芳纶纤维复合材料界面粘结性能研究

为了改善芳纶纤维复合材料的界面粘结性能,从自制树脂基体入手,针对芳纶纤维的结构特点,合成了一种新型树脂(AFR)作为基体,制备了芳纶/AFR复合材料.通过宏观力学、微观力学以及接触角测试等方法研究了AFR树脂与芳纶纤维之间的界面粘结性能.结果表明:AFR树脂对芳纶纤维的浸润性好,单丝拔出强度高,复合材料的横向拉伸强度及层间剪切强度高,这说明芳纶纤维与AFR树脂之间具有良好的界面粘结性能.     

碳纤维表面处理对C/PLA复合材料界面粘结强度的影响(Ⅱ)

对硝酸表面处理前后碳纤维增强聚乳酸（Ｃ／ＰＬＡ）复合材料的界面状态进行了研究。重点研究了碳纤维的硝酸表面处理对Ｃ／ＰＬＡ复合材料界面粘结强度的影响以及粘结机理。研究表明,硝酸表面处理可使复合材料的界面粘结强度大幅度增加,复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和剪切强度亦有不同程度的提高。ＸＰＳ研究发现,央纤维与ＰＬＡ基体间有化学反应发生。界面化学反应程度的增加是复合材料界面粘结强度提高的主要原因;此外,碳纤维表面粗糙度的增加也对界面粘结强度的提高有一定的贡献。     

高性能有机纤维单丝复合体系界面粘结性能实验研究

采用单丝复合体系多次断裂法,通过对纤维单丝断点数的统计及其断点形貌的分析,考察了PBO纤维、芳纶Twaron纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)3种高性能有机纤维与韧性环氧基体的界面剪切强度;并对比考察了界面剪切强度与对应复合材料单向板层间剪切强度之间的关系;结合XPS、SEM等手段分析了有机纤维表面物理化学特性对界面剪切强度的影响。结果表明,Twaron/环氧的界面剪切强度高于PBO/环氧,UHMWPE/环氧的界面粘结弱,该方法不能测试;上述体系界面剪切强度与对应的复合材料单向板层间剪切强度变化趋势是一致的;表面化学活性高的纤维对应的界面剪切强度高。     

非晶态合金带增强聚合物基复合材料的研究

本文研究了超高强的非晶态合金带增强高性能聚合物的复合材料.通过对非晶态合金带进行合适的表面化学处理,可以提高其复合材料的粘结强度:同时本文应用复合材料的剪切强度来研究非晶态合金带增强复合材料的粘结性能.用扫描电镜(SEM)微观分析技术分析研究了经过表面处理前后的非晶态合金带增强的复合材料的表面和界面.     

紫外线辐照对聚丙烯化学组成及复合材料界面的影响

研究了经紫外线照的聚丙烯的化学组成,表征了以辐照ＰＰ作为界面相容剂的玻纤／ＰＰ复合材料的界面结合强度和界面粘结状态。结果表明,紫外线辐照可在ＰＰ分子链上引入Ｃ－Ｏ－Ｃ,Ｃ－ＯＨ,Ｃ＝Ｏ,ＣＯＯＨ等含氧基团;辐照ＰＰ作为界面相容剂,能改善ＰＰ与玻纤间界面粘结状况,明显提高复合材料的层间剪切强度。     

酚醛树脂表面处理剂对炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料界面强度的影响

采用酚醛树脂作为炭纤维表面处理剂, 可以显著提高多种炭纤维和环氧树脂界面强度。通过XPS、AFM、SEM和层间剪切强度等方法, 研究了不同浓度的酚醛树脂表面处理剂对炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料层间剪切强度、炭纤维表面元素和化学键组成的影响, 以及炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料断面微观形貌的变化。XPS和AFM分析结果表明酚醛树脂和炭纤维表面发生了化学反应, 而且酚醛树脂处理剂浓度越高, 和炭纤维表面发生反应的基团也越多, 表面越光滑平整, SEM和层间剪切强度研究表明酚醛树脂处理后的复合材料界面粘结性能得到很大的改善, 而且界面粘结性能强烈依靠处理剂浓度。      

