同位素在宁夏盐池地区地下水补排关系研究中的应用

通过对水同位素成分、特征和变化规律的对比,分析了宁夏盐池地区地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件以及地下水、地表水的相互转化关系．结果表明,盐池地区地下水主要由大气降水补给,入渗前受到了蒸发作用的影响;白垩系地下水中环河组地下水循环、径流最缓慢,洛河组次之,罗汉洞组循环、径流较快和奥陶系岩溶水混入现代水最少．结果与其他勘察结果相吻合,有利于用同位素研究盐池地区地下水的分布和水质演化规律．     

关中南部地下热水氢氧 同位素组成的水文地质意义

通过对关中南部地下热水氢氧同位素组成研究,探讨了研究区地下热水的起源、补给以及有关净热水 的循环温度、循环深度、与冷水混合比例等与地下热水有关的热点问题,并与传统水文地质勘探方法进行了对比 研究。氢氧同位素研究结果表明,研究区地下热水为净热水与常温水的混合,常温水混合量达半数以上。根据 SiO2地热温标计算,净热水的热储温度为80℃～121℃,热储深度为1146.84～1779.38m。净热水的补给水源 平均气温与现代降水平均气温相差约16℃。净热水的来源为第四纪末次冰期秦岭海拔1800m以上的冰川 雪水。     

徐州市水文地质单元岩溶地下水循环系统分析

研究了徐州市岩溶地下水资源及补排关系，根据水均衡原理，分析了该区水地质单元岩溶地下水循环系统，揭示了该区岩溶地下水在不同的自然地理及地质条件下的循环规律，结果表明：徐州市水地质单元岩溶地下水循环系统是一个复杂的循环系统，整个系统既有畅流型，又有汇流型和散流型，自然地理，地层岩性及地质构造控制了徐州地区岩溶地下水的储存，运移特征与富水规律。     

基于断层影响因子与断层分维特征的断层突水危险性定量化分析

断层是诱发矿井突水事故的重要影响因素,新汶煤田受奥灰岩溶突水威胁严重,针对断层诱发突水问题,在系统总结新汶煤田矿井断层构造分布特征基础上,建立了断层对奥灰岩溶突水影响定量化分析体系。引入断层影响因子概念,对底板突水危险性进行了定量分析;采用非线性理论对煤矿地质构造发育特征进行定量化研究,揭示了矿井断层分维特征,提出了断层分维特征及其对突水影响危险性分区的原则及方法。采用断层影响因子等值线和断层分维等值线相互融合技术,得到新汶煤田协庄煤矿奥灰岩溶裂隙分布规律。根据不同单元岩溶的富水性,圈定出煤层突水危险区,对煤炭开采防治突水灾害具有指导意义。     

开封市深层地热水回灌试验分析与研究

针对开封市中心城区深层地下热水水位下降,出现降落漏斗,亟需人工补充地下水源的现状.依据该区水文地质特征,采用自然回灌方式,对地下1 200~1 400 m热储层进行人工回灌试验,监测回灌前后水位、水温及水质的变化,分析回灌对热储层的影响,计算注水渗透系数.研究结果表明,该区深层含水层回灌通畅,使用自来水回灌,对热储层水温、水质影响不明显.说明该区的深层地下水资源具有良好的回灌条件,建设回灌工程可以补充热储开采量,恢复或抬升地下水位,保持地下热水资源的可持续利用.     

百善矿区水文地球化学特征及其在矿井涌出水来源判别中的应用

百善矿区地下水系统包含三个子系统，新生界孔隙含水层组，煤系砂岩裂隙含水层组及煤系下优岩溶含水层组，通过对这三个子系统水文地球化学特征的系统研究，可以提出各子系统所特有的水质模型，并确定能作为矿井涌出水来源判别依据的水溶组分，进而给出矿井涌出水来源的化学判别模式。     

