空心涡轮叶片凝胶注模陶瓷浆料的设计与制备

为获得较低的黏度、较好流动性以及高固相含量的陶瓷浆料,采用同轴圆筒旋转黏度计,测试了不同配方双峰级配电熔刚玉粉体浆料的表观黏度,研究了粉体粒径、颗粒形貌以及级配比例对浆料流动性和固相含量的影响规律.研究表明:粗细颗粒的大粒径比、规则球形、宽粒度分布有利于制备低黏度高固相含量的陶瓷浆料.成功制备了表观黏度仅为0.411 Pa·s、固相含量为63%的陶瓷浆料,制备的陶瓷铸型在1 300℃下的强度大于18 MPa,烧成收缩率小于1%.     

SiC凝胶浇注成型:不同引发剂引发浆料固化

研究了SiC凝胶浇注成型工艺中,不同引发体系引发浆料固化过程的流变特性,发现SiC粉体对丙烯酰胺(AM)自由基聚合存在阻聚作用.引发剂体系分别为过硫酸铵(APS)、过硫酸铵-四甲基乙二胺(APS-TEMED)氧化还原体系和2,2-偶氮[2-(2-咪唑啉2-基)丙烷]盐酸盐(AZIP·2HCl).3种引发剂引发的浆料固化过程中均存在阻聚作用.AZIP·2HCl引发时,阻聚作用尤为明显,浆料在120min内不能完全固化.烧结助剂的加入可降低阻聚作用对浆料固化的影响,但浆料仍需较长的时间才能完全固化.煅烧处理可消除粉体的阻聚作用,表明粉体表面的不明有机物可能是阻聚作用的原因.对比3种引发体系引发浆料固化过程的流变曲线,得出APS-TEMED是SiC凝胶浇注成型的理想引发体系的结论.     

立体光刻增材制造中固含量对Al2O3陶瓷性能的影响

对于陶瓷立体光刻增材制造技术, 光敏树脂浆料的固含量发挥着重要的作用。本工作首先制备了不同固含量的Al₂O₃陶瓷浆料, 并采用立体光刻增材制造技术, 制备了Al₂O₃陶瓷, 并研究了Al₂O₃浆料的固含量与陶瓷性能的关联关系。其次, 探索了固含量对Al₂O₃浆料的流变行为、固化性能, 以及对Al₂O₃陶瓷的微观结构、力学性能的影响规律。结果表明, 随着固含量增加, 浆料的粘度和剪切应力均增大。在光固化增材制造过程中, 高固含量导致浆料的粘度高于其自流平的临界值, 且Al₂O₃浆料的固化性能与固含量高度相关。此外, 固含量明显影响光固化增材制造的Al₂O₃陶瓷的缺陷。这些制造缺陷对于Al₂O₃陶瓷的力学性能有重要影响。最后, 本工作总结了光敏Al₂O₃浆料的流变行为、固化性能与Al₂O₃陶瓷的微观结构和力学性能之间的关联关系。浆料的高粘度造成陶瓷的微观结构不均匀, 最终导致其力学强度较差。本研究结果可为陶瓷的光固化增材制造提供一定的参考。     

注凝工艺制备二氧化锆陶瓷微球

采用注凝工艺制备二氧化锆陶瓷微球，测试了微球的性能，研究了分散剂、引发剂以及真空除泡等对浆料性质的影响。结果表明：将催化剂加入至二甲基硅油中可以避免浆料提前固化，有效延长其稳定存放时间，同时还可将浆料固化所需温度从90℃降低到50℃。采用振动分散技术可以获得尺寸分布均匀的二氧化锆陶瓷微球。     

基于光固化增材制造技术的陶瓷成形方法

目的 利用光固化增材制造技术成形复杂形状陶瓷零件。方法 以光敏树脂和陶瓷粉体混合得到氧化铝和氧化硅陶瓷浆料,浆料固体含量体积分数均超过55%。采用基于数字光处理技术的光固化增材制造设备,设计了一种栅栏式刮刀,可实现打印过程中高固含量浆料的均匀涂层和搅拌。光源波长为405 nm,面光源像素尺寸为50 μm,最小分层厚度为10 μm。在5 mW/cm2光强下分层曝光,分析在不同粉体的浆料固化性能,得到陶瓷坯体,经过脱脂烧结,完成陶瓷成形。结果 氧化硅浆料的透光性明显强于氧化铝浆料,氧化铝浆料的临界曝光强度更容易引发固化反应,测试件最小壁厚为0.2 mm,最小可成形孔为0.1 mm,并对氧化铝齿轮、螺钉、镂空摆件及氧化硅陶瓷型芯等复杂结构的陶瓷零件进行了验证。结论 基于光固化成形的增材制造可以实现高精度的复杂陶瓷零件成形,对拓展陶瓷成形方法具有重要意义。     

