微波处理对醇提大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性的改善

以不同功率的微波,处理大豆浓缩蛋白,找到吸油率最佳影响范围,然后进行正交试验、极差分析.最终得出微波处理醇提大豆浓缩蛋白、提高其吸油率的最佳工艺条件,当溶液pH值为3,微波功率为700W,固液比为1∶7,改性时间为3min时,吸油率为2.36mL/g.     

微波处理对醇提大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性的改善

以不同功率的微波,处理大豆浓缩蛋白,找到吸油率最佳影响范围,然后进行正交试验、极差分析,最终得出微波处理醇提大豆浓缩蛋白、提高其吸油率的最佳工艺条件,当溶液pH值为3,微波功率为700W,固液比为1：7,改性时间为3min时,吸油率为2．36mL／g。     

微波技术提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性的研究

制取低成本、高蛋白含量的大豆浓缩蛋白时,乙醇会产生变性作用,从而降低大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,因此本研究采用微波技术对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性。通过对固液比、微波功率、改性时间的单因素实验,针对乳化性进行研究,然后进行正交实验方差分析,最终得出微波技术提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性最佳工艺条件：固液比1：9、功率500W、时间3min,可提高乳化能力129.9%,乳化稳定性28.0%。     

超声波对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性的影响

为改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,采用超声波技术对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性.通过单因素试验,针对乳化性进行研究,得出最佳影响范围,然后进行正交试验方差分析,最终得出超声波技术提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性最佳工艺条件：固液比为1∶9、功率密度为0.6 W/cm^2、时间为5min,可提高乳化活力171.4%,乳化稳定性13.0%.利用电子显微镜扫描仪观察改性前后大豆蛋白,证明超声波技术可以有效地改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的乳化性.     

微波对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白吸水性的影响

为改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,采用微波技术对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性。通过单因素实验,针对吸水性进行研究,得出最佳影响范围,然后进行正交实验方差分析,最终得出微波技术提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白吸水性最佳工艺条件:固液比为1∶7、微波功率为650w、时间为3min、溶液高度为2.0cm,在此条件下吸水性可提高64.1%。     

大豆浓缩蛋白的限制性水解及其功能性变化

为改善醇法生产大豆浓缩蛋白的功能性,采用限制酶解的方法对其进行改性.利用中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶作为水解酶,在25℃或35℃、底物浓度10%、酶添加量400U/g或1700U/g的条件下,水解处理大豆浓缩蛋白1h或4h,得到水解度约为1%和2%的改性大豆浓缩蛋白.对主要功能性进行分析,发现溶解性、保水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性均有改善,但胶凝性则有下降.     

微波对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性的影响

为改善和提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的乳化功能特性,采用微波对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行改性,并以微波功率、改性时间、均质时间、pH、料液比、溶液质量、NaC l浓度及不同种类盐为改性影响因素,研究了其对改性蛋白乳化性的影响。结果表明,当蛋白浆液处理量为55 g,均质6 m in,微波功率640 W,改性时间1.5 m in,料液比1∶9(W/V),pH为9时,可使乳化能力达到96.9%。     

微波对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白起泡性的影响

为改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,采用微波技术对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性。通过单因素试验,针对起泡性进行研究,得出最佳影响范围,然后进行正交试验方差分析,最终得出微波技术提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白起泡性最佳工艺条件:固液比1∶7、功率500W、时间2min、溶液高度2.0cm,在此条件下醇提大豆浓缩蛋白的起泡能力和起泡稳定性可分别提高83.5%和52.0%。     

利用球磨机提高大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性的研究

采用球磨机对大豆浓缩蛋白进行改性,经球磨机处理的大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性明显提高.球磨机改性蛋白的最佳条件为转速80r/min,球磨时间1h,大豆浓缩蛋白填充量10g,大豆浓缩蛋白含湿量85%,pH11.改性后浓缩蛋白的EAI为114.893m2/g,提高了120%.SDS-PAGE电泳图谱对比分析了改性前后大豆浓缩蛋白的结构变化,研究表明,醇法大豆浓缩蛋白经过球磨机适当处理后蛋白质各组分含量发生了改变,蛋白乳化性能有明显提高,拓宽了其在食品行业应用的领域.     