组合混凝土界面粘结性能多因素正交试验分析

组合混凝土叠合构件通过在预制陶粒混凝土部件上现浇普通混凝土而制成,兼具预制结构的施工方便和工期较短、现浇结构的整体性能和抗震性能良好等优点;同时,可充分发挥两种不同混凝土材料各自的性能优势.为分析叠合浇筑间隔时间、混凝土强度等级匹配、浇筑结合面处理方式、钢纤维掺入及附加法向约束力等因素对组合混凝土叠合界面粘结性能的显著影响,本工作设计制作了40组双面直剪组合混凝土试块进行正交试验分析.试验结果表明:附加法向约束力的施加对叠合界面粘结剪切强度的影响高度显著,法向力的增加可明显提高粘结剪切强度;次之,影响程度相接近的为混凝土强度等级匹配及结合面处理方式,在试验所考虑变化范围内,混凝土强度等级的提高可有效改善叠合界面粘结剪切强度,露骨料剂处理方式相比较人工凿毛、粉煤灰砂浆涂刷及自然浇筑面等具有更好的粘结剪切性能;而混凝土内钢纤维的掺入对叠合界面粘结剪切性能的影响不显著.不同浇筑界面处理方式下,随着浇筑间隔时间的延长,界面粘结剪切强度均发生较明显的、规律近似相同的降低变化;当叠合浇筑间隔时间从10 h变化到28 d,在粉煤灰砂浆涂刷、人工凿毛与露骨料剂不同处理方式下,界面粘结剪切强度分别降低为原强度的43.4％、48.1％和46.2％.在不同浇筑间隔时间情况下,露骨料剂处理方式可获得比人工凿毛处理和自然浇筑状态方式下相对较好的界面粘结剪切性能.     

NiTi纤维表面处理及其树脂基复合材料的界面特性

NiTi纤维表面呈惰性,表面能低,NiTi纤维与树脂间界面粘结性差.为了提高界面性能,采用硅烷偶联剂、表面涂层和低温冷等离子体技术等方法对NiTi纤维表面进行处理,改善纤维表面的浸润性,达到纤维与树脂界面良好的粘结.对复合材料进行界面剪切强度的测定,并利用扫描电镜观察拔脱纤维表面形貌的变化.研究表明:NiTi纤维经不同方法处理后,纤维的浸润性和界面的粘结强度均有不同程度的改变,其中冷等离子体处理的纤维再经硅烷处理,其复合材料IFSS提高2.94倍,ILSS提高1.45倍,且纤维与树脂粘合较好.     

碳纤维布加固混凝土结构疲劳特性试验研究

首次提出了界面剪切疲劳试验的新方法,借此研究了疲劳荷载作用下的碳纤维与混凝土粘结界面间的抗疲劳性能。并基于弹性理论,得出剪切变形条件下与弯曲变形条件下的碳纤维与混凝土界面间粘结剪应力的计算公式是相同的结论。因此用界面剪切疲劳试验代替弯曲疲劳试验去考察碳纤维与混凝土界面间粘结强度的疲劳性具有更高的精度和效率。同时试验结果表明:在应力比R=0.2条件下,碳纤维布与混凝土界面间的极限粘结疲劳强度约是其静粘结强度的64%,可见在疲劳荷载的作用下,碳纤维布与混凝土界面间的粘结强度将下降,因此在碳纤维加固的混凝土梁的设计中,应重视疲劳荷载导致的界面粘结强度降低的问题,并且设计时应对粘结剪切强度赋予一定的安全系数。     

臭氧处理对石墨纤维复合材料性能的影响

为改善石墨纤维和氰酸酯树脂间的界面性能,利用臭氧处理技术对石墨纤维进行表面处理,并采用AFM、XPS和IR对处理前后的石墨纤维表面形貌和组成进行了分析,研究了臭氧处理对石墨纤维/氰酸酯复合材料层间剪切强度和弯曲强度的影响.实验结果表明:臭氧处理提高了碳纤维表面活性,从而改善了石墨纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的界面粘结性能,进而改善了复合材料的界面和力学性能.     