贵州卫城地热资源热储地质条件分析

贵州卫城地热资源温度高、水量大,富含对人体有益的锶、锂、氟、铁、钡、碘等微量元素及偏硅酸,通过对区域地质背景、地热区地质特征、井温数据、δD-δ¹⁸O关系、 Na-K-Mg关系调查,分析其热储地质条件。研究认为：地热水补给来源主要为大气降水,深循环加热,循环深度2 344.40 m,热储温度74.06℃;大气降水沿构造裂隙下渗,受区域大地热流加热,导致温度压力变化,形成地下冷热水循环运移环境,循环过程中水起到热传导介质作用,同时汲取围岩中的矿物质,形成富含人体有益微量元素的地热水;区内构造既具有导热导水性又具储热储水性,断裂与碳酸盐岩岩溶热储单元贯通,形成碳酸盐岩岩溶热储+带状热储环境,由于运移环境不封闭,水岩作用弱。     

潞安矿区南区水化学特征述评

从水化学角度,利用所取得的26组样品,分析论述勘察区岩溶水水化学成分形成及演化规律,全面了解勘察区岩溶水水化学组分,揭示了岩溶地下水补、迳、排条件及水质特征.     

潞安矿区南区水化学特征述评

从水化学角度,利用所取得的26组样品,分析论述勘察区岩溶水水化学成分形成及演化规律,全面了解勘察区岩溶水水化学组分,揭示了岩溶地下水补、迳、排条件及水质特征。     

山东曹县城区地热资源研究

地热能是一种新的洁净能源,地热资源的有效利用是解决当今能源耗竭的重要途径和手段。文章通过对曹县城区孔隙、岩溶裂隙型含水热储层及复合热储层赋存的分析,估算了研究区内各热储温度、地热资源总量、可利用地热资源量和地下热水的热流量,评价分析了总能量热物理性参数及地热流体的质量。结果表明:新近纪明化镇地下热水可开采量为303.53万m3/a;奥陶纪热储层地下热水可开采量为176.95万m3/a,开采年限为100 a。最有利用价值的是复合性热储层,热储类型均为层状承压型。其地热资源条件良好,开采潜力较大,地热资源利用价值高,可做进一步的开发和利用。     

Environmental Isotopes Study on Geothermal Water in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi Province

There exists abundant thermal water recourses in Guanzhong basin, Shaanxi province （northwestern China）. With the deepening of exploitation for thermal aquifer nowadays, the information about the origin and movement of thermal water is limited by using traditional methods. This paper applies environmental isotope techniques to offer direct constraints on the recharge and movement of thermal water and improve the geological and hydrogeological database in Guanzhong Basin. The research on the environmental isotopes shows that the geothermal water of the area is mainly recharged by meteoric water. The temperature of meteoric water which replenishes geothermal water in the study area is -16 ℃. The estimated age of recharging the geothermal water is 13.3-28.2 ka based on the isotope analysis, belonging to the last glacial period in Late Quaternary. The source of replenishment of the geothermal water is thought to have been derived from glacial snow-melt water with an elevation higher than 1 500 m （ASL） in the north side of Qinling Mountain. The isotopic analysis denotes that the geothermal water in the southern Guanzhong basin is the mixture of net thermal water and normal temperature groundwater. Based on calculating the percentage of the mixture, nearly half of cold groundwater had participated the circulating of the geothermal water. However, in the center part of the basin, some artificial factors such as mismanage of pumping are probably the reason for the mixturing. The temperature range of the geothermal reservoirs in the basin is estimated at about 80-121 ℃ based on calculation of both SiO2 geothermometer and thermal water saturation index, which are basically in accordance with the measured temperature of thermal water. Based on the replenishment time and mixture extent with cold water, the thermal water in the studied area can be classified into three parts： mixed thermal water replenished by modern meteoric water; mixed thermal water replenished by both modern and ancient meteoric water, and deep circulating thermal water replenished by ancient meteoric water without mixture.     