微波对醇提大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性的影响

为改善醇提大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,采用微波技术对醇提大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性。通过单因素试验,针对吸油性进行研究,得出最佳影响范围,然后进行正交试验方差分析,最终得出用微波技术提高醇提大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性最佳工艺条件,即:固液比1∶7、微波功率650W、作用时间3min、溶液高度2.0cm,在此条件下吸油性可提高60.5%。     

鸡胸肉盐溶蛋白热诱导凝胶保水性和超微结构的研究

本文以鸡胸肉为材料,采用L9(34)正交设计及混料回归分析研究了鸡胸肉盐溶蛋白热诱导凝胶保水性和凝胶超微结构。结果表明,鸡胸肉最佳提取条件为MgCl2浓度0.01mol/L、NaCl浓度0.6mol/L、提取液pH7.0,其凝胶的保水性为96.92%。扫描电镜观察显示,保水性不同的凝胶其超微结构表现出很大的差异,保水性为96.92%,其凝胶的网络结构比较均匀、细致,蛋白束平滑;保水性为52.19%其凝胶的网状结构粗糙、疏松、不均匀。磷酸盐的最佳组合为:DSPP0.04g、STPP0.05g、HMP0.03g。     

微波改性花生蛋白标签胶的研究

以花生蛋白为原料,研究了微波改性作用对其作为啤酒瓶标签胶粘剂性能的影响.以花生蛋白与水质量配比、改性温度、改性时间以及微波功率为影响因素,以黏度、粘结强度和抗水性为评价指标,利用正交实验确定出最佳改性工艺条件为:改性时间50 min,改性温度80℃,微波功率600W,蛋白与水质量配比1∶4.     

响应面法优化猪肉盐溶蛋白热诱导凝胶工艺的研究

研究pH值、NaCl、MgCl2和复合磷酸盐(MP)对猪后腿肉盐溶蛋白(SSP)提取率及热诱导凝胶的保水性(WHC)和凝胶强度(BS)的影响。通过数学模型的建立和响应面分析,确定制备热诱导凝胶的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在pH6.7、NaCl 0.7mol/L、MgCl2 0.006mol/L、MP 2.5g/kg处理条件下,盐溶蛋白提取率为9.41%、凝胶保水性为86.13%、凝胶强度为86.50g。MgCl2与MP的交互作用显著增加盐溶蛋白的溶出率。各因素间的协同作用对热诱导凝胶的品质有显著影响。     

马铃薯淀粉废水蛋白的功能特性

以碱提酸沉法制备的马铃薯淀粉废水蛋白为原料,分别考察了pH值、NaCl浓度和温度对蛋白功能特性（溶解性、持水能力、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性）的影响。结果表明,pH值、NaCl浓度和温度对蛋白的功能特性产生不同程度的影响。在等电点（pH 4.0）时,马铃薯蛋白表现出最低的溶解性、持水性、乳化性、乳化稳定性及起泡性,而泡沫稳定性最好。在较低NaCl浓度（＜0.2 mol/L）时,蛋白溶解性、持水能力、乳化性和乳化稳定性随NaCl浓度的增加而提高,而高浓度的NaCl（＞0.2 mol/L）对上述性质具有抑制作用;蛋白的起泡性和泡沫稳定性在NaCl浓度为0.4 mol/L时具有最大值。在4～80 ℃范围内,蛋白质的各项功能性质随温度的升高均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且溶解性、持水性、乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性在40 ℃时最佳,乳化性在60 ℃最佳。     

MEASURING THE WATER HOLDING CAPACITY OF NATURAL ACTOMYOSIN FROM CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLE IN THE PRESENCE OF PYROPHOSPHATE AND DIVALENT CATIONS

The water holding capacity (WHC) of natural actomyosin (NAM) extracted at pH 9.2 in 0.6M KCl was measured in the presence and absence of various combination of sodium pyrophosphate (PP_i), MgCl₂ and CaCl₂ using a modification of the classical centrifugation technique. Samples, in the presence of 0.15M NaCl and 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 6, were spun at 30,900 X G (as measured at the bottom of the centrifuge tube) for 15 min at 2–4C. The results show that between 17 and 20 g water/g protein were bound over a wide range of NAM concentrations. In each case the amount of water held by the experimental sample was equal to or less than the amount held by a control run at the same time: 5 mM PP_i= 100%; 5 mM PP_i+ 5 mM MgCl₂= 58%; 5 mM MgCl₂= 85%; 5 mM PP_i+ 5 mM CaCl₂= 68% and 5 mM CaCl₂= 92% of the control. Thus polyphosphate addition in the presence of divalent cations lowers the WHC of NAM. The absence of the organized structure of muscle in NAM is postulated to be the reason that polyphosphate plus divalent cation reduced WHC in these samples. A series of preliminary experiments were run in order to determine the effect of experimental parameters on WHC.     

