Effects of the use of a multivitamin preparation "Pikovit" (KRKA, Yugoslavia) on providing nursery children with vitamins]

Providing of children aged 3-5 years with vitamins C, B1, B2, B6 and PP was studied before and after intake (during 3 months) of multivitamin "Pikovit" (KRKA, Yugoslavia) by the excretion with urine of ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, 4-pyridoxic acid and N-methylnicotinamide. Before "Pikovit" intake the mean level of thiamine excretion was close to the lower border of the normal level, while ascorbic acid and N-methylnicotinamide levels were lower than the normal in 73 and 69% of the children studied, respectively. "Pikovit" induced an increase in the mean values of excretion of all vitamins studied except for ascorbic acid. The multivitamin prevented the impairment of children providing with vitamins C and B6, and improved their provision with vitamins B1, B2 and PP. However, the doses of vitamins used proved to be insufficient for complete normalization of the vitamin status in children, therefore it is necessary to use "Pikovit" in higher doses as it is recommended by the firm-manufacturer.     

Preservation of vitamins during preparation of dry specialized dairy products

Preservation of vitamins A, E, C, B6, B1, B2, B5, Bc was studied during preparation of dried special-purpose milk mixtures ("Solnyshko", "Inpitan", enpits, low-lactose mixtures) and after storage ("Inpitan", and low-lactose mixtures) during 1 year at 4 and 18 degrees C. It has been established that vitamins A, E and C are most subjected to deterioration during production of dried special-purpose mixtures, their losses comprise 17-47, 18-43, 13-41%, respectively. B2 and B5 were most resistant in the process of the mixture production. No significant losses of vitamins were recorded during storage of "Inpitan" and low-lactose mixtures.     

长期载人航天飞行航天营养与食品研究进展

长期载人航天飞行过程中,乘组航天员处于微重力、噪声、振动及狭小密闭空间等特因环境下,机体发生 生理适应性变化。航天特因环境下航天员营养保障研究是人类探索太空面临的一项重要课题,而且随着飞行时间的 延长,其重要性逐渐凸显。本文介绍了美俄等国家在空间站、载人登月及载人火星探测等长期载人航天飞行活动中 航天营养保障领域的研究现状。相比中短期载人航天飞行任务,长期载人航天飞行中航天员的营养保障对营养均 衡、循环利用、保健功能及感官接受性等方面要求更高。     

The quantitative composition of the intestinal lactoflora before and after space flights of different lengths

Due to the emotional stress before the take off the lactoflora of 24 cosmonouts shows distinct changes regarding the spectrum of different species of Lactobacilli. Compared to long-time flights after short-time flights even stronger alterations are observed. The reason is that the disturbances which take place before the take-off as to the short space of time cannot be balanced by the macroorganism. Additionally, after a certain adaptive period the factors of the space travel begin to act. There are characteristic individual particularities regarding the number of Lactobacilli in the saliva and the feces of the cosmonouts.     

Effects of prophylactic vitamin administration of physical fitness of schoolchildren in the Arctic Regions]

The effectiveness of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in the Arctic region was evaluated in the biochemical investigation of schoolchildren by the assay of vitamins C, A, E, B1, B2, B6, B12 and folic acid in their blood serum before and after "Undevitum" intake. Deficiency of a number of vitamins was detected. It was shown that regular consumption of multivitamin "Undevitum" produced a positive effect on the parameters of their physical activity, the highest effect was observed in children with the normotensive reaction to loading, and it was less expressed in those with pathological hemodynamic reactions to the loading.     

Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of vitamin-enriched chopped meat products

The ration devoid of vitamins B1 and B2 and niacin, given to growing rats during 4-10 weeks led to growth cessation, a decrease in body mass and the development of vitamin deficiency that was expressed in a drastic lowering of red blood cell transketolase activity, and to increased effects of TDF and FAD. Inclusion into the animals' ration of cutlets enriched with vitamins B1, B2, C and niacin completely normalized their growth and biochemical parameters of their providing with vitamins B1 and B2. Routine cutlets were less effective. The feeding of rats with vitamin-enriched cutlets during 10 weeks did not induce any histological or histochemical disorders in their internal organs.     

