Microleakage of dentin-bonded crowns placed with different luting materials

This review defines the term "compound allergy" in the context of new findings, and discusses evidence that allergenic reaction products have been identified. Material was gathered by searching Index Medicus and the Science Citation Index, and reviewing several standard texts. Issues regarding the validity of patch test results are addressed and we introduce the term "pseudocompound allergy" to cover cases of false-negative patch tests. We present new theories regarding the mechanisms by which new allergens are formed and a means of classification.     

Long term follow-up of prophylactic caval clipping

120 high risk patients who underwent prophylactic inferior vena cava clipping were retrospectively evaluated to determine the incidence of post clipping leg swelling and pulmonary embolism. Each one of those patients had at least two criteria for the clipping. These criteria of high risk factors were precisely identified. There were two patients who had postoperative pulmonary embolism but none of them was fatal, i.e. less than two per cent. Two patients developed severe leg swelling (less than two per cent) and six had mild leg swelling (less than six per cent). Prophylactic inferior vena cava clipping is a safe and effective mean to prevent post-operative pulmonary embolism.     

本钢3号高炉炉况长期不顺的原因分析

介绍了本钢３号高炉炉况长期不顺的操作情况,并结合高炉大修,总结了破损情况,分析了操作不顺的原因,提出了改进意见及完善高炉操作的措施与对策。     

Long term control of diabetes in general practice

Longterm follow-up and counselling of the diabetic patient faces the family doctor with highly specific tasks. The importance of optimum cooperation from the patient is stressed and the method of carrying out periodic checkups is described. The doctor should obtain information about the carbohydrate metabolism from urinary tests performed by the patient himself. Also, the symptoms of late diabetic syndrome should be detected as early as possible.     

Long term results of treatment of carcinoma of cervix

In this survey of 602 patients treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix during the period 1944--1968 (with a 100 per cent follow-up) survival rates at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after radiotherapy were 41, 28, 18 and 11 per cent. The crude five-year cure rate of over 70 per cent for Stage I and 58 per cent for Stage II cases and an overall five-year survival rate of 42 per cent for all stages compares favourably with results published from other institutions in the United Kingdom.     

Comparative clinical evaluation of removable partial dentures made from impressions with different materials

Impressions for removable partial dentures (RPDs) should provide an accurate and detailed record of the teeth and soft tissues. Removable partial denture casts should be exact replicas of the mouth to ensure that RPD frameworks fit accurately and are fully adjusted to oral structures. A comparative clinical evaluation was performed on the oral fit of RPDs made from impressions with either irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) or condensation silicone. The difference between the two groups was found to be statistically significant.     

Radiation therapy in Burkitt's lymphoma. Long term results

In 40 of 61 irradiated patients with Burkitt's lymphoma the long term results were evaluated. Five patients were primarily irradiated while the remaining patients had late recurrences or were chemotherapy failures. Seven patients were alive and free of recurrence after 6 months and 4 after 24 months.     

Reinforcement of structural materials by Long Strong Fibres

Materials which flow at low stresses such as soft metals or plastics, can be strengthened by incorporation of stronger fibres. The mechanical principles governing this reinforcement are presented in a fashion applicable to discontinuous fibres and to matrices which have flow stresses dependent upon the strain rate. The strengths attainable by composites containing discontinuous fibres are discussed. Compliant matrices of small breaking strain,e.g. cement or plaster, are reinforced with fibres in order to prevent a single crack leading to rupture of the composite. The rules governing the density of cracks, the stress-strain curve of the composite and the cracking strain of the matrix within the composite are discussed and applied. Finally the relationship between fibre reinforcement and dispersion hardening is commented upon and the ways in which fibres interfere with dislocation motion and rearrangement discussed.     