Gelation and Water Binding Properties of Transglutaminase-treated Skim Milk Powder

Transglutaminase (TGase)-treated skim milk powder (TG-SMP) was prepared by freeze-drying skim milk after TGase treatment (10 U/g milk protein, 40°C for 3 h), followed by TGase inactivation at 85°C for 5 min. TGase modification resulted in significant increases in hardness and water holding capacity (WHC) of heat-induced gels (10% protein, w/v). A marked increase in storage modulus (G') of TG-SMP upon heating suggests that TG-SMP has a greater gelling ability than control-SMP (C-SMP) prepared with predenatured TGase. Acid gels prepared from TG-SMP had a significantly higher WHC at all solid levels (12%, 14%, and 16%) tested and formed a more elastic network than C-SMP.     

Dry-pasteurization of egg albumen powder in a fluidized bed. II. Effect on functional properties: gelation and foaming

Dry‐pasteurization of egg albumen (EA) powder in a fluidized bed was studied in two experiments. Experiment 1 consisted of two different temperatures (90 and 130 °C) and experiment 2 of two air moisture levels (high and low). Powders were processed from 10 min to 3 h. The reference treatment was traditional pasteurization at 90 °C for 21 h. The fluidized bed treatment effects on gel texture, water‐holding capacity (WHC), protein binding, gel colour, foaming capacity, foam stability and surface pressure were evaluated. Gels of EA powders treated at high temperature and high air moisture levels exhibited higher stress, strain and WHC values than gels of untreated EA powder. The gel colour became significantly darker, greener and less yellow by fluidized bed treatment. Foaming and surface activity properties were un‐affected by the treatments, however, foam stability against liquid drainage correlated positively with surface pressure.     

Factors Affecting the Water-Holding Capacity of Fibrinogen/Plasma Protein Gels Optimized by Response Surface Methodology

ABSTRACT: Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the water-holding capacity (WHC) of fibrinogen/plasma protein gels heated at 75°C for 10 min to develop a new edible gel. The effects of varying the amount of fibrinogen, plasma protein, calcium, and pH were evaluated to optimize the WHC using RSM. Estimation of the overall effects of the 4 factors on the gels revealed that the pH and concentrations of fibrinogen and plasma protein significantly affected the WHC of the gels ( p < 0.05). The WHC increases with the concentrations of plasma protein only at concentrations lower than 8%. At lower plasma concentrations, fibrinogen addition had only minimal influence on the WHC. The optimum WHC values were predicted by the RSREG procedure of the SAS program. Model verification was performed by additional independent trials, and the resulting experimental values were very close to the predicted ones with no significant difference ( p > 0.05).     

Modified Soy Proteins with Improved Foaming and Water Hydration Properties

Soy proteins were modified by alkali treatment at pH 10.0, followed by papain hydrolysis. Solubility, water hydration capacity (WHC), surface hydrophobicity, foaming and emulsifying properties of unmodified, alkali-treated, and papain-modified soy protein (PMSP) were compared. PMSP exhibited higher solubility (100% at pH > 7.0), WHC (3.13) and hydrophobicity (40.8) than unmodified soy protein which had solubility 68.5%, WHC 0.21, and hydrophobicity 8.1. The PMSP had foaming capacity (22.0 mL) similar to egg white (21.2 mL) at pH 7.0; and enhanced foam stability (36.4) compared to the unmodified control (32.9). In general, alkali-treated soy had lower functional properties. Emulsifying properties of PMSP and alkali treated soy were unchanged by the modification. PMSP could be used as an egg white substitute in foaming applications at neutral pH.     

微波辅助提取巴旦木蛋白工艺优化及其功能性质研究

本文采用微波辅助碱溶酸沉法提取巴旦木中的蛋白质,在单因素实验基础上,采用L₁₆（45）正交试验设计,研究微波预处理功率、微波预处理时间、提取液pH、提取温度和料液比对巴旦木蛋白提取率的影响。结果表明,微波辅助提取巴旦木蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:微波功率400 W、微波时间180 s、提取液pH 9.5、提取温度50 ℃和料液比1:25 g/mL,在此条件下测出的巴旦木蛋白提取率达到46.69%。相较于未经微波辅助提取的巴旦木蛋白,微波处理后蛋白的溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性和起泡性分别提升了15.35%、26.07%、26.22%、30.61%和20.53%,而乳化稳定性和泡沫稳定性分别降低了1.05%和13.29%,研究表明,微波处理有助于提高巴旦木蛋白的提取率并改善功能性质。