晶体硅太阳能电池片老化特性研究

利用铝背场材料水煮特性的差异性,对4种铝背场多晶太阳能电池片的水煮特性进行了研究,详细分析了4种不同铝背场电池片老化特性(冷-热循环特性和湿热特性)与水煮特性的关系,同时也探讨了单晶与多晶电池片老化特性的差异性。结果表明:铝背场水煮特性较好的电池片表现出较好的湿热老化特性,但电池片的冷-热循环老化特性与其水煮特性无直接关系;单晶电池老化特性略优于多晶,且冷-热循环约40周后电池效率衰减基本稳定,湿热老化450~500 h后电池效率衰减基本稳定。     

Q博士考考你

单项选择:1、根据对顾客满意为影响程度不同,可对质量特性进行分类管理,若超过规定的特性值要求,将造成产品部分功能丧失的质量特性之为( )。A、关键质量特性 B、重要特性C、次要质量特性 D、一般质量特性     

变频器的综合应用（二）第2讲 变频调速系统的转速设计

1引言 变频器的速度控制应用非常广泛,一般而言,转速设计需要考虑以下几方面的问题：负载特性、速度特性、转矩特性、工艺特性、电磁兼容特性等。     

二氧化硅薄膜驻极体的电荷特性

对二氧化硅薄膜驻极体中几种主要电荷的基本特性－固定氧化物电荷的特性特性、氧化物陷阱电荷的特性及硅－二氧二硅界面陷阱电荷的特性进行了分析。     

第三代电子材料—氮化镓

简单介绍了第三代电子材料纤锌矿氮化镓的化学特性、结构特性、光学特性和电学特性。     

氧化钼掺杂氧化钨电致变色薄膜的显示特性

采用电子束蒸发工艺研究氧化钼掺杂氧化电致变色薄膜的显示特性。对氧化钼掺杂氧化钨电致变色薄膜的光谱特性、响应特性和循环伏安特性等显示特性进行了测试。     

关于一类非线性布尔函数的密码学特性分析

本文以统计方法分析了一类特殊的非线性布尔函数的平衡特性、雪崩特性、差分特性等密码学特性。通过数据测试表明该函数的平衡性满足一定规律,具有良好的雪崩特性和差分特性,该函数可以和置换相结合用于实际的分组密码设计。     

改进半双工链路TCP性能的方法

网络的非对称特性,使TCP协议的性能不仅依赖于正向链路特性和流量特性,而且取决于反向链路特性和流量特性。半双工无线链路没有明显的不对称特性,但由于无法同时发送和接收信息,从而影响TCP协议的性能。本文分析无线网段的半双工特性对TCP协议性能的影响,并给出一种改善措施。     

EDFA光纤放大器原理及应用(3) 第三部分 EDFA的性能指标

EDFA的主要应用特性包括增益特性、输入输出特性、饱和特性、增益带宽特性和噪声特性等,它们与输入光功率大小、铒光纤长度及参数、泵浦功率大小及泵浦波长、信号波长等都有密切关系,本文将分别介绍之。     

EDFA光纤放大器原理及应用（3）

第三部分EDFA的性能指标　EDFA的主要应用特性包括增益特性、输入输出特性、饱和特性、增益带宽特性和噪声特性等,它们与输入光功率大小、铒光纤长度及参数、泵浦功率大小及泵浦波长、信号波长等都有密切关系,本将分别介绍之.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.