狼毒根活性炭的制备及性能表征

以青海草原危害性植物瑞香狼毒根为原料、磷酸为活化剂,采用正交试验法制备高效活性炭吸附剂,考察了固液比、磷酸浓度、活化温度和活化时间4个因素对活性炭产率及吸附性能的影响。采用氮气吸附-脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对活性炭的孔结构、表面结构及表面官能团特征进行了分析和表征。结果表明:狼毒根灰分含量低(质量分数仅2.95%),是高质量的活性炭原材料;当磷酸浓度为50%(wt),活化温度为400℃,浸渍比为[m(原料):m(磷酸溶液)]=1:4,活化时间为60 min时,制得的活性炭的BET比表面积为1370 m2·g-1,平均孔径3.18 nm,碘吸附值为1067 mg·g-1,亚甲基蓝吸附值为375 mg·g-1,产率高达57.41%。     

硝酸银负载型阳离子交换树脂的制备及其对水溶液中溴离子的吸附研究

利用硝酸银溶液对D001大孔型磺酸基聚苯乙烯阳离子树脂进行浸渍处理,制备出硝酸银负载型阳离子交换树脂.将离子树脂作为载体,对水溶液中的溴离子进行吸附性能测试.通过改变吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度,探究不同吸附条件对吸附剂吸附水中溴离子性能的影响.结果表明:该吸附剂使用的优化条件为吸附剂添加量1 g、吸附时间40 min、吸附温度25℃.在该优化条件下,吸附剂对水中溴离子的吸附量为64.97 mg·g-1,吸附率可达99.96％.     

硝酸银负载型阳离子交换树脂的制备及其对水溶液中溴离子的吸附研究

利用硝酸银溶液对D001大孔型磺酸基聚苯乙烯阳离子树脂进行浸渍处理,制备出硝酸银负载型阳离子交换树脂.将离子树脂作为载体,对水溶液中的溴离子进行吸附性能测试.通过改变吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度,探究不同吸附条件对吸附剂吸附水中溴离子性能的影响.结果表明:该吸附剂使用的优化条件为吸附剂添加量1 g、吸附时间40 min、吸附温度25℃.在该优化条件下,吸附剂对水中溴离子的吸附量为64.97 mg·g-1,吸附率可达99.96％.     

胶原纤维固载Fe(Ⅲ)对磷酸根的吸附特性

将Fe（Ⅲ）固载在胶原纤维上制备吸附材料,研究了该吸附材料对磷酸根的吸附性能。结果表明,当温度为303 K,溶液的初始浓度为62.0 mg P·L-1时,胶原纤维固载Fe（Ⅲ）(FeICF)对磷酸根的吸附容量为32.69 mg P·g-1。在pH为3.0～6.0范围内平衡吸附量较大,即当磷酸根在溶液中以H2PO-4的形式存在时有利于吸附。吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,吸附容量随温度和Fe（Ⅲ）的固载量的增加而增加。FeICF对磷酸根的吸附动力学符合拟二级速度方程。溶液中存在的Cl-、NO-3、SO2-4及CO2-3对磷酸根的吸附没有影响,表明FeICF对磷酸根有较强的选择吸附能力。     

河南油田防聚合物动态吸附的岩心流动实验研究

构建了一种聚合物防吸附体系,并对该体系的动态防聚合物吸附性能进行了评价.结果表明:渗透率越高,聚合物防吸附率越高;当温度处在40～90℃之间时,处理剂防吸附率均在70％以上;该防吸附剂体系发挥降低聚合物吸附性能的最佳pH范围为3～5之间,当流体pH=7时的防吸附率最低;该防吸附剂体系的耐盐性较好,不同矿化度(1500～10000 mg·L-1)对该防吸附剂体系的防吸附率影响不大;防吸附剂质量分数越高,聚合物防吸附率越大,且质量分数≥0.5％之后防吸附率达70％以上;高注入量(>200 PV)的地层水对防吸附剂冲刷之后,聚合物在岩石表面的动态吸附量没有发生太大的变化,未冲刷时聚合物在岩心表面的吸附量为0.0128 mg·g-1,冲刷之后聚合物在岩心表面的吸附量为0.0134 mg·g-1,体系的防吸附率变化不大,未冲刷和冲刷后防吸附率分别为73.3％和72.2％.     

