工艺因素对电炉顶用高铝质浇注料性能的影响

首先采用70%(质量分数,下同)的特级矾土骨料(粒度8～5mm、5～3mm、3～1mm与<1mm的质量比分别为5:25:20:20、10:20:20:20、15:15:20:20和20:20:10:20)与30%的基质细粉(由22%的矾土粉、5%的CA80水泥、3%的SiO2微粉和0.2%(外加)的三聚磷酸钠组成)制成不同骨料粒度组成的高铝浇注料试样,检测其烘干强度,以此确定此浇注料合适的骨料粒度级配,然后在此骨料粒度级配基础上,分别研究了矾土粉(<0.088mm)加入量(分别为20%、25%、30%和35%)、骨料颗粒形状、结合剂种类(CA80和Secar-71水泥)及其加入量(1%、3%、5%和7%)、SiO2微粉加入量(1%、2%、3%和4%)、α-Al2O3微粉加入量(1%、3%、5%和7%)、分散剂三聚加入量(0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%和0.30%)和三聚 六偏加入量(0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%)对高铝烧注料烘干及中、高温处理后性能的影响。结果表明:骨料粒度组成以8～5mm、5～3mm、3～1mm与<1mm的质量比为10:20:20:20为好;基质细粉加入量以30%为宜;颗粒形状浑圆制备的试样强度不如不规则形状颗粒的;浇注料结合系统采用5%的CA80水泥,然后添加3%硅微粉或者3%～5%的氧化铝微粉,以及0.2%三聚磷酸钠和六偏磷酸钠复合减水剂制备的浇注料的性能较好。     

矾土熟料和矾土均化料的性能及其在高铝浇注料中的应用

对矾土熟料和矾土均化料两种耐火原料的理化性能进行了比较,研究以其为骨料制备的水泥窑用高铝浇注料的性能.结果表明:经过均化提纯工艺制备的矾土均化料较矾土熟料理化性能均一稳定,并基本上克服了后者不同粒度间化学组成差异的问题;与矾土熟料相比,以矾土均化料为骨料制备高铝浇注料具有更好的性能,可以满足更高一级水泥窑用高铝浇注料指标的要求.     

闪速焙烧炉用耐火浇注料的研制与应用

在检测分析国外致密浇注料的基础上 ,研究了基质料、结合剂、外加剂对浇注料性能的影响。以特级焦宝石为骨料 ,将α Al2 O3、SiO2 及红柱石等超细粉添加于基质中 ,以纯铝酸钙水泥为结合剂 ,开发出 4 0 #、4 5#浇注料。研制品替代引进的致密浇注料应用于氧化铝闪速焙烧炉 ,取得了良好的效果     

不同粒度莫来石球形骨料对Al_2O_3-SiO_2浇注料性能的影响

由于球形骨料的流动性高,有利于致密堆积,可制备高性能耐火材料,因此,在以传统不规则形状莫来石骨料(以下称"传统骨料")、矾土均化料细粉、SiO_2微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥等为原料制备的低水泥Al_2O_3-SiO_2浇注料基础上,研究分别用粒度为8~5、5~3、3~1和≤1 mm的球形莫来石骨料(以下称"球形骨料")逐级取代同粒度的传统骨料对浇注料施工性能以及热处理后强度的影响,并借助SEM分析了试样的显微结构。结果表明:1)不同粒度球形骨料的引入均有效地改善了浇注料的流动性,降低了加水量,其中以引入3~1和5~3 mm的改善效果较好,使浇注料的加水量从采用传统骨料的5.8%(w)减少至5.2%(w);2)与传统骨料相比,除≤1 mm的球形骨料外,均可提高浇注料的可泵送性;3)球形骨料的引入提高了浇注料的致密度和常温耐压强度,但对浇注料的常温抗折强度影响不大,其中3~1 mm的球形骨料对浇注料强度的提升较大;4)热处理后浇注料的显微结构分析表明,球形骨料与基质边界结合紧密,与传统骨料的相当。     

矾土基均质料在水泥窑用高铝高强耐火浇注料中的应用研究

本研究分别以Al2O3含量在80%的矾土基均质料和Al2O3含量在85%的矾土熟料作为骨料来制备水泥窑用耐火浇注料。研究了矾土基均质料和矾土熟料的理化性能,并测试分析了以这两种原料作为骨料制备水泥窑用高铝高强浇注料的性能。结果表明:⑴以矾土基均质料为骨料制备的耐火浇注料在体积密度上略低于以矾土熟料为骨料制备的耐火浇注料体积密度;⑵以矾土基均质料为骨料制备的耐火浇注料除体积密度外其它物理性能均优于以矾土熟料为骨料制备的耐火浇注料;(3)进一步证明了矾土基均质料作为骨料更加适合制备水泥窑用高铝高强耐火浇注料。     