纤维／聚合物基体界面性能的原位表征

建立了复合材料界面强度原位测试系统，研制出界面剪切强度有限元分析软件并探讨了影响界面剪应力分析的因素，提出了改进的微观力学模型；利用该系统，研究了表面经不同改性处理的ＣＦ增强ＰＭＲ—１５聚酰亚胺复合材料界面的微观力学性能，结果表明：有效的表面处理可使ＣＦ／ＰＭＲ—１５界面剪切强度明显提高，并与其宏观性能具有较好的对应趋势。本文还初步探讨了界面破坏的过程。     

纤维/聚合物基体界面性能的原位表征

建立了复合材料界面强度原位测试系统,研制出界面剪切强度有限元分析软件并探讨了影响界面剪应力分析的因素,提出了改进的微观力学模型;利用该系统,研究了表面经不同改性处理的CF增强PMR-15聚酰亚胺复合材料界面的微观力学性能,结果表明:有效的表面处理可使CF/PMR-15界面剪切强度明显提高,并与其宏观性能具有较好的对应趋势。本文还初步探讨了界面破坏的过程。     

Moisture diffusion and hygrothermal aging in bismaleimide matrix carbon fiber composites—part I: uni-weave composites

Moisture diffusion and hygrothermal aging in uni-weave bismaleimide composites were systematically studied in this research. The moisture weight gain curves of the composites were compared with those of the neat resin in order to determine the interface effect on moisture absorption. Both the neat resin and composites display similar two-stage diffusion behavior, with the first and second stages being diffusion- and relaxation-controlled, respectively. When the diffusivities of the composites were compared to theoretical predications of an appropriate mathematical model, it is found that the fiber-matrix interface has little effect on the short term moisture diffusion. However, the long term absorption is suppressed in the composites. The rigid fiber–matrix interface seems to constrain long-range segmental motions of the matrix and in so doing reduce water absorption in the relaxation-controlled second stage. Although the fiber–matrix bonding is initially very strong, prolonged water absorption at elevated temperatures eventually damage the interface and causes interfacial cracking.     

EVALUATION OF INTERFACIAL SHEAR PROPERTIES OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES FROM FIBRE PUSH-OUT TESTS

SUMMARY

Fibre push-out test is commonly used to characterize the fibre-matrix interfacial behaviour. In the case of metallic and intermetallic matrix composites (MMCs and IMCs), the presence of high levels of thermal residual stresses, very small thickness of the specimens and ductility of the matrix material make the interpretation of the test results difficult. In this paper, single fibre push-out test is studied using finite element methods, with the objective of extracting interfacial properties from the experimental test results. The fibre-matrix interface is modelled using a contact-friction formulation, and debonding of the interface is predicted using a failure criterion based on the local stress state at the interface. Load versus displacement behaviour of the push-out tests is numerically simulated as a function of different interfacial strengths. The data is then used to generate a calibration curve to predict the actual interfacial properties for a given experimentally measured peak push-out load. SiC/Ti-15-3 MMC is used as the model material for the evaluation of interfacial shear properties at different temperatures.     

循环湿热环境下碳纤维复合材料界面性能

为研究循环湿热环境对CCF300/5405复合材料体系界面性能的影响,首先对该体系循环吸湿—脱湿行为进行研究,其次分析湿热环境下层间剪切强度的变化,最后采用扫描电镜观察纤维/基体界面的微观形貌.研究结果表明:CCF300/5405体系吸湿处理后,纤维与基体间界面遭到水分破坏,产生大量空隙和裂纹,使得水分的扩散速率明显增加,吸湿率增大,且这种破坏不可逆;吸湿之后材料层间剪切强度下降,烘干之后可以恢复到近于自然干态水平;相对于水分对复合材料的不可逆破坏,可逆破坏对层间剪切强度值减小的贡献更大.     

