Flux-Weakening Regime Operation of an Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

The interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor is compatible with extended-speed-range constant-power operation by means of flux-weakening control. Flux weakening uses stator current components to counter the fixed-amplitude magnetic airgap flux generated by the rotor magnets, performing a role similar to field weakening in a separately excited dc motor. The nature of current regulator saturation caused by the finite inverter dc source voltage is described, marked by premature torque and power degradation at high speeds in the absence of flux-weakening control. This is followed by presentation of a new flux-weakening control algorithm developed as a modification of an established feedforward IPM torque control algorithm described previously in the literature. Attractive features of this new algorithm include smooth drive transitions into and out of the flux-weakening mode, fast response, as well as automatic adjustment to changes in the dc source voltage. Simulation and empirical test results from a 3-hp laboratory IPM motor drive are used to confirm the constant-power operating envelope achieved using the new flux-weakening control algorithm.     

增程式电动车用永磁同步电机弱磁控制仿真研究

考虑到增程式电动车(EREV)电驱动系统的特点和特殊要求,在永磁同步电机数学模型的基础上,研究了永磁同步电机的弱磁控制原理及其控制策略。在基速以下,采用最大转矩/电流控制(MTPA),使电机运行于恒转矩区,以获得最大电磁转矩;当转速增至基速后,则采用弱磁控制策略,以拓宽电机的调速范围,实现高速恒功率运行。在Matlab/Simulink中,基于电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术对永磁同步电机弱磁控制系统进行了建模仿真,验证了该弱磁控制算法正确性。     

基于多模式SVPWM算法的永磁同步牵引电机弱磁控制策略

弱磁控制技术可以降低逆变器的容量、拓宽调速范围,对提高轨道交通永磁同步牵引系统的性能有着重要而现实的意义。性能优异的调制方式更能保证弱磁系统输出良好的控制性能,而大功率传动系统开关器件的开关频率较低,使得传统的空间电压矢量异步调制方法已不能满足控制策略需要,本文在分析空间电压矢量多模式调制算法原理以及永磁同步电机弱磁原理的基础上,提出了新型的基于多模式空间电压矢量调制算法的永磁同步牵引电机弱磁控制策略,保证永磁同步牵引电机弱磁控制系统能充分利用开关频率,且在异步调制和分段同步调制段都具有良好的输出特性,仿真和试验验证了本方案的可行性和有效性。     

Novel Antiwindup of a Current Regulator of a Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Motor for Flux-Weakening Control

This paper proposes a novel antiwindup method of current regulator for the drive system of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor at flux-weakening region. It is designed in conjunction with the synchronous-frame proportional and integral current regulator and the space vector pulse width modulation. The difference between the regulator output voltage and the saturated voltage on the$q$-axis of the regulator is used for flux-weakening control, which modifies the$d$-axis current reference. With this method, the antiwindup and the flux-weakening control can be achieved simultaneously. Since the proposed method utilizes the dc-link voltage more efficiently, it makes the motor generate higher output torque than the conventional antiwindup and/or flux-weakening control methods under the same voltage and current limitation. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by computer simulations and experiments.     

一种带自动弱磁装置的混合式转子永磁同步电机设计与研究

针对传统永磁电机内部磁场难以灵活调整的问题,提出了一种带自动调磁机械装置的混合式转子结构永磁同步电机。分别介绍了混合式转子结构电机和附加的机械自动调磁装置,并分析了电机运行原理。通过有限元仿真和机械动力学分析研究了电机在不同运行状态下,气隙磁密、空载反电势、转速-转矩关系以及机械装置的齿轮旋转角度等,验证了机械调磁装置的可行性与可靠性。结果表明该电机具有良好的磁场调节能力,为混合动力汽车驱动电机设计与恒压发电提供参考。     

永磁同步风力发电系统输出功率最佳控制

讨论了内嵌式永磁同步变速风力发电系统输出功率最大的控制方法.为了从风中获得的功率最大,对IPMSG采用最大功率点跟踪(MPTT)控制,根据发电机速度来控制发电机的转矩.同时控制IPMSG电流矢量以降低发电机损耗,使输出功率最大.电压极限时使用弱磁控制.在高速区域,变换器控制从正弦PWM控制转换到六脉冲方波运行以增加输出功率.试验结果证明了该控制方法的效果.     