陕西关中盆地地热资源及壳幔温度结构的地球物理分析

陕西关中盆地地下热水资源丰富,是中国典型的隐伏型中、低温地热资源分布区。为研究关中盆地中、低温地热系统形成机理,认识深部热源条件,利用地球物理方法分析了该区壳幔温度结构。结果表明:计算得到的居里面平均深度为25.0 km,莫霍面平均深度为36.6 km,地壳平均地温梯度为22.60 ℃·km^-1,咸礼断阶、西安凹陷、固市凹陷地壳地温梯度高于平均值,是地热地质条件较好的构造分区。咸阳、西安之下,上地幔存在向南下倾的高温带,咸阳北侧约175 km深度是一个温度大于1 500 ℃的高温区; 其上,莫霍面、居里面上隆,形成高温基底,加热沉积地层中的地下水。富平、渭南之间,上地幔存在“下沉”低温区,低温区北、南两侧约175 km深度分别对应温度大于1 450 ℃的高温区; 高温区之上,莫霍面、居里面上隆,形成聚热中心,为地表地热资源提供稳定热源条件。总体上,关中盆地新生代潜水受莫霍面、居里面上隆带入的地幔热量传导加热,热物质随莫霍面、居里面向上抬升,是盆地中、低温地热田的深部热源。上地幔流变边界层控制研究区重要的构造活动,此边界层受周缘构造带不同动力作用,在重力均衡调整过程中,导致深大断裂活动,进而引起地壳深、浅部水体沿断裂带热对流,形成带状分布热泉。     

Geological factors controlling deep geothermal anomalies in the Qianjiaying Mine,China

Here, the geological factors controlling deep geothermal anomalies in mines were studied based on the geotemperature, lithologic thermal conductivity, and related geological data collected from the Qianjiaying Mine, China. A simulation of the change in magma waste heat, conducted using the ANSYS Workbench, revealed the distribution characteristics of geothermal anomalies in this mine and the corresponding geological control factors. The results revealed the following points. (1) First-degree heat hazard level (temperature = 31–37 ℃) occurred in the central and southwestern parts of the mine at an ~600-m depth, while second-degree heat hazard level (temperature ≥ 37 ℃) occurred at an ~800-m depth. The geotemperature and geothermal gradient in the southwestern part of the mine were anomalously high. (2) The geotemperatures measured in the mine generally reflected a standard increase with depth, while the geothermal gradient remained unchanged with depth. The geothermal gradient and its average value in the study area were 0.70–4.23 and 2.12 °C·hm⁻¹, respectively. (3) A combination of stratum characteristics, geological structure, and groundwater characteristics led to geothermal anomalies in mines; additionally, the waste heat from magma had no significant effect on the geothermal field.     

A conceptual model of the Tianjin geothermal system based on isotopic studies

The isotopic technique is an effective measure to set up the conceptual model of a hydrothermal system. A deep circular geothermal system exists in Tianjin, including the semi-open and semi-closed karst geothermal subsystem in the bedrock and closed porous water subsystem in the clastic rocks. The geothermal water is originated from the ancient precipitation of 21-10 kaBP. Since Holocene epoch, the geothermal water is sealed for heating up. The mainly feeding channels are the karst conduits in weathered carbonate rocks of Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic.

     

A conceptual model of the Tianjin geothermal system based on isotopic studies

The isotopic technique is an effective measure to set up the conceptual model of a hydrothermal system. A deep circular geothermal system exists in Tianjin, including the semi-open and semi-closed karst geothermal subsystem in the bedrock and closed porous water subsystem in the clastic rocks. The geothermal water is originated from the ancient precipitation of 21-10 kaBP. Since Holocene epoch, the geothermal water is sealed for heating up. The mainly feeding channels are the karst conduits in weathered carbonate rocks of Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic.     

贵州省铜仁地区地下热水的水化学特征研究

对铜仁地区地下热水的水化学特征进行了研究,得出以下结论:铜仁地区地下热水主要以低温地热水为主,水化学类型以HCO3- Ca、SO4- Ca和HCO3- SO4- Ca型为主.铜仁地区地下热水水质很好,绝大多数可以作用饮用水水源,部分水点可做为锶型矿泉水开发利用.铜仁地区地下热水化学成分是在地下水深循环中水岩相互作用的结...     