重油直接裂解制乙烯装置用低密度浇注料的研制

采用大颗粒珍珠岩、矾土熟料、漂珠、SiO2超细粉、Al2 O3微粉为主要原料 ,以纯铝酸钙水泥为结合剂 ,研制了用于HCC装置的低密度浇注料。研究了纯铝酸钙水泥、矾土熟料、SiO2 超细粉、Al2 O3微粉的加入量对浇注料的化学组成、体积密度、耐压强度、抗折强度、烧后线变化率及施工性能的影响。结果发现 :结合剂的最佳掺入量是 2 5 % ,超过 2 5 %后 ,提高结合剂用量反而使浇注料的烧后强度下降 ;低温膨胀剂对浇注料的烧后线变化率影响非常明显 ,低温膨胀剂的最佳掺入量是 5 % ;SiO2 -Al2 O3复合微粉对浇注料烧后强度的增强效果非常显著 ,复合微粉的总量为 8% ,m(SiO2 )∶m(Al2 O3)在 1∶4～ 1∶5范围内 ,浇注料的中温强度能大幅度提高。使用证明 ,研制的低密度浇注料是一种较理想的HCC装置用衬里材料。     

废弃黏土砖的回收再利用

对某钢厂废弃黏土砖进行拣选、破碎、筛分、除铁、均化等综合再生技术得到粒度分别为8～5、5～3、3～1和1～0.5 mm的再生黏土颗粒料,再以此为骨料,以一级矾土为细粉,矾土水泥为结合剂,石英、活性氧化铝微粉、二氧化硅微粉为添加剂,研制出了高强浇注料C-1300、高铝浇注料C-1400、高强低水泥浇注料C-1450;以高铝矾土为细粉,水玻璃或矾土水泥为结合剂,石英、氟硅酸钠为添加剂,研制出了耐酸喷涂料MS、中重质喷涂料FN-130和重质喷涂料FN-140。检测结果表明:研制的6种产品性能指标优越,超过现有同类产品。废砖利用分析表明:将废弃黏土砖回收再利用,将产生较大经济效益,同时又节能环保。     

电熔陶粒砂对高铝浇注料性能的影响

采用特级矾土(粒度为5~3 mm、3~1 mm和≤1 mm)和电熔陶粒砂(≤2 mm)为骨料,特级矾土粉(≤0.088 mm)、92埃肯硅微粉和活性氧化铝微粉为细粉,Secar 71水泥为结合剂制备了高铝浇注料,研究了电熔陶粒砂的加入量(质量分数分别为0、10%、19%和28%)对高铝浇注料流动性和常温物理性能的影响,并借助SEM和EDS对试样的显微结构和物相组成进行了分析。结果表明:(1)电熔陶粒砂能显著改善高铝浇注料的流动性,有助于提高浇注料的强度,降低显气孔率和减少烧结收缩;(2)随电熔陶粒砂加入量的增加,浇注料的抗热震性先提高后降低,适宜的加入量为10%;(3)加入的电熔陶粒砂均匀地分布在浇注料基质中,经高温处理后,电熔陶粒砂与浇注料基质烧结。     

不同种类SiO2微粉对铝镁浇注料性能的影响

在低水泥系列浇注料中,使用合理的颗粒级配、合适的微粉品种及加入量,可使浇注料用水量降至 4% ~7%,并使浇注料结构致密,气孔率低,强度高,耐磨损,抗侵蚀。SiO2微粉由于其特殊的良好性能,在新一代浇注料中应用最为普遍。但由于目前市场上SiO2微粉品种较多,即使相同等级的SiO2微粉,对浇注料性能的影响也不尽相同,本工作着重研究了不同种类的SiO2微粉对铝镁浇注料性能指标的影响。1　试验1. 1　试验方案为了更好地说明不同种类的SiO2微粉对浇注料性能的影响,本试验选用SiO2微粉结合的矾土基铝镁浇注料。在已经调整好粒度级配的铝镁浇…     

矾土骨料对Al2O3-SiC-C铁沟浇注料性能的影响

为降低铁沟浇注料的原料成本,以粒度>1 mm的高铝矾土熟料GL-90和矾土均化料GL-88分别替代常规棕刚玉质Al2O3-SiC-C铁沟浇注料中>1 mm的棕刚玉颗粒,研究了这两种不同矾土骨料对铁沟浇注料的影响。结果表明:不同矾土骨料对铁沟浇注料的流动性、体积密度、强度以及抗渣侵蚀性均有不同程度的影响。相对矾土均化料而言,品位较高的高铝矾土熟料更适合作为铁沟浇注料中棕刚玉的替代品,以其为主要骨料制成的铁沟浇注料,其各项性能指标与以常规棕刚玉质铁沟浇注料的更为接近,而且在铁水温度不高、热冲击较小的中小型高炉上,这种铁沟浇注料与棕刚玉质铁沟浇注料的使用效果差别不大;而在铁水温度较高、热冲击大的高炉上,与棕刚玉质的使用效果差别较大,尤其是在撇渣器前端回旋区,应尽量使用棕刚玉质的铁沟浇注料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。