右。     

Statistical evaluation of residue data for the assessment of predicted values (half-life, withdrawal time) as an example of toltrazuril and enrofloxacin in trout

The half-lives and withdrawal times of the veterinary drugs Toltrazuril and Enrofloxacin in trout have been assessed by statistical analysis. Confidence intervals were computed using a normal distribution of residual data and an empirical distribution by the Bootstrap method. Both methods produced similar statistics for the two drugs. Simulation of the residue data according to the regression lines of the decay curves has shown that the Bootstrap method is better for use when the residue patterns are not distributed normally. Using confidence intervals, a statistical mean of withdrawal times can be assessed. Taking into account the decays of the individual antibiotics in all treated trout, tolerance intervals for the regression lines are obtained: the calculated 10-20% longer withdrawal time includes values for which the antibiotic concentration in 95% of the treated trout is decreased below the tolerance level of Toltrazuril or Enrofloxacin.     

Rapid and simultaneous determination method for analysis of minerals in infant formula using ICP-MS

A rapid and simultaneous method by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed for determination of 19 elements in infant formula. Fast and efficient sample digestion was achieved by a microwave-assisted nitric acid procedure. An acetic acid was added to both these treated solutions and standard solutions as a countermeasure for carbon charge transfer in As, Se elements. The observed calibration curves showed good linearity (r(2)>0.9993) and the quantification limit was low. The recoveries of elements were 95.0-108% and the relative standard deviations (RSD) of this method were 0.3-4.2%. The analyzed values were in good agreement with the certified values in a NIST standard reference material. This study showed that the ICP-MS method is useful for major to trace multi-elemental determination in infant formula.     

Paraffin treatment of garlic for long-term preservation

The optimal conditions have been developed for garlic preservation by its treatment with a mixture of food paraffin and monoglyceride in the ratio of 95:5 at 80 degrees C, followed by the storage at 0-1 degrees C, and relative humidity 65-75%. When garlic is treated with plasticized paraffin, the main hydrocarbon components of paraffin - n-alkanes C20-C31 are accumulated in its pulp. Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are practically absent in food paraffin and paraffined garlic. The quantitative parameters of the paraffined garlic characterizing high technological and economic effectiveness of the method, as well as insignificant increase in the p-alkanes content (1%) in the daily ration for humans, that contains paraffined garlic, have permitted the authors to recommend this method of garlic storage for using under industrial conditions, the technological regulations should be strictly kept to.     

Comparison of matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid-liquid extraction for the chromatographic determination of fenthion and its metabolites in olives and olive oils

Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) methodology has been developed to extract fenthion and its metabolites from olives and olive oils, and the technique compared with conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The method was applied to olives and olive oil samples obtained from olive groves treated with fenthion. Pesticide residues were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Both extraction methods gave a linear response over the concentration range assayed (0.03-1 mg kg^-1 for MSPD and 0.1-1 mg kg^-1 for LLE). Recoveries and RSD (n = 6) values in olives were 85-112% and 2-6% for MSPD, and 68-108% and 4-16% for LLE, respectively. In the case of olive oil, recoveries and RSD (n = 6) values were 67-98% and 5-11% for MSPD, and 63-115% and 6-14% for LLE, respectively. When compared to LLE, the newly developed MSPD method was twice as sensitive and required 10 times less sample weight.     

Effect of Sodium Chloride, Acetic Acid, and Enzymes on Carotene Extraction in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

ABSTRACT: Carrot root cores were cut off longitudinally and treated with NaCl (0.6 and 1.2 M ) and/or acetic acid (1.33%, 2.67%, and 4%) solutions. The extractability of the carotenes was estimated. Similarly, carrot cores were also treated with some degrading enzymes (carbohydrases, lipases, and proteases) alone or in combination to study the effect of the tissue rupture or the hydrolysis of possible complexes or interactions between carotenes and other components on the carotene extractability. The results showed that acetic acid increased the extractability of α- and β carotenes up to 99.8% and 94.6%, respectively, at a 4% acid concentration compared with the samples without any treatment. This increase was directly proportional to the acid concentration. An increase in extractability was also observed for NaCl, although the increases were not as high as in the previous case with values of 49% and 41.4% for α- and β-carotenes respectively at a 0.6 M concentration. The study of microstructural changes and extractability revealed that the enzymatic treatments could have broken some carotene complexes and interactions and altered the carbohydrate matrix structure, increasing to a certain extent the extractability of carotenes. It can be concluded then that pickling with 4% acetic acid is a good method to increase the extractability of α- and β-carotenes.