表面粗糙度对硬盘超低飞高气膜静态特性的影响

硬盘(Hard disk drives,HDDs)是当前信息存储的主要器件,它的尺寸越来越小、容量越来越大,磁头的飞行高度越来越低.基于考虑气体稀薄效应修正Reynolds方程的线性流比(Linearized flow rate,LFR)模型,采用一种无网格法-最小二乘有限差分(Least squarefinite difference,LSFD)法,求解引入压力流因子和剪切流因子的量纲一雷诺方程,并且研究表面粗糙度对硬盘超低飞高(1～2 nm)气膜静态特性的影响.数值结果表明,表面粗糙度对超低飞高气膜压力分布和承载力的影响较大,而对压力中心的影响较小;飞行高度越低和/或表面粗糙度值越大,对压力分布及承载力的影响越明显;在粗糙度值相同的条件下,仅磁头粗糙且取横向粗糙度时,系统压力分布最高,气膜承载力最大;各种情况下,表面粗糙度对压力中心的变化影响不大,说明磁头飞行比较平稳,系统稳定性较好;另外,基于LFR模型研究表面粗糙度对硬盘气膜静态特性的影响,不仅数值结果精度高,并且具有很高的计算效率.     

采用模拟退火算法对皮米磁头进行形状优化

采用优化设计方法优化一种皮米磁头的形状,能够降低磁头飞高,提高硬盘的存储密度及磁头的飞行稳定性。优化设计以磁头俯仰角和形状尺寸为约束,以磁头在磁盘半径方向内侧、中间、外侧稳定飞行时的飞行高度和侧倾角与优化目标值间的波动最小为优化目标建立优化模型,采用模拟退火算法对优化模型求解。优化结果表明,优化后磁头的飞浮高度可从7 nm降低到5 nm,而且磁头寻轨时磁头的稳态飞行波动得到明显改善,能够满足工程上对飞高的波动性要求。最后,比较了提高磁盘转速后初始磁头和优化磁头的稳态飞行特性,结果表明磁盘转速对优化结果有影响,改变磁盘转速建立新的优化模型可以得到适合新条件的优化磁头。     

计算机磁头/磁盘超薄气膜润滑稳定性

以任意拉森数的超薄气体润滑方程为基础,给出磁头刚体小扰动对空气轴承滑块 (ABS)气膜压强摄动方程。采用算子分裂法求解气膜压强和非结构三角网格的有限元法解压强摄动方程,得到气膜的刚度系数和阻尼系数矩阵。模态分析得到磁头气固耦合系统的固有频率,衰减率和振型。以Ω型磁头为例,分析了在不同气膜厚度和磁盘转速下的磁头稳定性。研究结果表明,磁头稳定性对气膜厚度很敏感,在小气膜厚度运行时,系统固有频率高,稳定性好;磁头升沉和纵倾运动的动力耦合,使磁头系统固有频率和衰减率降低,对稳定性不利;高转速的磁盘对磁头稳定性不利,但影响不大。     

磁头热变形对飞行高度影响的数值分析

计算机硬盘向小型化和高密度存储量方向发展,硬盘磁头的飞行高度越来越低,同时磁头的厚度也越来越小,更容易发生热变形,从而影响飞行高度。目前产品设计中采用多种措施降低热变形以图保证飞行高度稳定性,影响了其他性能。用数值仿真的方法分析磁头热变形与其稳态飞行高度之间的关系,再利用高阶滑移模型修正超薄气膜雷诺方程,采用加权余量法和有限元方法求解气膜压力方程组,得出气膜压力分布,建立磁头在盘片上飞行的简化物理模型,分析磁头热变形与稳态飞行高度之间的关系。计算结果表明,一定的热变形反而有利于稳定磁头飞行高度。     

硬盘磁头飞行姿态的实验研究

用动态飞行高度测试仪DFHT测试了在不同转速下磁头的飞高、俯仰角和侧翻角,磁头飞行高度和俯仰角,随着磁盘转速的增大而增大,而侧翻角则先增加后减小。由结果可以看出,随着转速的增加,俯仰角变化比较大,说明磁盘转速对磁头的左右翻转运动的影响比较大,而侧翻角变化相对比较微弱,用动态电性能测试机测试相同情况下不同转速下输出磁信号的幅值,可以看出随着飞高的增加,输出信号的幅值也随着减小。     

基于不同差分格式的硬盘气膜润滑方程数值求解

为提高计算效率与计算精度,采用不同差分格式求解硬盘的磁头/磁盘界面气膜润滑方程,分析不同差分格式对磁头/磁盘界面气膜润滑压力分布模拟结果的影响。给出中央格式、上风格式、混合格式、QUICK格式、指数格式、乘方格式6种差分格式相应的离散方程格式,选取气膜润滑方程的线性流率（LFR）模型进行压力模拟,并与精确解进行比较。结果表明：6种差分格式都能够模拟出磁头滑块的压力分布情况,且当网格密度足够大时,得到的数值解与精确解基本一致;指数格式在不同网格密度下,均具有很高的稳定性,较之其他格式计算效率高,模拟效果更好;当网格密度足够大时,中央格式计算效率高,优于指数格式。     