核用氧化锆耐火材料光固化增材制造工艺及性能研究

目的 为提高精密铸造效率,缩短制模周期,利用光固化增材制造技术制备适合活泼金属铸造用的ZrO₂陶瓷模具。方法 将光敏树脂与纳米级ZrO₂陶瓷粉体混合得到具有光固化性能的陶瓷浆料,采用数字光投影增材制造设备对陶瓷浆料进行逐层曝光,揭示不同固含量对陶瓷浆料固化性能的影响规律;利用光固化3D打印制备ZrO₂陶瓷生坯,经过干燥、脱脂和烧结处理,获得所需陶瓷样件,并对成型后的ZrO₂陶瓷进行微观组织表征、力学性能(压缩和弯曲)和抗热震性能测试。结果 在相同固化强度的基础上,随着ZrO₂陶瓷浆料固含量的增加,固化深度逐渐减小,固化宽度无明显变化。光强度越高,固化深度和宽度均越大。选用固含量(体积分数)为50%的陶瓷浆料,在紫外光波长405 nm、光强度25 mW/cm²、曝光时间2 000 ms、层厚30μm的工艺条件下制备ZrO₂陶瓷生坯,经过最高温度450℃脱脂和最高温度1 525℃烧结处理,获得了无变形和开裂的ZrO₂...     

用搅拌式旋转粘度计测水泥生料浆的流变性能

为了消除在粗分散体系中应用圆筒式旋转粘度计所存在的壁效应和沉降效应，尝试将Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ型搅拌式旋转粘度计应用于水泥生料浆系统的流变性能测试。对比试验表明：这种方法测定的数据较圆筒式旋转粘度计测定的数据重现性好，更为合理。     

粉体粒径对数字光处理3D打印金刚石复合材料性能的影响

基于数字光处理(Digital light processing,DLP) 3D打印技术的成型原理,系统探索了含不同粒径金刚石粉体的金刚石树脂浆料的流变性能、固化特性以及所制备的金刚石-树脂复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明:增大粉体粒径可以降低颗粒的比表面积与表面能量,有效减小金刚石树脂浆料的粘度,在打印成型过程中有利于提高浆料的流动性;结合Beer-Lambert模型方程可知,在相同的曝光能量下,粉体粒径越大,对应金刚石浆料的固化深度越大,在打印过程中可以提供更高的层间结合强度,但是扩展固化宽度增大,导致成型精度降低。金刚石-树脂复合材料的力学性能测试结果表明增大粉体的粒径对复合材料的邵氏硬度没有显著的影响,但是有利于提高复合材料的抗弯强度和弹性模量。本研究通过光固化3D打印技术制备了含不同粒径金刚石粉体的金刚石-树脂复合材料,可为未来光固化树脂结合剂金刚石工具的成型制备提供实验基础。     

果胶大分子在陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺中的应用研究

果胶凝胶大分子在中性和碱性水溶液中充分溶解,当溶液ｐＨ值调至４．０以下时,将发生强烈的凝胶化反应,进而形成立体网络结构的凝胶体,实现陶瓷浆料的原位凝固成型。讨论了有果胶存在时,陶瓷浆料的流变特性以及用碘酸内脂作酸度调节剂的果胶凝胶化过程。成型出表面光洁、结构致密、微观均匀性好、形状各异的陶瓷坯体。     