钢渣吸附-高温再生处理活性翠蓝染料废水

以钢渣为吸附剂,处理活性翠蓝染料废水,考察了钢渣颗粒度大小、溶液pH值、温度、固液比等因素对吸附的影响,以及吸附等温曲线和吸附剂再生.结果表明,吸附剂有较好的吸附能力,脱色率可达96.74 %,吸附量可达到42.4 mg·g-1.吸附剂的再生简单易行.     

污泥含炭吸附剂对甲苯的吸附性能研究

采用改进的ZnCl2化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,利用X射线能谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对其结构进行表征。并采用动态吸附法对甲苯废气的吸附特性进行研究。结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对中低浓度甲苯(2700mg·m-3)具有很好的吸附能力,其对甲苯的吸附容量随着甲苯进口浓度的增加而增大,随着吸附温度的升高而降低,随着进气流量的减小而增大;在吸附温度为20℃,气体流量为500mL·min-1(停留时间为0.424s),甲苯浓度为2700mg·m-3时,甲苯的饱和吸附容量为150.0mg·g-1;研究表明污泥含炭吸附剂对甲苯的吸附以物理吸附为主,并具有一定的化学吸附和催化氧化作用,其实验结果与Langmuir方程吻合较好。该吸附剂可在常温和有机物浓度较低的条件下用来部分替代活性炭使用。     

硫脲改性坡缕石对铬(VI)的吸附性能研究

硅烷偶联剂KH-550改性后的坡缕石通过环氧氯丙烷与硫脲反应,得到硫脲修饰的坡缕石,用扫描电镜、热重和元素分析对其进行了表征。研究了该改性坡缕石对Cr6+的吸附,在初始浓度是100 mg·L-1的水溶液中,pH为3,温度30℃时,20 mg吸附剂对Cr6+最大吸附量是74.63 mg·g-1。此吸附剂对Cr6+的吸附过程符合二级动力学模型,等温吸附曲线是Langmuir方程,并且吸附过程是自发进行的。     

ZnAlLa类水滑石对污泥脱水液中磷酸根的吸附

通过共沉淀法合成了ZnAlLa三元类水滑石,并考察了其结构特征和对磷酸根的吸附性能。结果表明,在保持类水滑石层状结构的条件下,La的适量掺杂可增强吸附剂对磷酸根的吸附。当Zn∶Al∶La摩尔比为2.00∶0.90∶0.10时,ZnAlLa类水滑石在24h内对污泥脱水液中磷酸根的吸附量为35.15mgP.g-1,比无La时的吸附量提高了41.9%。300℃焙烧处理后,ZnAlLa样品转化为亚稳态的复合金属氧化物,同时比表面积明显增加,其磷酸根吸附量约为焙烧前的1.48倍。ZnAlLa对磷酸根的吸附在pH变化及竞争离子存在时表现出较强的稳定性。该吸附剂对污泥脱水液中磷酸根的吸附符合假二级吸附动力学;吸附等温线表现为Langmuir型。     

聚酰胺接枝纤维素的合成及对金属离子的吸附性能

以葡萄秸秆为原料提取纤维素,以环氧树脂为交联剂,将聚酰胺交联到纤维素上制得聚酰胺-葡萄纤维素吸附剂。测定聚酰胺-葡萄纤维素吸附剂对Co2+和Fe2+的吸附性能,并研究环氧树脂用量、反应温度和吸附平衡时间对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当反应温度25℃、吸附平衡时间60 min和m(聚酰胺)∶m(葡萄纤维素)∶m(环氧树脂)=2∶1∶1.5时,制备的聚酰胺-葡萄纤维素吸附剂的吸附性能最好。聚酰胺-葡萄纤维素吸附剂对Co2+和Fe2+的吸附均在60 min后达到平衡,Fe2+和Co2+的最大吸附容量分别为22.40 mg·g-1和16.82 mg·g-1。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。