酿酒小曲菌种的保藏及复壮

小曲是生产小曲酒的糖化发酵剂.菌种保藏不当会引起其性能的衰退,以致变异.介绍了酿酒小曲菌种根霉、酵母常用的保藏方法.短期保藏可采用低温斜面试管保藏法或液体试管保藏法等,且以橡胶塞斜面试管保藏法较好;长期保藏可采用液体石蜡保藏法、真空冷冻干燥保藏法、液氮罐超低温保藏法等,以真空冷冻干燥保藏法较好.茵种分离复壮中应注意活化液的选择、分离操作方法及有效茵种的选择等.     

三种方法保藏醋酸菌效果的评定

采用斜面传代法、液体石蜡保藏法、液体保藏法对醋酸菌保藏期限及产酸性能稳定性进行对比试验,短期保藏醋酸菌采用液体石蜡保藏法、液体保藏法效果好,液体保藏法保藏的醋酸菌种更易活化和使用方便。     

啤酒酵母菌种的石蜡保藏法

啤酒酵母菌种是啤酒生产的灵魂,因而得到一支好的菌种,人们无不十分珍惜,在将它应用于生产的同时,总是千方百计把它很好保藏起来,以利长久应用。啤酒酵母菌种保存的方法很多,诸如固体斜面保藏法、液体试管保藏法、真空冷冻干燥保藏法、液体石蜡保藏法等,这些方法各...     

醋酸菌菌种保藏方法的改进及保藏期限的研究

对醋酸菌保藏的斜面保藏法、液体石蜡保藏法、液体保藏法和经过改进的斜面液体保藏法进行了比较，并进行了保藏期限和产酸能力的实验，结果表明：斜面液体保藏法保藏的菌种保藏期限可达2年，产酸能力优于其它3种方法。     

优良己酸菌分离培养及冷干保藏条件研究

以大曲酒窖窖泥为材料,对己酸菌进行了分离纯化,并对己酸菌菌种的真空冷冻干燥保藏方法进行了研究,初步确定了菌种冻干保藏的预冻温度及保护剂浓度。比较了己酸菌不同保存方式的保藏效果,实验表明采用冷冻干燥保藏法长期保藏菌种效果良好。     

双歧杆菌培养及保藏方法比选研究

对双歧杆菌进行了不同培养方法和保藏方法的比选研究。双歧杆菌在厌氧条件下,液体培养比斜面培养的生长状况好。双歧杆菌的保藏,短期适宜用液体保藏法,中长期适宜用液体石蜡保藏法、冷冻保藏法或冷冻干燥保藏法。     

啤酒酵母菌种的石蜡保藏技术

啤酒酵母菌种是啤酒生产的灵魂，因而得到一支好的菌种，人们无不十分珍惜,在将它应用于生产的同时，总是千方百计把它很好保藏起来，以利长久应用。啤酒酵母菌种保存的方法很多，诸如固体斜面保藏法、液体试管保藏法、真空冷冻干燥保藏法、液体石蜡保藏法等，这些方法各有千秋，选择应用无有不可。但据笔者实践，上述诸种方法中，液体石蜡保藏法具有设备简单、操作方便、存活率高、变异少、优良种性能保持较长时间的优点，故实用价值较高，值得推广。笔者曾用此法保存啤酒酵母菌种十数载，取得了“年年用好种，岁岁没买种”的好结果。现将…     

保藏方法和期限对肠膜明串珠菌发酵收率的影响

通过对肠膜明串珠菌菌种进行冷冻管、液体管和斜面试管等保藏方法的比较,结果表明:冻干菌种保藏方法最优,保存期可达24年以上;但必须先优化菌种,选择发酵收率高和稳定性好的菌株制备冻干菌种,以供工业生产所需.     

