草菇半纤维素酶系统的诱导、分布及初步定性

以蔗糖、果胶、羧甲基纤维素或木聚糖为碳源培养草菇 (Volvariellavolvacea) ,对所产生的半纤维素酶进行初步研究发现 ,半纤维素酶系主要是由木聚糖诱导 .半纤维素酶中的木聚糖酶分布在胞外 ,木糖糖苷酶分布在胞内 ,阿拉伯糖苷酶胞内胞外都有分布 .木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为 6 0℃ ,最适反应 pH为 5 .8,在pH 5 .4～ 7.0时比较稳定 ,保温 1h酶活的半衰温度是 5 5℃ .木糖糖苷酶的最适反应温度为 5 5℃ ,最适反应 pH为 6 .6 ,在 pH 6 .6～ 7.4时比较稳定 ,保温 1h酶活的半衰温度是 5 2℃ .阿拉伯糖苷酶的最适反应温度为 6 0℃ ,最适反应pH为 5 .0 ,在 pH 4 .6～ 6 .2时比较稳定 ,保温 1h酶活的半衰温度为 6 0℃ .     

窖泥中产纤维素酶菌株的筛选鉴定及产酶特性的研究

纤维素酶能够把纤维素降解成可发酵性糖,在许多工业领域有着广阔的应用价值。以窖泥为材料,采用传统平板法对产酶菌株进行筛选,获得一株产纤维素酶系齐全、活性强的菌株XWS-A,经16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定,结果表明该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌。在液态条件下,对该菌株产酶特性进行研究发现,产内切β-葡聚糖酶最佳条件为温度35℃,培养基初始pH5.5,培养时间72 h;产外切β-葡聚糖酶最佳条件为温度35℃,培养基初始pH6.0,培养时间72 h;产β-葡萄糖苷酶最佳条件为温度40℃,培养基初始pH6.0,培养时间72 h。进一步对其酶学性质进行研究,结果表明:内切β-葡聚糖酶最适反应温度是50℃,最适反应pH为5.5;外切β-葡聚糖酶最适反应温度是50℃,最适反应pH为6.0;β-葡萄糖苷酶最适反应温度是50℃,最适反应pH为6.0。     

黑曲霉Ⅲ与绿色木霉Ⅰ混合发酵产纤维素酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

对黑曲霉Ⅲ与绿色木霉Ⅰ混合发酵所产纤维素酶进行了分离纯化,并对其酶学性质进行了研究。通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析,得到5个洗脱峰,其中峰2含内切葡聚糖苷酶和外切葡聚糖苷酶,且内切葡聚糖苷酶活最高;峰3含内切酶、外切酶及β-葡萄糖苷酶,酶系较全面;峰5含内切酶和外切酶;峰1和峰4没有纤维素酶活性。采用DEAF FF弱阴离子交换柱层析对峰2进行分离纯化,从中分离纯化得到1种内切葡聚糖苷酶组分,经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,其分子量为61.5 KD。酶学性质研究结果表明,CMC酶活在pH4.0～6.0的条件下,可保持初始酶活的70%～80%,最适酶反应pH值为5.0;温度在30～50℃范围内,酶活较高,最适酶反应温度为50℃,若超过60℃,酶活迅速下降。     

Isolation and Purification of Cellulase Produced by Mixed. Fermentation of AspergiUus niger Ⅲ and Trichoderca viride Ⅰ and Their Enzymatic Properties

对黑曲霉Ⅲ与绿色木霉Ⅰ混合发酵所产纤维素酶进行了分离纯化,并对其酶学性质进行了研究。通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析,得到5个洗脱峰,其中峰2含内切葡聚糖苷酶和外切葡聚糖苷酶,且内切葡聚糖苷酶活最高;峰3含内切酶、外切酶及β-葡萄糖苷酶,酶系较全面;峰5含内切酶和外切酶;峰1和峰4没有纤维素酶活性。采用DEAF FF弱阴离子交换柱层析对峰2进行分离纯化,从中分离纯化得到1种内切葡聚糖苷酶组分,经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,其分子量为61.5 KD。酶学性质研究结果表明,CMC酶活在pH4.0～6.0的条件下,可保持初始酶活的70%～80%,最适酶反应pH值为5.0;温度在30～50℃范围内,酶活较高,最适酶反应温度为50℃,若超过60℃,酶活迅速下降。     

黑曲霉Ⅲ与绿色木霉Ⅰ混合发酵产纤维素酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

对黑曲霉Ⅲ与绿色木霉Ⅰ混合发酵所产纤维素酶进行了分离纯化,并对其酶学性质进行了研究。通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100 凝胶柱层析,得到 5 个洗脱峰,其中峰 2 含内切葡聚糖苷酶和外切葡聚糖苷酶,且内切葡聚糖苷酶活最高;峰 3 含内切酶、外切酶及 ?-葡萄糖苷酶,酶系较全;峰 5 含内切酶和外切酶;峰 1 和峰 4 没有纤维素酶活性。采用 DEAF FF 弱阴离子交换柱层析对峰 2 进行了分离纯化,从中分离纯化得到一种内切葡聚糖苷酶组分,经 SDS-PAGE 电泳分析,其分子量为 61.5 KD。酶学性质研究结果表明,CMC 酶活在 pH4.0～6.0 的条件下,可保持初始酶活的 70 %～80 %,最适酶反应 pH 为 5.0;温度在 30～50 ℃范围内,酶活较高,最适酶反应温度为 50 ℃,若超过 60 ℃,酶活迅速下降。     