Effect of the method of vitaminizing bread made from top-grade wheat flour on its thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content

Preservation of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin was studied in bread baked either from best-grade wheat flour enriched with vitamins B1, B2 and PP at the mill, or after the vitamins were added to the dough at the bakery. It was established that during the bread baking the content of vitamins was decreased by 33.3-58.1% when the wheat flour was vitaminized at the mill, and by 17.0-38.7% when the vitamins were added to the dough at the bakery. The content of thiamine and niacin in the bread prepared from flour vitaminized at the mill conforms to the standards recommended by the Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, for wholesale sorts of bread.     

The nutrition of patients who have undergone vertical gastroplasty for severe forms of obesity]

The energy ration value and supply of the main nutrients were studied by 24-h reproduction before and after operations in 33 morbid obesity patients who had undergone vertical gastroplastic surgery. The surgery was accompanied by reducing of surplus mass of the body by 25-71.7% and at the same time by reducing caloric content of the ration from average 4726.9 kcal before the operation to 1087 kcal during the first three months after the operation followed by a rise to 1490.0 kcal in 12-24 months. The deficient quota of protein and stable reduction of consumption of vitamins E, PP, B2, B1, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus were stated in postoperative rations (to 40-50% from recommended rates). The diet recommended after restricting operations on the stomach for obese patients on principles of diets for obesity patients was designed. The need to use protein-vitamin-mineral additives with individually adjusted compositions and dosages is shown.     

Fate of supplementary B-vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows

Four lactating Holstein cows equipped with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were used in 2 studies to evaluate the disappearance of supplementary B-vitamins before and from the small intestine. The cows were fed a total mixed ration with chromic oxide in 12 daily meals. Each study consisted of a control (no vitamin supplementation) and a treatment period (with vitamin supplementation). Amounts of vitamins (mg/d) supplemented in studies 1 and 2, respectively, were: thiamin: 300 and 10; riboflavin: 1600 and 2.0; niacin: 12,000 and 600; vitamin B₆: 800 and 34; biotin: 20 and 0.02; folic acid: 2600 and 111; vitamin B₁₂: 500 and 0.4. In study 1, vitamins were added to the feed 5 d before and during the 4-d collection period. In study 2, vitamins were infused postruminally 1 d before and during the 4-d collection period. Substantial disappearance before the duodenal cannula was noted in study 1 (67.8% thiamin, 99.3% riboflavin, 98.5% nicotinamide, 41.0% pyridoxine, 45.2% biotin, 97.0% folic acid, and 62.9% vitamin B₁₂). Except for nicotinamide and folate, there was almost no disappearance of postruminally infused vitamins before the duodenal cannula (study 2), suggesting extensive ruminal destruction or use. Apparent intestinal absorption values differed greatly among vitamins, but the proportion of vitamins disappearing from the small intestine was not negatively influenced by supplementation. Except for riboflavin and niacin, absolute amounts disappearing from the small intestine were greater during the treatment than the control periods, suggesting that B-vitamin supply in dairy cows is increased by supplementation, although losses in the rumen are extensive.     

The provision of vitamins to school children in rural regions of Lithuania]

Providing with vitamins of schoolchildren was studied in some regions of Lithuania during the winter-spring period. The biochemical blood count has revealed insufficient providing of schoolchildren with ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, vitamins B1, B2 and B6. Decreased levels of ascorbic acid in urine, as well as micro-symptoms of hypovitaminosis (ascorbic acid, thiamine and riboflavine deficiencies) have been recorded.     