磁头磁盘系统承载面粗糙度对气膜润滑性能影响的数值分析

考察磁头与磁盘间隙下降到10nm以下时,磁盘表面粗糙度对气膜润滑性能的影响。采用余弦粗糙度代替实际磁盘表面粗糙度分布。通过改变粗糙度的波长、幅值等特征参数来分析对纳米气膜润滑性能的影响。分析结果表明在纳米级间隙下,磁盘表面粗糙度对气膜压力分布产生明显作用,特别是在气膜较小区域这种波动更加明显,但是随着粗糙度波数的增加压力波动趋于平稳。气膜厚度是决定压力大小的重要因素,在一定粗糙度工况下,随着气膜厚度的增大,粗糙度的影响逐渐减小。     

考虑气体稀薄效应修正Reynolds方程的新模型及其数值分析

硬盘中磁头和磁盘之间的气膜厚度已接近或小于分子平均自由路径,为了更精确地模拟气膜的压力分布,Reynolds方程必须要考虑气体稀薄效应的影响。基于硬盘中常用的修正Reynolds方程——FK模型,提出一种修正Reynolds方程的新模型,并且通过最小二乘有限差分法求解该Reynolds方程。分别利用FK模型和新模型,研究气膜数对承载力和压力中心的影响,并比较2种模型的计算时间。结果表明,2种模型所得的数值模拟结果具有很好的一致性,但新模型的计算效率高于FK模型。     

磁头/磁盘系统静态特性实验研究

通过实验来研究磁盘转速对磁头飞行姿态和磁头读写性能的关系.研究表明:磁头滑块飞行高度和俯仰角伴随着磁盘转速的增大而增大;磁盘转速增大,磁头飞行高度增加,降低了磁头读出信号的能力,与此同时,信噪比也大幅下降.实验研究结果为磁头/磁盘结构设计提供了依据.     

不同初始条件下的硬盘头盘系统动态特性

基于Ansys/LS-DYNA建立硬盘头盘系统有限元模型,进行工作状态下的硬盘头盘系统冲击动态特性研究,分析了不同磁盘片约束以及悬臂预应力对浮动块关键参数动态响应的影响.研究表明:磁盘片自由度约束的越多,上、下浮动块与磁盘片z方向的相对位移响应越小,上、下浮动块越稳定;磁盘片在全约束和简支约束时,悬臂预应力对上浮动块与磁盘片相对位移的影响较大,而在震荡阶段对下浮动块的影响较大.     

An Air Bearing Slider for Small Diameter Disk Storage Devices

The authors propose a novel slider design. The tri-pad slider has three separate air bearing surfaces, one in the front of the slider and the other two in the back of the slider. This design permits the optimization of the air bearing stiffness and flying attitude without changing the minimum flying height. It can minimize the effect of skew angle on the flying height, and offers ample room for a larger size thin film head element. Samples were fabricated and flying characteristics at several velocities, as well as the dynamic flying stability, were investigated.     

Simulation of Static Flying Attitudes with Different Heat Transfer Models for a Flying-Height Control Slider with Thermal Protrusion

The thermal flying height control (TFC), aka dynamic fly height (DFH), technique has been recently used in the head disk interface of hard disk drives to obtain a lower head-media spacing. The air bearing cooling effect, i.e., the heat conduction between the slider and the air film, has been incorporated in the numerical thermal–mechanical simulation of the slider’s static performance. However, the heating effect of the viscous dissipation of the air flow has not been considered yet. In this article, both effects are included in the simulation of a flying slider with its flying height controlled by thermal protrusion, and different models for the air bearing cooling are used to obtain the slider’s static flying attitudes. The simulation results directly show that the air bearing cooling is dominant compared with the viscous heating. All of the air bearing cooling models, including a recent one that considers the dependence of the air molecular mean free path on the air temperature, have simulation results close to each other. The largest relative difference in the simulated flying height is less than 9% even when the transducer flying height is lowered to below 2 nm.     

超薄气体润滑磁盘／磁头系统动力学分析

应用修正后的雷诺方程描述超薄气体轴承的润滑特性,应用伽辽金近似建立气体轴承有限元法分析模型。使结构动力学模型与气体动力润滑模型有机地集成起来,建立了气体轴承-磁头结构的系统动力学模型。在考虑表面粗糙度对磁头飞浮稳定性影响时,引进方向模式参数以描述磁盘的表面形貌,仿真结果表明,粗糙表面能有效降低磁头瞬态响应时间,通过参数合理设计可阻止磁头的共振响应,粗糙度的方向特征对动力学的响应有一定的影响,但随着膜厚与粗糙峰高比率的增大,方向特征的影响将逐步降低。     