新型的内嵌式永磁同步电机弱磁转速控制

在基本转矩前馈控制系统的基础上,提出了一种新型的永磁同步电机的弱磁控制算法。由于电流调节器的饱和使得定子电流进入弱磁控制,因此在这种新的弱磁控制算法的基础上,设计出一种新的定子电流误差观测器用以辨识电流调节器的饱和情况。另外,在弱磁区利用转速观测器观测定子电流变化,利用差值控制器以达到使定子电流矢量由常规的弱磁控制轨迹转向最大输出的电压极限轨迹（VLMO）的目的。仿真结果表明：相应产生的VLMO控制模式能够优化弱磁控制策略,控制算法能有效实现弱磁控制下的转速调节。     

A direct torque-controlled interior permanent magnet synchronousmotor drive incorporating field weakening

This paper presents a new control scheme for wide speed range operation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives, where both torque and stator flux linkage are directly controlled. The proposed scheme possesses some attractive features when compared to the conventional current-controlled drives. Current controllers followed by pulsewidth modulation or hysteresis comparators and coordinate transformation are not used. This eliminates the delays through these networks and offers the possibility of dispensing with the rotor position sensor for the electronic commutator, if the initial rotor position is known only approximately. The scheme incorporates all the usual control regimes, such as the maximum torque per ampere operation in constant torque region, the flux-weakening region, and operates the drive within the voltage and current limits of the motor/inverter. The control scheme has been verified by simulation and experimental tests with a prototype interior magnet motor. This paper describes the scheme in detail, followed by results of its implementation     

调速型永磁同步电机参数优化设计的一种图形化方法

从控制角度出发,提出了一种图形化的永磁同步电机设计方法.根据给定的额定电压、电流等指标,可以在图形中直接得到三个关键参数:永磁体磁链、直轴电抗、交轴电抗.对两种典型工况:弱磁型与非弱磁型进行了分析,理论分析结果分别以三维图形和列表的方式表示.本文的永磁同步电机设计方法结合了电流矢量控制,着眼于提高包括逆变器在内的整个系统的利用率.针对不同实际要求,该方法为永磁同步电机设计参数的初步优选提供了一个新途径,具有直观、简便快捷以及实用针对性强等优点,理论结果经过了与实际样机的对比,证明该方法是有效与合理的.     

Speed control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drivefor the flux weakening operation

A novel flux-weakening scheme for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is proposed. This is implemented based on the output of the synchronous PI current regulator-reference voltage to the PWM inverter. The onset of flux weakening and the flux level are adjusted inherently by the outer voltage regulation loop to prevent saturation of the current regulator. Attractive features of this flux weakening scheme include no dependency on the machine parameters. The guarantee of current regulation at any operating condition, and smooth and fast transition into and out of the flux weakening mode. Experimental results at various operating conditions including the case of detuned parameters are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme     

混合励磁同步电机新型矢量控制算法研究

在速度分区控制的基础上提出一种混合励磁电机矢量控制算法,该方法综合考虑了负载转矩、励磁电流及母线电压对弱磁基速的影响,在线动态计算弱磁基速。在弱磁区,保持气隙合成反电势恒定,利用励磁电流和d轴电流共同弱磁升速。采用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件建立混合励磁同步电机控制系统,对所提算法进行验证。仿真结果表明该算法可实现混合励磁电机低速大转矩和高速宽调速范围运行。     

双三相永磁同步电机合成电压矢量直接转矩控制

针对传统多相电机的直接转矩控制算法在运行过程中存在转矩脉动和大量电流谐波的问题,提出了一种基于合成电压矢量的改进直接转矩控制算法。利用双三相永磁同步电机电压矢量丰富的特点,结合高阶滞环控制器的优点,在电机运行时减小转矩脉动。以电压矢量在谐波平面的电压分量等于零为约束条件,构造三组合成电压矢量。使用合成电压矢量替代传统电压矢量,达到降低电流谐波的效果。仿真结果表明,改进的直接转矩算法可以有效减小谐波电流和转矩脉动,具有良好的运行性能。     

Six-step Voltage Control of PM Brushless AC Motors under High Speed Flux-weakening Operation for EV/HEV Applications

The torque-speed characteristics of brushless motor having an interior permanent magnet rotor and a sinusoidal back-emf waveform are compared experimentally when it is operated in brushless AC(BLAC) mode and brushless DC (BLDC) modes with both 2-phase,120° conduction(BLDC-120) and 3-phase,180° conduction(BLDC-180).Particular emphasis is on high-speed,six-step voltage controlled,flux-weakening operation.It is shown that for EV/HEV applications,even for interior PM brushless motors which have sinusoidal back-emf waveforms,in order to achieve maximum torque per ampere capability over wide operation speed range,it is advantageous to employ a hybrid operation mode-BLAC operation in the constant torque region and six-step voltage control(BLDC-180 operation,together with current phase control) in the flux-weakening region.     