食用菌包埋菌种低温保藏期间的试验研究

对十种食用菌包埋菌种进行保藏环境和保藏时间的试验研究,结果表明:包埋菌种在4℃环境下保藏时间在1年以内,在-25℃低温下保藏时间在3年以上。本试验对扩大食用菌液体菌种的应用范围和应用时间具有重要意义。     

一种糖蜜酒精酵母中长期保藏技术的研究

主要介绍一种以改良甘油冷冻保藏法保藏糖蜜酒精酵母菌的技术。实验结果表明,利用改良甘油冷冻保藏法保藏菌株5年,酵母菌体形态及主要性质特征保持良好,且该法操作简便、经济有效,可满足糖蜜酒精生产菌种中长期保藏要求。     

海参冻干-微波联合干燥技术研究

由于海参离开海水后很快会发生自溶,所以海参一般都是脱水后在市场上流通。传统的海参干制方法耗时太长,而且品质较差;真空冷冻干燥方法可以获得品质优良的海参干制品,但能耗太大。为了缩短冷冻干燥的干燥时间,同时保证海参的干燥质量,将海参真空冷冻干燥至一定含水率,再进行真空微波干燥,并与其他典型干燥方法进行了比较,发现微波-冻干联合干燥方法能有效缩短冻干时间,其产品和常规冻干产品无明显差异。     

Thermal Inactivation of Microorganisms

This paper serves as an overview of various aspects of thermal processing. Heat processing of foods has a long history and is still one of the most important preservation methods. To guarantee microbiological safety and stability, large safety margins are often applied in traditional heat processes. Because of the need for more fresh like foods, there is a need for milder preservation methods without compromising on safety and stability. The review deals with heat resistance data and mathematical models that describe heat inactivation. The effects of food composition are not yet fully clear and more knowledge of the cell physiology of the target microorganism could be of help in predicting the effects of food constituents. Finally, special attention has been paid to biological time temperature indicators to enable proper process calculations.     

渔用麻醉剂MS-222、丁香酚在鲜活水产品运输中的应用及检测方法研究进展

海产品味道鲜美,营养丰富,深受人们喜爱。海产品的新鲜程度直接影响着它的口感和价值,所以对海产品的保鲜及运输过程提出了很高的要求。现已有多种方法运输鲜活海产品,如充氧保活,麻醉保活,冰温无水保活等。充氧保活、冰温无水保活的方法成本较高,保活时间较短,不适合长途运输;而丁香酚和间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲烷磺酸盐(MS-222)的低毒及其保鲜时间长等特性,被多个国家广泛使用。本文综述了渔用麻醉剂MS-222、丁香酚在水产品运输中的应用及检测方法,探讨了渔用麻醉剂存在的问题和发展前景,希望能为我国渔用麻醉剂的管理提供基础信息。     

基于响应面分析的刺参渗透脱水工艺

由于刺参离开海水后很快会发生自溶,所以刺参一般都是脱水后在市场上流通.传统的刺参干制方法耗时太长,而且品质较差.渗透处理可有效降低刺参的初始含水率,几乎没有额外能耗,因此可有效降低后续干燥处理的能耗.采用可旋转的中心组合试验,利用响应面分析方法,对刺参在渗透过程中的主要工艺参数对失水率和固形物增加率的影响进行分析,并得到优化的渗透工艺参数.     

A novel dielectric drying method of sea cucumber

The sea cucumber autolyses readily so it must be dehydrated for preservation. Traditional drying methods of sea cucumber need very long time and have adverse effect on quality. Hence, a novel microwave freeze drying technique was developed to dry sea cucumber. Because microwave heating is a function of dielectric properties of the material in microwave field, dielectric properties of sea cucumber were determined. As expected, the dielectric loss factor of sea cucumbers was very low in frozen state, and several pretreatments (nanoscale calcium carbonate impregnation and vacuum impregnation, salt impregnation, etc.) were analysed to improve the dielectric properties of sea cucumber. Vacuum impregnation with nanoscale calcium carbonate combined with microwave freeze drying was found to be an efficient drying method for sea cucumber by anova (P < 0.01). Compared with microwave freeze drying method without any treatments, this drying method could reduce the drying time by up to two hours.     

Preservation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts: Current technologies and challenges

There is a recent and growing interest in the study and application of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, mainly in fermented foods. Numerous publications and patents show the importance of these yeasts. However, a fundamental issue in studying and applying them is to ensure an appropriate preservation scheme that allows to the non-Saccharomyces yeasts conserve their characteristics and fermentative capabilities by long periods of time. The main objective of this review is to present and analyze the techniques available to preserve these yeasts (by conventional and non-conventional methods), in small or large quantities for laboratory or industrial applications, respectively. Wine fermentation is one of the few industrial applications of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, but the preservation stage has been a major obstacle to achieve a wider application of these yeasts. This review considers the preservation techniques, and clearly defines parameters such as culturability, viability, vitality and robustness. Several conservation strategies published in research articles as well as patents are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique used are discussed. Another important issue during conservation processes is the stress to which yeasts are subjected at the time of preservation (mainly oxidative stress). There is little published information on the subject for non-Saccharomyces yeast, but it is a fundamental point to consider when designing a preservation strategy.     