The experimental model of alimentary polyhypovitaminosis of different degree in rats

A model of the alimentary polyhypovitaminosis varying degrees basing on partitive simultaneous reduction of all vitamins in rats diet has been proposed. The model has a principal difference from other experimental models, based on complete exclusion of 1 or 2 vitamins from animal diet. The proposed model allows you to get as close to the actually observed combined deficiency of several vitamins among the population. 5-fold decrease of vitamin mixture resulted in the fact that animals received 20-23% of vitamins D, A, B2, 33% of vitamin B1 and 57% of vitamin E from the content of these vitamins in the diet of animals from control group because of some nature vitamins contained in such diet basic components as casein (vitamins D, A, B1, B2) and sunflower oil (vitamin E). After one month treatment a deep deficiency of all vitamins has developed in rats from this group. Liver level of vitamin A decreased 8,5-fold, vitamins E and B1 - approximately 2-fold, vitamins C and B2 by 22%. Urinary excretion of vitamin B1 and B2 declined 2 and 5,3 fold. Blood plasma concentration of vitamin A decreased 1,9 fold, and E - 1,4 fold, B2 - by 30%. Activities of blood plasma vitamin B6-dependent enzymes reduced 1,4-fold. 2-fold decrease in the amount of vitamin mixture ensured intake about 50-59% of vitamins D, A, B2, and B1 and about 71% of vitamin E of those contained in the diet of animals from control group. Vitamin status indexes of these animals occupied an intermediate position. They have developed a moderate deficit of these essential micronutrients. The proposed model may be useful for metabolic disorders identification, the study of vitamins and minerals assimilation, investigations of the influence of biologically active components of food on these processes, as well as the development of personalized approaches to the correction of vitamin insufficient accuracy.     

The vitamin status of miners working at deep levels and its correction

Providing with ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and niacin was studied in miners at deep levels before and after intake of correcting doses of vitamins. Enrichment of the food ration with vitamins produced a positive effect on the working capacity of the miners under study. The levels of vitamin consumption (vitamin-energy coefficients) have been estimated correcting the vitamin balance in miners working at deep levels.     

The effect of improved rations and different doses of Glutamevitum on the vitamin status and work capacity of children who started school at the age of 6 years

The influence of qualitatively different nutrition and additional vitaminization with varying doses of "Glutamevitum" on excretion with urine of vitamins B1, B2 PP and C, as well as the presence of microclinical symptoms of vitamin deficiency and psychophysiological parameters were studied in 120 children (6 groups, 20 subjects in each) who went to school at six years of age. The children received corrected nutrition and vitamins during 6 months of the winter-spring period. It was established that the nutrition corrected by selection of food products and additional vitaminization with optimal doses of vitamins (1/2 tablet of "Glutamevitum" added by vitamins C, P and A in a dose of 10, 30, 0.25 mg, respectively) significantly lowered fatigue as a result of psychoemotional and mental stress in children of 6 years of age studying at school, vitamin excretion with urine increased, microclinical symptoms of vitamin deficiency were appreciably lowered, the working capacity and attention as well as nervous-reflectory activity were significantly improved in the critical period of early studying.     

Correlation of the actual vitamin B1, B2 and B6 consumption with the biochemical indices of their body allowance

Correlation of actual consumption of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 with biochemical parameters of their utilization has been studied in two groups of workers (one group was engaged in the synthetic leather industry, the second one in the diamond treatment industry). It is shown that the actual utilization of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 correlated well with the stimulation coefficients (SC) of the basal activity of the corresponding erythrocytic enzymes. This correlation can be expressed in an equation of linear regression with a preset SC. Solution of this equation gives the values that can be used in the diagnosis of changes in the vitamins B1, B2 and B6 requirement in certain population groups. The results of the study evidence that vitamin B1 and B6 are especially necessary for workers whose activity is associated with manifest nervous-emotional stress, while the workers engaged in the synthetic leather industry being exposed to dimethyl formamide are in need of vitamin B2.     

Prevention of combined iron-polyvitamin deficiency in female workers in the machine-building industry]

The results have been presented of the study of ferrokinetic values and providing with ascorbic and folic acids, vitamins B2 and B12 in women with latent iron deficiency, before and after preventive measures with the use of the lactic acid product "Biolact" combined with the polyvitamin "Gendevitum". The data obtained have shown that latent iron deficiency is attended by vitamin deficiency. "Biolact" enriched with iron and ascorbic acid, combined with "Gendevitum" normalizes iron metabolism and vitamin providing.     