硬盘/磁头薄膜气体润滑中热效应影响分析

根据热力学理论,建立了硬盘磁头热力学分析模型,利用数值方法分析了绝热过程中热效应及热蠕流效应对磁头承载能力、飞行姿态等性能的影响,并与实验结果进行了对比分析。数值分析结果表明,绝热过程中热蠕流效应对磁头的压力分布和承载力没有明显影响,但热效应对气体黏度和磁头飞行姿态影响明显。热效应使气体黏度和承载能力增加,从而使磁头飞行高度和俯仰角增大,但对侧翻角没有明显影响。理论分析与实验结果的对比分析表明,磁头的飞行过程不是绝热过程。     

Nearmiss Count Between Flying Head and Magnetic Disk by Detecting Electrical Potential of Voltage-Applied Slider

A simple in-situ measurement of flying head dynamics is developed, making use of weak conductive sliders and media as capacitance and resistance sensors. This method is confirmed to detect such abnormal functioning occurring in the head-medium interface as nearmiss, contact or crash. Flying head dynamics are quantitatively studied, using a simple and effective method wherein the slider is excited by externally pressurized air flow. Without this disturbance, the nearmiss count is almost zero, with the number tending to increase up to a resonant frequency governed by the slider inertia and air film stiffness with increasing disturbance, presenting a maximum value at a disk velocity of 3 to 5 m/s.     

Temperature Effect on a HDD Slider’s Flying Performance at Steady State

The temperature inside modern hard disk drives (HDDs) can become as high as 100°C during operation. The effects of such high temperatures on the slider’s flying attitude and the shear forces on the slider and the disk are investigated in this paper. General formulae for the shear forces are derived, and the generalized Reynolds equation is modified to take into account the temperature effect on the mean free path of air as well as the air viscosity. Numerical results are obtained for two different air bearing surface designs. It is shown that the temperature changes result in non-negligible changes in the slider’s flying height and the shear forces. These changes could further induce changes in the deformation and instability of the lubricant layer and thereby affect the reliability of the HDDs.     

Observation of Slider Landing Process in Hard Disk Drive

With the decrease in slider flying height, slider flying instability caused by slider–disk interactions is becoming a big concern. Novel technology has to be employed to further improve our understandings about slider–disk interaction. In this work, a slider flying height-attitude testing (3D) system was employed to study slider–disk interaction during a slider landing process to demonstrate its capability for the application. It is shown that great details of slider–disk interactions and subtle variations of the slider flying attitude during the landing process can be revealed with the 3D system. Slider dynamic flying height and attitude (pitch and roll angles) during the landing process can be determined from the data recorded in one test. Furthermore, analysis in frequency domain can be done not only on flying height, but also on pitch and roll angles directly. It is found that the slider landing process can have different stages during which slider performance and characteristics of slider–disk interaction are different.     

Investigation of Head/Disk Contacts in Helium–Air Gas Mixtures

The shock response of a pico-type magnetic recording slider in different helium–air gas mixtures is investigated numerically. A finite element-based air bearing simulator and a slider/disk contact model including van der Waals and friction forces are coupled to determine the contact characteristics between slider and disk. The minimum flying height and the maximum contact force are studied as a function of helium percentage and disk velocity. The results show that the dynamic performance of the slider is not affected substantially as long as the helium percentage is <50 % but is increasingly more affected if the helium percentage becomes larger than 50 %.     

Inert Gas Filled Head–Disk Interface for Future Extremely High Density Magnetic Recording

Inert gas filled head–disk interface (HDI) is a possible solution in reducing the magnetic spacing between the magnetic head and the magnetic media for achieving further increased recording density of a magnetic recording system. This article investigated the flying and thermal performances of a thermal actuated slider at inert gas filled HDI by using a couple-field analysis method which consists of a finite element model of the entire slider, an air bearing model based on the generalized lubrication equation and a heat transfer model which incorporates various molecular dynamics models and considers temperature effects. The simulation studies showed that the variation of gap flying height (FH) with the heater power in the inert gas is quite similar to that in air. It is also found that the slider’s thermal actuation efficiency in helium is slightly better than those in argon and air. However, the temperature effects in a fully sealed drive are totally different to those in an open drive. As a result, the inert gas filled HDI normally requires a larger thermal actuation stroke due to the temperature effects in a fully sealed drive.     

Air Entrapment in Nanometer-Thick Lubricant Films and its Effect on Slider Flying Height in a Hard Disk Drive

Experimental data are presented, showing that the flying height of a slider in a hard disk drive can be altered by the chemical nature of the molecularly-thin lubricant film on the disk surface. It is suggested that this effect is likely due to entrapment of the air molecules, both nitrogen and oxygen, within the lubricant film, which results in pressurization loss within the air bearing gap, and lower slider flying height. For the two advanced multidentate lubricants reported in this study, the amount of flying height change is almost insignificant for one of them, but amount to about 0.7?nm, i.e. a significant fraction of the magnetic spacing budget for the other. Bulk air solubility data suggest that the magnitude of this effect is diminished for lubricant molecules with a lower density of backbone ether linkages.