Long term metabolic effects of two dietary methods of treating hyperlipidaemia

OBJECTIVES: To compare the long term metabolic effects of two diets for treating hyperlipidaemia. DESIGN: Randomised controlled study: after three weeks of normal (control) diet, subjects were randomly allocated to one of two test diets and followed up for six months. SETTING: Lipid clinic of tertiary referral centre in Naples. SUBJECTS: 63 subjects with primary type IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia entered the study, and 44 completed it. Exclusion criteria were taking drugs known to influence lipid metabolism, evidence of cardiovascular disease, homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, and body mass index over 30. INTERVENTIONS: Two test diets with reduced saturated fat (8%) and cholesterol (approximately 200 mg/day): one was also low in total fat and rich in carbohydrate and fibre, and the other was low in carbohydrate and fibre and rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations; blood glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations before and after a test meal. RESULTS: In comparison with the control diet, both test diets induced significant and similar decreases in low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (by a mean of 0.72 (SE 0.15) mmol/l, P < 0.001, for low total fat diet; by 0.49 (0.18) mmol/l, P < 0.05, for high unsaturated fat diet) and plasma triglyceride concentrations (by 0.21 (0.09) mmol/l, P < 0.05, for low total fat diet; by 0.39 (0.15) mmol/l, P < 0.05, for high unsaturated fat diet), while high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations after fasting and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during test meals were not modified by either diet. CONCLUSIONS: Both test diets are suitable (alone or in combination) for treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.     

Long term disability rates in a cohort of Air Canada pilots

Causes of long term disability (LTD) were collected between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1990 among all active pilots in a cohort of Air Canada pilots. During this 10-yr period, 474 (20.9%) of the 2271 pilots had LTD; there were 1107 cases of LTD corresponding to a total duration of leave of absence of 4161 mo. Frequencies of the main diagnostic categories were: injuries: 249 (22.5%); mental disorders: 175 (15.8%); circulatory system: 157 (14.2%); digestive system: 128 (11.6%); and musculoskeletal system: 121 (10.9%). LTD rates increased with age, ranging from 1.86-9.22 per 1000 pilots per year from the younger (20-29 yr) to the older age group (50-59 yr), respectively. Several causes of LTD could be potentially preventable, in particular injuries which accounted for 63.6% of all causes in the younger age group and remained a significant condition at subsequent ages.     

Long term remissions with combined modality therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease

A new treatment program for advanced Hodgkin's disease employing five-drug combination chemotherapy and low dose radiation to the sites of bulk disease (nodal or parenchymal) was designed in 1969. Eighty patients have now been treated, 60 of whom have achieved a complete remission. More significantly, only 5 of the 60 completed responders have relapsed with follow-up from 1-6 years. The cumulative survival at 5 years of patients entering complete remission is 92%. For those patients not sustaining a complete remission, it is 19% at 2 years. This program has resulted in substantially lower relapse rates than previously reported by other investigators, probably because of the administration of radiotherapy in the manner described. Hopefully, a significant number of these patients may be cured of their disease.     

Long term evolution in Blackfan-Diamond hypoplastic anemia (author''s transl)

Hearts of newborn mice were cut into small pieces, the fragments transplanted under the ear skin of adult recipients, and the graft survival followed visually (pulsating fragments were considered viable). Donor-recipient combinations were chosen from H-2 congenic (recombinant and mutant) strains in such a way as to provide differences in the entire H-2 complex or in only a small portion of it. The data obtained indicate that a difference between the donor and the recipient in either K, D, or I regions suffices for the rejection of the heart fragments. The rejection is often accompanied by the production of antibodies against classical H-2 antigens (in the case of K- or D-region disparities) or Ia antigens (in the case of I region disparities). In some instances, the antibodies persist in the recipient for more than 50 days. We conclude from these experiments that the same loci that cause acute skin graft rejection (H-2K, H-2D, and H-2I) are responsible for heart graft rejection. Furthermore, we also conclude that serologically Ia-negative tissues may carry Ia antigens in sufficient quantities to stimulate the production of Ia antibodies.     

Energetic evaluation of materials comminution processes

Conclusions An examination is made of simplified models of processes used in the production of powdered materials. A method is proposed for calculating the specific amounts of energy expended in these processes. Data for the comminution of tin are employed to describe the determination of the most energetically favorable processes for various powder particle-size ranges. The advantages are demonstrated of the atomization of a thin molten film compared with atomization with the focus of a stream. Milling performance is shown to be improved by the use of lubricant. As the assessment is not comprehensive (being based only on an energy economy criterion), however, the results obtained cannot be employed for examining the effectiveness of real comminution processes.The author is most grateful to Academician S. S. Kutateladze for suggesting the subject of this work and for helpful discussions.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 4(232), pp. 55–61, April, 1982.