壳聚糖复合膜与辐照保鲜技术对贵长猕猴桃保鲜效果的研究

该实验研究了不同壳聚糖复合膜和不同剂量辐照保鲜技术对贵长猕猴桃保鲜的效果。结果表明,壳聚糖复合膜在短期内保鲜效果较好;辐照处理在储藏初期会加速样品软化,更适合猕猴桃的长期储存。其中3 kGy剂量的辐照处理的贵长猕猴桃在储藏60 d时硬度为16.67 N,可滴定酸含量为1.65%,维生素C（VC）含量为14.57 mg/100 g,可溶性固形物含量为16.70%,质量损失为10.72%;储藏200 d时,烂果率28%,皱缩率34%,均低于空白样品。能够有效的防止猕猴桃腐败病变,延长储藏时间。猕猴桃在储藏过程中,可以根据实际情况选择不同的保鲜处理方式。     

采后熏蒸1-甲基环丙烯对西兰花保鲜效果的影响及主成分分析

为解决采后西兰花不能及时预冷的问题,本文拟采用1 μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯（1-Methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）于20±2 ℃处理西兰花6 h,通过测定采后西兰花的基础生理生化指标及相关抗氧化酶活性,探讨采后立即1-MCP处理对西兰花的保鲜效果。结果表明:1-MCP处理能够显著提高西兰花贮藏1 d内的感官品质,抑制了呼吸强度,保持了较高的总硫代葡萄糖苷含量,提高了POD、APX、SOD活性;1-MCP处理和预冷+冷藏处理都刺激了H₂O₂产生,抑制了CAT活性。主成分分析结果表明:色差a*、呼吸强度、过氧化氢含量、硫代葡萄糖苷含量、CAT活性是西兰花保鲜中的关键性指标。本研究表明西兰花采后立即用1-MCP处理能够取得良好的保鲜效果,可以在无法及时预冷的情况下起到代替作用,为西兰花的冷链运输和产业化提供理论依据。     

Feasibility of Coupling Dehydration-Impregnation by Soaking Treatment of Meat with Fermentation by Lactobacillus sakei

This study examined the feasibility of coupling dehydration-impregnation by soaking (DIS) with a subsequent lactic fermentation in the treatment of meat. A series of beef fillets were subjected to 3 different DIS treatments. The resulting DIS-treated fillets had 3 different characteristics in terms of water activity, salt, and fermentable sugars contents. Fillets treated with the DIS with the shortest immersion time (5 h) and the highest salt concentration in the DIS bath (100 g/L) were inoculated with Lactobacillus sakei. A control group was left without inoculation. After 24 h incubation at 25 °C, only inoculated fillets showed signs of lactic fermentation. At 24 h, these fillets had a d-lactic acid content of 68 μmol/g dry basis and a high population of L. sakei revealed by methods of plate count and quantitative PCR. DIS could therefore be compatible with a subsequent fermentation step by L. sakei. Practical Application: Traditional meat preservation processes often combine unit operations such as salting, smoking, fermentation, and drying. In tropical countries, high temperatures and high relative humidity, poor infrastructure, and improper slaughterhouse practices explain the need for more drastic processes (more salt, more water loss) for meat preservation. Dehydration-impregnation by soaking (DIS) could be used as a rapid pretreatment of meat, in order to counteract tropical conditions. This study validates a novel approach whereby DIS is coupled with lactic fermentation by surface inoculation with Lactobacillus sakei. With a final drying step this process could be used for the treatment of whole meat pieces.     

肉类低温保藏技术(英文)

With the development of science and technology the research on low temperature has become more and more important.Its application has become wider and wider.Low temperature meat products have the advantage of damaging least to organizational structure,stored long time,good effect and so on.It's considered to be the best methods for meat products preservation.This paper reviews the principle,method and new technology of the low temperature processing.