陶瓷微球新型直接滴定成型工艺研究

以平均粒径为0.1~0.5μm的SnO₂粉为原料,通过凝胶注模成型制备SnO₂浆料,并使用滴定针筒将浆料直接滴定于旋转的金属基超疏水表面,使SnO₂液滴在不同条件下的旋转金属基超疏水表面固化成球。研究了液滴尺寸、成型时间、固含量等因素对微球成型的影响规律,结果表明:直接滴定成型的SnO₂陶瓷微球的球形度十分理想,球形度大于常规滴定成型法,并且可成型出直径0.1~0.5 mm的陶瓷微球;微球的球形度随固含量的增加而增大,随液滴尺寸的增加而减小,随固化时间的增加而减小;当液滴尺寸调整为0.05 mm时,使用凝胶注模工艺优化后的固含量为80%的SnO₂粉浆,在60℃时干燥固化30 min,该条件下获得的SnO₂陶瓷微球具有最高球形度,可达到99.5%;微球球坯烧结前后的表面微观组织结构较为均匀,烧结后可保持完整的球体形状。      

Design of a compliant-cylinder-type fiber-optic accelerometer: theory and experiment

Experimental and theoretical research was carried out in order to establish the dependence of the performance of a compliant-cylinder-based fiber-optic accelerometer on the geometry and elastic properties of the transducer cylinders. The sensitivity and the natural frequency of the sensor were measured as a function of the ratio ε = (inner cylinder diameter)/(outer cylinder diameter). Two transducer materials with different elastic properties, a silicone rubber (Ecosil) and a polyetheretherketone polymer (PEEK 450G), were examined. It was found that with decreasing ε the sensitivity increases in the case of Ecosil and decreases in the case of PEEK. In both cases the natural frequency increases with decreasing ε. A simple analytical model was developed in order to explain this behavior qualitatively. The model takes into account the contributions to the effective stiffness from both the cylinder material and the fiber wrapped around the cylinder. The model is useful for the design of such types of accelerometer.     

结合改进单胞模型的单钉双剪层合板螺栓连接结构挤压性能的多尺度表征分析

为提高螺栓连接层合板结构的可靠性和承载能力,基于ABAQUS软件及用户子程序(USDFLD),结合改进的单胞模型,建立了考虑组分材料失效的多尺度数值模型。利用该模型表征分析了单钉双剪层合板螺栓连接结构的力学性能,研究了铺层形式及几何尺寸对连接结构性能的影响。该模型的预报结果与试验结果吻合较好。结果表明:准各向同性层合板螺栓连接结构的挤压强度高于正交各向异性层合板连接结构的挤压强度,前者的失效模式为挤压失效,后者为剪出失效,该模式导致结构承载能力降低,设计中应避免。层合板边径比大于3时,不同宽径比连接结构的挤压强度趋近稳定值;但相同边径比的连接结构,其挤压强度随宽径比的增大而增大,连接结构设计时应给予考虑。      

Investigation of fiber/matrix adhesion: test speed and specimen shape effects in the cylinder test

The cylinder test, developed from the microdroplet test, was adapted to assess the interfacial adhesion strength between fiber and matrix. The sensitivity of cylinder test to pull-out speed and specimen geometry was measured. It was established that the effect of test speed can be described as a superposition of two opposite, simultaneous effects which have been modeled mathematically by fitting two parameter Weibull curves on the measured data. Effects of the cylinder size and its geometrical relation on the measured strength values have been analyzed by finite element method. It was concluded that the geometry has a direct influence on the stress formation. Based on the results achieved, recommendations were given on how to perform the novel single fiber cylinder test.     

钢筋套筒灌浆连接性能试验研究及筒壁应力分析

完成了12个钢制套筒灌浆连接件的拉拔试验,系统研究了其破坏过程与破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线、套筒应变等,重点分析了锚固长度、钢筋直径对筒壁应力的影响。运用厚壁圆筒理论,明确套筒灌浆连接件中钢筋与灌浆料以及套筒之间的传力过程,并基于轴向拉力建立了筒壁纵、横向应力的计算模型。研究表明:套筒灌浆连接件破坏过程分为弹性、屈服、强化、颈缩四个阶段,屈服强度和极限强度与钢筋材性相近。随钢筋锚固长度增加,筒壁应力略有减小,且随着钢筋直径增加,筒壁的应力明显增大。同时,建议筒壁应力计算值与试验值吻合较好,可为钢筋套筒灌浆连接设计与研究提供借鉴。     

Hydroxyapatite spheres with controlled porosity for eye ball prosthesis: processing and characterization

Porous hydroxyapatite spheres were prepared by a modified gelcasting method producing a ceramic prosthesis with controled porosity. The spheres are approximately 2.2 cm in diameter with a relatively homogeneous pore size distribution from 10 to 40 m in diameter. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the phases both prior to and after the gelcasting process. Surface morphology analysis and porosity evaluations were performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while surface area measurements were carried out by the BET technique. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺的研究进展

以陶瓷材料的注凝成型体系为研究对象,综述了陶瓷注凝成型工艺的研究进展,介绍了陶瓷凝胶注模成型(Geleasting)工艺的基本原理、工艺流程及影响因素,并对工艺要求和特点进行了较为详尽的介绍,指出了注凝成型工艺中依然存在的问题,探讨了几种改进型凝胶注模成型工艺,最后展望了其未来的发展前景及需要注意的问题.     

