羊毛纤维的无氯防毡缩整理

氯化法是羊毛防毡缩处理的主要方法,但含氯化合物的排放会产生AOX,对环境构成威胁.过氧乙酸被认为是环保型氧化剂,文章探讨了采用过氧乙酸剥除鳞片层的可行性.通过实验,系统地考察了过氧乙酸浓度、pH值、时间、温度等因素对剥除鳞片效果和对毛干强损的影响;并利用正交试验法确定了防毡缩处理的最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明,过氧乙酸能够有效地剥除鳞片,防止毡缩,其最佳工艺为:过氧乙酸浓度4g/L,pH值6,处理时间45 min,处理温度45℃.     

聚酰胺酯/棉混纺织物的漂白工艺

聚酰胺酯纤维与生俱来的黄色外观造成聚酰胺酯/棉混纺织物难以达到漂白产品和浅色产品的质量要求,必须进行漂白处理。选取过氧乙酸作为漂白剂,从漂白时间、温度、pH值以及过氧乙酸质量浓度4个方面进行单因素试验,比较优化过氧乙酸工艺与过氧化氢漂白工艺的漂白效果。结果表明,过氧乙酸对混纺织物具有很好的漂白效果,优化工艺为:过氧乙酸10g/L(质量分数15%),漂白温度100℃,漂白时间60min,pH值3左右。     

脂肪酶-过氧乙酸对羔羊毛的改性处理

介绍了使用脂肪酶、过氧乙酸、过氧化氢酶对羔羊毛进行改性处理,并对实验结果进行了正交分析,得出了羔羊毛脂肪酶-过氧乙酸改性处理的最佳工艺:过氧乙酸质量浓度为4 g/L;处理溶液pH值5,温度35℃,时间35 min.研究表明,过氧乙酸质量浓度、处理液pH值、处理时间和温度对羔羊毛的拉伸强度和摩擦性能有不同程度的影响,特别是温度、过氧乙酸质量浓度2个因素对羔羊毛拉伸强度、摩擦性能影响较大.     

棉及其混纺织物过氧乙酸前处理的研究

过氧乙酸具有较高的氧化电位,被认为是环保型氧化剂。以过氧乙酸为主剂,用于棉及其混纺织物短流程前处理,系统地研究了pH值、浓度、时间和温度等对前处理效果的影响,通过正交试验来优化工艺条件,获得了较满意的前处理效果。     

亚麻/羊毛混纺纱的过氧乙酸漂白工艺

利用生态漂白剂过氧乙酸对亚麻/羊毛混纺纱的漂白工艺进行了探讨.在过氧乙酸质量浓度、漂白温度、漂白液pH值、漂白时间、稳定剂用量等因素影响混纺纱漂白效果的基础上,利用正交试验确定了过氧乙酸漂白亚麻/羊毛混纺纱的优化工艺,即过氧乙酸质量浓度8g/L,焦磷酸钠质量浓度1.5 g/L,漂白液pH值6.5,温度75℃,时间80 min.性能测试结果表明,过氧乙酸漂白亚麻/羊毛混纺纱的工艺条件温和,对纤维损伤小,利于环保及后续加工,具有工艺可行性.     

发酵制取柠檬皮膳食纤维及其脱色工艺研究

采用正交试验优化绿色木霉发酵制取柠檬皮膳食纤维的最佳工艺，以发酵温度、pH值、发酵时间为主要因素，按L9（3^3）正交组合设计试验，结果表明：提取膳食纤维的最佳组合为发酵温度28℃、发酵时间72h、pH值6．3。同时还进行膳食纤维的脱色处理试验，以过氧化氢（H2O2）为脱色剂，探讨了H2O2的用量、反应时间、反应温度及其pH对柠檬皮膳食纤维脱色效果的影响，并通过正交试验确定了柠檬皮膳食纤维脱色的最佳工艺条件，即：H2O2用量5％，pH10，温度45℃，时间3h。     

羔羊毛的等离子体/过氧乙酸改性处理工艺

采用等离子体刻蚀、过氧乙酸氧化、过氧化氢酶控制深度以及丝光等4个步骤对羔羊毛进行仿山羊绒改性处理.为评价改性处理效果,借鉴日本风格计量与标准化研究委员会的研究成果,以光泽和手感为中心确定了一个综合指标,包括纤维的摩擦性能、拉伸性能和光泽值.对过氧乙酸处理步骤的溶液pH值、过氧乙酸浓度、处理时间和温度等4个因素进行优化设...     

生物酶技术对竹棉混纺针织物的改性研究

筛选了纤维素酶对竹棉混纺织物进行改性处理，经单因素试验及正交试验，优化了工艺条件及配方，得出竹棉混纺针织物生物酶改性处理的最佳工艺：cetlusortL酶2．5g/L，时间145～50min，温度40～45℃，pH值4．5-5．0。     

亚麻粗纱的过氧乙酸漂白工艺研究

对生态漂白剂过氧乙酸漂白亚麻粗纱的工艺进行了研究。分析了漂白液的pH值、温度、时间、过氧乙酸浓度、稳定剂用量等因素对亚麻粗纱漂白的白度和断裂强力的影响,并通过正交实验确定了过氧乙酸漂白亚麻粗纱的工艺,即过氧乙酸用量8g/L,焦磷酸钠用量3g/L,漂白液pH值7,温度65℃,时间90min。     

提高大豆纤维漂白白度的工艺探讨

通过对大豆纤维针织物进行过氧乙酸漂白试验,对试验因素中的质量浓度、温度、pH值、时间等选用不同水平值,探讨以上4项因素对大豆纤维漂白白度的影响,得出提高大豆纤维漂白白度的一组最优工艺参数为:过氧乙酸8g/L,温度60℃,渗透剂JFC 2g/L,浴比1:50,PH6,加热时间60 min.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the