对向靶溅射高饱和磁化强度(Fe,Ti)-N薄膜

本实验用对向靶溅射仪分别在S(100),NaCl单晶衬底上成功地制备出具有高饱和磁化强度的(Fe,Ti)-N薄膜,研究了氮气分压和衬底温度对薄膜结构与磁性的影响.氮气分压为0.04～0.07 Pa,衬底温度为100～150℃时,有利于Fe16N2相的形成,在此条件下制备的(Fe,Ti)-N薄膜的饱和磁化强度为2.3～2.46T,超过纯Fe的饱和磁化强度值.     

对向靶溅射高饱和磁化强度（Fe,Ti）—N薄膜

本实验用对向靶溅射仪分别在Ｓｉ（１００），ＮａＣｌ单昌衬底上成功地制备出具有高饱和磁化强度的（Ｆｅ，Ｔｉ）－Ｎ薄膜，研究了氮气分压和衬底温度对结构与磁性的影响。氮气分压为０．０４－０．０７Ｐａ，衬底温度淡１００－１５０℃时，有利于Ｆｅ１６Ｎ２相的形成，在此条件下制备的（Ｆｅ，Ｔｉ）－Ｎ薄膜的饱和磁化强度为２．３－２。．４６Ｔ，超过纯Ｆｅ的饱和磁化强度值。     

基片及基片温度对Fe4N薄膜的形成及其特性的影响

以双离子束溅射法在（111）硅片和玻璃上分别制得了单－γ′－Fe4N薄膜，研究了基片及基片温度对薄膜的结构和磁性能的影响，结果表明，（111）硅片为基片，可制得无晶粒择优取向的单一γ′－Fe4N相；而以玻璃为基片，在基片温度为160℃时，则可制得具有（100）面晶粒取向的单一γ′－Fe4N相薄膜，与无晶粒择优取向的γ′－Fe4N相比较，具有（100）面晶粒取向的γ′－Fe4N相的矫顽力较低，易达到磁饱和，但二者的饱和磁化强度基本一致。     

FBAR用AlN薄膜的射频反应溅射制备研究

采用射频反应磁控溅射法，制备了用于薄膜体声波谐振器的（002）取向的氮化铝薄膜。氮化铝薄膜为（002）取向为主混合少量（103）取向。氮化铝薄膜生长模式表面二维均匀成核再沿C轴堆垛生长。基片温度明显影响薄膜的取向，获得好的（002）取向的基片温度在380℃～400℃之间。不同的氮气分压比存在金属模式、过渡模式和氮化物模式，要进入稳定的氮化物模式。氮气分压比为0．3～0．4，氮气分压比高有利于（002）取向。射频馈入功率密度影响到成膜速率，且与氮气分压关联，较合适的值为12W／cm^2～15W／cm^2。     

钛合金表面非平衡磁控溅射制备氮化钛薄膜性能研究

本文利用非平衡磁控溅射技术，通过改变薄膜沉积时氮气和氩气分压比（PN／PAr）和靶基距，在Si（100）和钛合金（Ti6A14V）基体上制备了氮化钛薄膜。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、HXD-1000显微硬度仪和（CSEM）销盘摩擦磨损实验机对氮化钛薄膜的晶体结构、断面形貌、显微硬度和耐磨性进行了表征。研究发现，利用非平衡磁控溅射制备出致密的氮化钛薄膜，PN／PAr较小时，氮化钛薄膜中存在Ti2N相，Ti2N能够提高薄膜的硬度与耐磨性，随着N2／Ar的提高，薄膜硬度、耐磨性提高，当PN／PAr达到0．1时，随着N2／Ar的提高，薄膜硬度、耐磨性降低。结果表明，在钛合金表面制备氮化钛薄膜可以显著提高钛合金表面硬度与耐磨性，在改善用于人工心脏瓣膜的力学性能，提高人工心脏瓣膜的瓣架耐磨性，提高人工心脏瓣膜的寿命方面有较广阔的应用前景。     

Fe-Ni-N薄膜的结构及磁性

用双离子束溅射法在玻璃基片上制得了Fe-Ni-N薄膜，研究了Ni含,源气氛及退火温度对Fe-Ni-N薄膜的结构，磁性及热稳定性的影响。选择合适的工艺条件，可制得在（100）面方向有100％晶粒取向度的单一γ′（Fe,Ni)4N相，Ni含量为6．7％（摩尔分数）的Fe-Ni-N薄膜具有较的软磁性能，其饱和磁化强度Ms为2．04T，矫顽力Hc为0.68kA/m。但是随着Ni含量的提高，Fe-Ni-N薄膜的热稳定下降，在主源气压比PN2／PAr较低时，有利于氮含量较低的γ′相的形成，在较高的PN2／PAr条件下，则形成氮含量较高的ε-（Fe,Ni)2-3N相和ξ－（Fe,Ni)2N相。     

SiO2/Si上直流磁控反应溅射制备AIN薄膜

利用正交设计分析了直流磁控溅射中溅射气压,衬底温度和N2浓度对SiO2/Si衬底上制备的AIN薄膜的（002）择优取向的影响水平。利用X-射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）对薄膜的晶向和表面形貌进行了分析,得到制备高度择优取向的AIN薄膜的最佳期望条件：衬底温度为250℃,溅射气压为2Pa,N2浓度为75％;并得出了氮气浓度对薄膜的（002）择优取向的影响较大。具有择优取向的AIN薄膜的折射率约为2．06。     

Sol-gel法制备Si基Bi_3.15Nd_0.85Ti_3O_12铁电薄膜

采用Sol-gel法分别在Si（100）和Si（111）衬底上制备Bi3．15Nd0．85Ti3012（BNT）铁电薄膜。研究了衬底、退火温度、退火保温时间和薄膜厚度等因素对BNT铁电薄膜结晶和微观结构的影响。在500℃退火的BNT薄膜已经结晶形成层状钙钛矿相;升高退火温度（500-800℃）、延长保温时间（30-15...     

氮化铁梯度薄膜的制备和磁性研究

用对向靶溅射方法制备出氮化铁梯度薄膜。利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对样品进行了深度剖面分析：铁原子和氮原子的百分含量沿膜厚方向呈梯度变化。X射线衍射表明膜中含有α－Fe，α”－Fe16N2，ε－FexN（2＜x≤3）和ξ-FeN各相。随着氮分压增加，膜中含氮量高的相比例亦增加，饱和磁通密度逐渐降低。     

沉积参量对硼碳氮薄膜光透过性质的影响

采用射频磁控溅射技术,用六角氮化硼和石墨为溅射靶,以氩气(Ar)和氮气(N2)为工作气体,在玻璃衬底上制备出硼碳氮(BCN)薄膜.通过改变氮气分压比、衬底温度及沉积时间,研究了沉积参量对薄膜光透过性质的影响.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)及可见-近红外透过光谱对薄膜进行了表征.实验结果表明,所制备薄膜在400～1000nm波段具有较高透过率.并且沉积参量对BCN薄膜的透过性能有很大影响,适当改变沉积参量能获得透过率高于90%的BCN薄膜.在固定其它条件只改变一个沉积参量的情况下,得到制备具有较高透过率的BCN薄膜的最佳沉积条件:氮气分压比为1/3、沉积温度为300℃、沉积时间为1h.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.