Studies of the Wetting of Gaps in Weightlessness

The geometry of a thin sheet metal vane terminating near a wall in a surface tension propellant management device (PMD) is common in devices designed by various people. A research program into the capillary fluid physics of the common vane-wall gap began in 1998 with the arrival of the second author at the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Purdue University. Drop tower experiments, Surface Evolver computations, and analysis were combined to explore the details of the fluid behavior in the vane-wall gap geometry. Results of four vane-wall gap experiment topics: critical wetting, advance rates, sensitivity to vane orientation, and effect of imperfect initial conditions, are discussed here. This work led to a desire by Weislogel to incorporate this type of geometry into his “Capillary Fluids Experiment” (CFE) that operated flawlessly on the International Space Station in 2006 and 2007. It is found that the wetting of vane-wall gaps is predicted correctly through use of the critical wetting analysis of Concus and Finn. Furthermore, the dynamics of the wetting flows are found to have scaling of flow rates versus time similar to those known for capillary advances in solid corners. In some cases, a seemingly misaligned vane is found to have more rapid capillary advance than for the same vane and gap but with the vane normal to the tank wall. An initial drop tower study of sensitivity to imperfect initial conditions shows that a critical wetting flow is largely immune to small tilts in the initial test orientation but that larger errors can be seen in cases that lack critical wetting and in the measurements of the time history of the meniscus minimum point.     

Effect of process parameters on electromagnetic impact welding of aluminum sheets

Electromagnetic forming of aluminum sheets has been studied in detail by many researchers due to its advantages of increased formability and reduced springback. The feasibility of electromagnetic impact welding of aluminum sheets has been established, but the effect of process parameters on the weld strength has not been reported. The present study investigates the effect of parameters such as energy, standoff distance and coil geometry on the shearing strength and the width of the weld achieved by electromagnetic impact welding of aluminum sheets. A study has been carried out to characterize the effectiveness of the process of welding two aluminum sheets of same chemical composition and of 1 mm thickness. The results of the microstructure and shearing strength tests are reported in this paper. The shearing strength and the width of the weld are found to increase with an increase in discharge energy. Further, when the geometry of the coil is changed from rectangular shape to tapered shape, it gives higher shearing strength. The standoff distance has an optimum value that gives maximum shearing strength and width of the weld. If the standoff distance is varied on either side of its optimum value the shearing strength and the width of the weld reduce.     

Improved rotary vane expander for trans-critical CO2 cycle by introducing high-pressure gas into the vane slots

The loss of contact between the vane tip and cylinder wall was proven to cause a serious leakage and inefficient operation of the rotary vane expander, which was developed to replace the throttling valve in the trans-critical CO₂ refrigeration system. An improved structure was suggested by introducing high-pressure gas into the vane slots. This paper presents the experimental investigation of the improved prototype expander. By comparing the improved prototype with the original, focusing on the expander performance and the p-θ diagram as well as the vane movement, the effects of introducing high-pressure gas into the slots on the thermodynamic processes and performance were analyzed. The results showed that, by introducing the high-pressure gas into the vane slots, the volumetric efficiency was increased from 17% to 35%, and the isentropic efficiency improved from 15% to 45%, resulting in a maximum COP improvement of 27.2% compared to the throttling cycle under the same working conditions.     

Friction losses in rolling piston type rotary compressors. IIIPertes dues au frottement dans les compresseurs à piston rotatif. III

This paper is concerned with rolling piston type rotary compressors for air conditioners. Friction losses at the vane tip and sides and at the rolling piston bearing are analysed taking account of the kinematics of the compressor. Characteristics of the losses and the influences of design parameters on them are investigated. It is indicated that the short length/diameter configuration of the cylinder is favourable to decrease total loss but the reverse is desirable to achieve maximum reliability of the compressor.