松辽盆地地壳热结构与深部热源条件

松辽盆地是中国中低温地热能的重点地热资源区。利用最新地震成像资料,结合重、磁、地热观测数据及盆地构造演化与地幔热流关系,计算分析了松辽盆地深、浅地层热量配分比例,莫霍面与居里面深度,盆地生热率结构。结果表明:①松辽盆地浅部地壳的地温场以传导传热为主; ②盆地中心莫霍面上隆,但上地幔热流处于衰减回落状态,上地幔供热不足导致莫霍面温度相对周缘要低; ③盆地中心居里面较深,与上地幔热松弛相关; 居里面之上,受花岗岩较高放射性生热率影响,地温梯度较高; 居里面之下,受地幔热流衰减回落影响,地温梯度下降。综上所述,中央坳陷区上地幔处于热流衰减的热松弛阶段,其对地表热流贡献小于上地壳放射性生热对地表热流的贡献,松辽盆地中部地表热异常成因主要是地壳上部的花岗岩放射性生热。     

Energy efficiency performance of multi-energy district heating and hot water supply system

A district heating and hot water supply system is presented which synthetically utilizes geothermal energy, solar thermal energy and natural gas thermal energy. The multi-energy utilization system has been set at the new campus of Tianjin Polytechnic University (TPU). A couple of deep geothermal wells which are 2 300 m in depth were dug. Deep geothermal energy cascade utilization is achieved by two stages of plate heat exchangers (PHE) and two stages of water source heat pumps (WSHP). Shallow geothermal energy is used in assistant heating by two ground coupled heat pumps (GCHPs) with 580 vertical ground wells which are 120 m in depth. Solar thermal energy collected by vacuum tube arrays (VTAs) and geothermal energy are complementarily utilized to make domestic hot water. Superfluous solar energy can be stored in shallow soil for the GCHP utilization. The system can use fossil fuel thermal energy by two natural gas boilers (NGB) to assist in heating and making hot water. The heating energy efficiency was measured in the winter of 2010-2011. The coefficients of performance (COP) under different heating conditions are discussed. The performance of hot water production is tested in a local typical winter day and the solar thermal energy utilization factor is presented. The rusults show that the average system COP is 5.75 or 4.96 under different working conditions, and the typical solar energy utilization factor is 0.324.     

化学刺激技术在干热岩储层改造中的应用与最新进展

干热岩是一种没有水(或含有少量水而不流动)的高温(>180 ℃)岩体,多为变质岩或花岗岩,岩性致密,很少存在孔隙或裂隙,渗透性极差。增强型地热系统(Enhanced Geothermal System,EGS)是利用水力压裂、化学刺激等措施形成人工地热储层,通过注入载热流体从低渗透性干热岩中经济有效地开采出热能的人工地热开采系统,是开发干热岩型地热资源的有效方法。增强型地热系统成功的关键在于可控性良好的储层改造手段,化学刺激即为储层改造常用的方法之一。通过回顾国内外有关增强型地热系统储层改造中化学刺激技术研究的最新成果,总结了实际应用化学刺激技术的增强型地热系统工程经验。结果表明:增强型地热系统中采用的化学刺激剂多数为酸性化学刺激剂,其中螯合酸具有阻垢性、缓速性、催化性、二次沉淀少、腐蚀性弱等优点,能够实现深穿透、低伤害的储层激发; 单一的碱性化学刺激剂(NaOH和Na₂CO₃)的室内实验结果较为理想,但是场地应用效果并不令人满意,添加了NTA、EDTA等螯合剂的碱性化学刺激剂可减少次生沉淀的生成,从而取得良好的储层改造效果。最后,针对青海共和盆地正在开展的干热岩开发示范工程项目,提出热刺激和碱性化学刺激联合的储层刺激工艺,该工艺有可能在深部高温岩体中产生改造体积更大的地热储层,提高储层改造的效果。