易错PCR技术提高中性内切葡聚糖酶活性

近年来随着纤维素酶在食品加工工业中具有广阔应用前景,而纤维素酶的工业应用一直受酶活性低,成本高的限制。为了提高中性内切葡聚糖酶的活性,作者利用易错PCR技术对来自枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)C-36的内切葡聚糖酶基因进行定向进化研究,构建了在大肠杆菌中的突变体库。通过刚果红平板筛选,获得了酶活性提高的突变株F-10,活力比亲本酶提高4.2倍。序列分析表明:F-10有5个碱基发生突变,两个氨基酸突变:D212V和T307S。SDSPAGE条带,表明基因表达正确,而表达量较原始菌株显著增加。酶学性质分析,表明该酶的最适反应pH为5.6,最适反应温度为45℃,在pH 4.5~10.0范围内50℃保温30 min可保持80%的剩余酶活,在60~75℃酶活力相对稳定,可保持在最高酶活的80%以上,当温度高于75℃时,酶开始变性失活,酶活力迅速下降。研究获得了酶活性提高的内切葡聚糖酶菌株,为进一步在分子水平研究内切葡聚糖酶的功能和其应用打下了基础,也为高酶活酶分子在其他高表达系统的表达提供了基础材料。     

β-1,3葡聚糖酶高产菌株的筛选及其产酶条件研究

从土壤中分离筛选出一株β-1，3葡聚糖酶活较高的菌株，编号为M014，初步鉴定为木霉。研究了碳源、氮源、培养温度与时间等因素对M014产酶的影响。实验结果表明，MOl4在含3％茯苓粉、0．5％酵母膏及一些无机盐的液体培养基中(pH6．0)，于30℃，150r／min振摇培养6d，β-1，3葡聚糖酶活最高，达到4．95U／ml。另外，还就β-1,3葡聚糖酶的酶解条件进行了研究，结果显示，β-1,3葡聚糖酶的最适反应pH为4．5,最适反应温度为60℃.粗酶液在40℃和50℃保温12h，酶活基本稳定，最适反应温度为60℃保温时，酶活迅速下降。     

纤维素酶系碱性条件下的选择性失活及应用

里氏木霉产纤维素酶系中的内切葡聚糖酶(CMCase)、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)和β-葡萄糖苷酶三大酶类在碱性处理条件下会发生快速、选择性失活。在pH9.00和(25±1)℃的条件下静置处理纤维素酶液30min,CMCase和CBH酶组分主要发生可逆变性失活,而β-葡萄糖苷酶发生不可逆变性失活,它们的残余酶活力分别为58.8%、56.6%和5.7%,相对比例可达到10.3和9.9。通过碱性处理能够得到低β-葡萄糖苷酶活力的纤维素酶制剂,可以显著提高其定向酶水解纤维素制备纤维低聚糖的生产性能,并生成以纤维二糖为主包括少量纤维三糖的纤维低聚糖。以0.1%(v/v)碱处理纤维素酶定向水解10g/L纸浆24h,纤维低聚糖的酶解得率为6.73%,占总糖类的78.2%,比天然酶反应体系提高53.6%。     

酿酒酵母表面展示表达的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶酶学性质研究

固定化酶是酵母表面展示技术的1个重要应用方向。本文应用食品级酵母展示表达系统进行表达,成功获得具有生物活性且固定在酿酒酵母细胞表面的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶,并测定其酶学性质。结果表明,与分泌表达的自由酶相比,展示表达的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的酶学性质发生了改变。其最适温度为60℃,热稳定性增强。50℃保温3 h,对酶活几乎没有影响。60℃保温1 h后的酶活为初始酶活的129.2%。随着该温度下保温时间的延长,酶活迅速下降,保温3h后的酶活为初始酶活的64.6%。70℃保温1 h,酶活增加到初始酶活的109.2%;1 h后酶活开始下降;70℃保温3 h后残留酶活仅为初始酶活的35.8%。展示表达的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶最适pH为6.0,在pH 4~7范围内酶的稳定性较好。     

粗壮脉纹孢菌液体发酵产纤维素酶的条件优化

研究了粗壮脉纹孢菌发酵稻草粉生产纤维素酶的影响因素及稻草秸杆浓度、培养温度、初始pH值对内切葡聚糖酶活、滤纸酶活和菌体生长的影响.初始pH 4.8,培养温度30℃,稻草浓度5%,发酵时间为6 d时,内切酶酶活和滤纸酶活均最高.而菌体生长的最适条件为：初始pH 5.5,前3 d用25℃培养,后期改用30℃培养,稻草浓度为2%.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press