Investigation of the long term effects of moisture on carbon fibre and epoxy matrix composites

The aim of this work is to investigate the long term effects of moisture on the interface between a carbon fibre and an epoxy matrix. High modulus carbon fibres were used to prepare single fibre model composites based on an epoxy resin. The samples were immersed in the seawater and demineralised water and their moisture uptake behaviour was monitored. The equilibrium moisture content and diffusion coefficients for the samples were determined. DSC has been used to analyse the moisture effects on glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the pure epoxy specimens. These results showed a reduction in the glass transition temperature (T_g) after moisture absorption. Tensile tests were also carried out for the epoxy specimens and a general decrease in the mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix was observed. Raman spectroscopy was used to observe the effects of moisture on the axial strain of the carbon fibre within the composite and stress transfer at the interface as a function of exposure time. The results show that the decrease in the mechanical and interfacial properties of the model composites under the seawater immersion is more significant than under demineralised water immersion.     

Influence of moisture absorption on the interfacial strength of bamboo/vinyl ester composites

Moisture absorption is a major concern for natural fibers used as reinforcement in structural composites. This paper reports a detailed study on the moisture sorption characteristics of bamboo strips and their influence on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of bamboo/vinyl ester composite. The IFSS determined by pull-out test decreased dramatically as the fabrication humidity increased. The bamboo strips provide a reservoir of moisture which diffuses into the interfacial region and inhibits the hardening of vinyl ester matrix. The interface of the bamboo/vinyl ester composite can also be damaged due to moisture exposure after fabrication. Post-fabrication exposure of composites to moisture was found to be less damaging than the moisture exposure during the composite fabrication. The IFSS of the composite decreased by nearly 40% in the first 9 d of water immersion. Further immersion up to 100 d did not cause any further reduction in interfacial shear strength.     

Micromechanical analysis of fiber and titanium matrix interface by shear lag method

The model based on fracture mechanics is developed to evaluate the fracture toughness Γ of the fiber/matrix interface in titanium alloys reinforced by SiC monofilaments. Theoretical model for single fiber push-out testing is obtained by shear-lag method. The influences of several key factors (such as the applied stress needed for crack advance, crack length, and interfacial frictional shear stress) are discussed. Using the model, the interfacial toughness of typical composites including Sigma1240/Ti-6-4, SCS-6/Ti-6-4, SCS-6/Timetal 834, SCS-6/Timetal 21s, SCS-6/Ti-24-11 and SCS-6/Ti-15-3 are successfully predicted compared with previous results of these composites. It is verified that the model can reliably predict the interfacial toughness of the titanium matrix composites as well as other metal matrix composites, due to interfacial debonding usually occurs at the bottom face of the samples in such composites.     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的界面研究进展

碳纳米管以其稳定的结构、优异的力学性能,成为复合材料的理想增强相。其增强效果受多方面因素影响,界面是决定其增强效果的关键因素之一,也是金属基复合材料的研究重点。简要介绍了碳纳米管增强铝基(CNTs/Al)复合材料的界面结合机制及界面对复合材料性能的影响,评述了热膨胀系数、制备方法、碳纳米管纯度等多种因素对CNTs/Al复合材料界面的影响,并提出了改善界面的方法。     

Role of a gradient interface layer in interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber/epoxy hierarchical composites

To improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibers/epoxy composites, we introduced a gradient interphase reinforced by graphene sheets between carbon fibers and matrix with a liquid phase deposition strategy. Interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength of the composites are both improved. The interfacial reinforcing mechanisms are explored by analyzing the structure of interfacial phase with linear scanning system of scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. Results indicate that carbon element shows a graded dispersion in the interface region and a gradient interface layer with the modulus decreasing from fibers and matrix is found to be built. To verify the effect of gradient interphase on the interfacial properties of composites, the mixture of carbon fiber/graphene/epoxy is sonicated before curing to disperse graphene sheets in matrix homogeneously. As a result, gradient interphase structures are disappeared and interfacial performance of composites is found to be weakened. The role of gradient interface layers in enhancing interfacial performances is further proved from a different angle.