永磁直线同步电动机矢量控制位置伺服系统

针对永磁直线同步电动机位置伺服系统,提出磁场定向矢量控制下的三环直线伺服控制结构,实现参考位置信号的跟踪控制。详细分析了位置调节器、速度调节器、电流调节器、坐标变换器及电压空间矢量脉宽调制器的结构及数学模型。完成直线伺服系统控制电路、功率驱动主电路、检测电路、人机界面、辅助电源电路的硬件设计及相关软件设计。实验结果表明,该直线伺服系统具有良好的位置跟踪性能。     

双三相永磁同步电机在混合储能系统中的转矩分配控制策略

针对电动汽车航能力差、电机控制不稳定的问题,将双三相永磁同步电机应用于电动汽车上,并设计了一种基于混合储能系统(HESS)的多相电机转矩分配控制策略。首先,利用矢量控制方式对永磁同步电机转矩与定子磁通之间的关系进行分析,得出转矩矢量表达式。其次,基于磁通和转矩的增量,提出了绕组去耦补偿、磁通观测和参数辨识方法,通过磁通参考值与磁通观测器之间的误差计算电压参值。最后,采用Matlab/Simulink软件对所提出的永磁同步电机控制系统进行仿真实验与分析。仿真结果表明:在所提控制策略下,系统负载转矩具有较强的抗干扰能力和良好的稳态性能;且具良好的电流控制效果,可在允许范围内逐步减弱至平衡状态。     

Interior permanent magnet linear synchronous motor forhigh-performance drives

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motors have been developed for factory automation, transportation applications, and so on. In the rotary-type permanent magnet synchronous machines, the wide speed and constant power operation are realized by using the reluctance torque due to the saliency and the flux-weakening control. In this paper, we examine the effect of the interior permanent magnet arrangement for wide speed operation and the end effect in the linear structure     

汽车ISA用PMSM DTC研究

为了提高汽车ISA用永磁同步电机的起动速度,并降低磁链和转矩脉动,提出直接转矩控制策略。在定子磁链旋转坐标系下,把影响磁链和转矩的电压分量进行解耦,通过比例控制器获得所需的电压矢量分量,然后应用空间电压矢量调制方法控制逆变器。该策略的比例调节电压环节易于实现,空间电压矢量调制方法则保证了功率器件的开关频率恒定。仿真和实验结果表明:该控制方式在保证系统具有良好动态性能的同时,稳态性能得到了较大提高,磁链和转矩脉动明显减小。     

永磁同步电动机模糊控制系统的研究

介绍一种基于矢量控制的永磁同步电动机系统,该系统的速度控制器采用模糊控制和PI控制相结合的控制策略,电流调节器采用PI控制策略,同时将矢量控制和电压空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）控制应用到系统的闭环控制中。通过实验及长时间运行结果表明,该系统具有转速超调小、响应快和鲁棒性强的特点。     

基于恒定开关频率的内置式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制方法

针对传统直接转矩控制方法存在着开关频率不恒定和转矩脉动较大的问题,采用了一种基于恒定开关频率的内置式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制方法,该方法由一个PI调节器和一个三角波载波器组成,通过比较PI转矩调节器的输出与固定频率载波信号,实现了逆变器开关频率恒定,从而有效降低了电机运行中的转矩脉动和改善了电流畸变;并对所提出的转矩调节器提供了详细的数学建模过程和小信号稳定性分析。仿真结果表明该算法在保持快速动态响应的前提下,可有效改善内置式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统的稳态运行性能,同时系统的开关频率保持近似恒定。     

改进型永磁同步电机有限控制集模型预测速度控制

永磁同步电机传统有限集模型预测速度控制策略中电压矢量方向固定,可选矢量范围具有一定局限性,输出电压的突然变化,会导致电流纹波较大。因此,提出了一种基于电压细分的有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)直接速度控制策略。所提策略在FCS-MPC方案中引入了一组具有可调振幅和可移动原点特征的有限电压细分矢量作为候选电压,同时为了获得更准确的电流预测,使用了双线性变换(即Tustin变换)积分近似。该控制器能够预测未来电流和速度,并使用脉宽调制输出最佳细分电压。采用两电平三相逆变器驱动的永磁同步电机进行仿真验证结果表明,与传统的FCS-MPC方案相比,所提策略有效地减小了电流纹波,拓宽了电压矢量选择的范围,同时提高了电机鲁棒性。