Functional properties of curry paste in relation to digestibility and fermentation by gut microbiota

The prebiotic properties of sour curry paste in the upper gut and the gut microbiota were investigated in vivo during digestion. The effect of the addition of garcinia as souring agent in curry paste was studied. Curry paste without garcinia (P1) and curry paste with garcinia (P2) increased the number of beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiota, especially bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the number of harmful bacteria (Clostridia). Fecal fermentation with P1 resulted in a prebiotic index (PI) of 1.19, whereas fermentation with P2 resulted in a PI of 2.75. The fermented metabolites produced were lactic acid; vitamins; and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. P1 produced metabolites including lactic acid, SCFAs, and B vitamins in higher amounts than P2. After a 24 h fermentation period with colonic microbiota, P1 produced vitamins B1 (18.38 ± 0.10 µg/ml) and B2 (45.28 ± 2.02 µg/ml) but not folic acid, whereas P2 produced only vitamin B1 (5.99 ± 0.48 µg/ml).     

The vitamins and minerals provision of children living in different ecological-biogeochemical zones in Chuvashia

The results of investigation about providing 96 children at the age of 11-12 with vitamins in different ecological-biogeochemical zones of Chuvashia are presented in this article. The actual nutrition of children was estimated, by questionnaire-weight Pokrovsky's method and the level of excretion of vitamins B1, B2 and ascorbic acid with urine was studied by fluorescent method. The deficiency of riboflavin (66% in girls and 97% in boys) and ascorbic acid deficiency (30% in children) was revealed in the daily ration, the quantity of thiamin was sufficient. The providing the organism of children with investigated vitamins is low in Chuvashia. There is the link between ecological-biogeochemical characteristics of Chuvashia and providing with vitamins B1, B2 and C, their quantity in food being the same.     

Vitamin sufficiency to preschool and young school age children from a group at risk for emergence of bone mineralization disorders

Vitamin status of 36 children 5-8 years old (Moscow) from the decreased bone mineral density risk group has been evaluated. Only 6-14 per cent of children had deep vitamin deficit. Vitamin B1 and B2 insufficiency has been observed 1.6 fold rarely among children additionally receiving vitamin supplement. The relation between urinary calcium and vitamins B1, B2 and B6 excretion has been shown. No difference was found in calcium excretion rate irrespective of additional vitamin intake. Although no correlation between urinary calcium/creatinine excretion and urinary vitamins C, B1, B2 and B6 excretion has been found children with increased calcium/creatinine index are insufficiently supplied with four vitamins more often. The data obtained could not be regarded as negation of the vitamin sufficiency importance for calcium metabolism and osteogenesis disturbance prevention.     

Contents of vitamins B(1), B(2), B(6), and B(12) in pork and meat products

The concentration of B vitamins (B(1), B(2), B(6), and B(12)) was determined in three pork muscles (Longissimus dorsi, loin; Biceps femoris, ham; and Triceps brachii, shoulder) and in pork and other meat products (cooked, pickled, and cured), of importance because they are consumed in high quantities. The results were compared with values reported by other authors and their contribution to the daily intake of these vitamins estimated. This showed that pork provides, on average, 97, 25.8, 35/43.7 (men/women), and 37% of the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for vitamins B(1), B(2), B(6), and B(12), respectively.     

Effect of freezing and canning on the content of selected vitamins and pigments in seeds of two grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) cultivars at the not fully mature stage

Seeds of the grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) cultivars Derek and Krab, with a dry matter content of about 33%, were used for freezing and for canning. The content of vitamins C, B1, and B2 and of carotenoids, beta-carotene, and chlorophylls was determined in raw and blanched material, in frozen products after 6-month storage before and after cooking to consumption consistency, and in canned products after 6-month storage. In comparison with the cultivar Krab, raw seeds of Derek contained 45% more vitamin C, 14% more total chlorophylls, 13% less thiamine (vitamin B1), and 7% less riboflavin (vitamin B2). The level of carotenoids was similar. Blanching of seeds led to a statistically significant decrease only in the content of vitamin C. Freezing and frozen storage significantly lowered the level of vitamin C and chlorophylls. The cooking of frozen seeds and the production of canned products and their storage resulted in a statistically verified reduction in the content of components analysed in all the samples. Greater losses were found in products prepared from seeds of the cv. Krab. After cooking, frozen seeds contained more of all the analysed components than the canned products.