纳米ZSM-5分子筛的合成研究

相比于微米ZSM-5分子筛,纳米ZSM-5分子筛具有孔道短,酸量多,外表面积大,抗积炭失活等优势。通过添加分散介质、分散剂、矿化剂及晶种导向剂等手段抑或通过不同的合成方法,可以得到纳米ZSM-5分子筛。文章综述了纳米ZSM-5分子筛的合成影响因素及合成方法。     

ZSM-5分子筛的合成与改性研究进展

ZSM-5分子筛是一种在石油催化裂化过程中常用的择型分子筛,具有良好的热稳定性、耐酸性和择型选择性。催化剂中ZSM-5分子筛的添加可以提高汽油辛烷值和烯烃产率。目前,中国已经形成了以催化裂化为主的重质油加工工艺,2013年原油加工量超过4亿t/a。在未来相当长一段时间,催化裂化加工重质劣质原料油仍是炼油厂的工作重点。综述了近年来国内外ZSM-5分子筛的合成与改性研究进展,为今后ZSM-5分子筛合成与改性方面的研究提供了一定的借鉴和参考。     

ZSM-5分子筛合成及其改性研究进展

ZSM-5分子筛在化学化工中应用广泛.详细阐述了ZSM-5沸石分子筛的各种合成方法,并介绍了常用的高温水热处理、金属改性和磷改性等改性技术现状及其应用,以及近年来的研究和开发应用最新进展,为ZSM-5分子筛的开发利用提供新的思路.     

超微ZSM-5分子筛的合成

将原料硫酸铝、硅酸钠以及模板剂按不同配比,在实验室采用常规加热温度和压力合成超微ZSM-5分子筛,采用静态苯吸附、XRD、SEM和IR等表征方法对所得样品进行表征,结果表明,合成的产品从晶体结构符合ZSM-5分子筛的典型结构,颗粒大小达到超微分子范围。     

ZSM-5分子筛的研究进展

介绍了ZSM-5分子筛的基本结构,比较了ZSM-5分子筛在不同条件下合成情况,阐述了ZSM-5分子筛的改性的现状,促进ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的研发工作进一步发展。     

新型高硅ZSM-5分子筛的合成与工业应用

ZSM-5分子筛由于具有独特的三维孔道结构和良好的催化性能,而成为一种非常重要的择形催化材料,并被广泛应用于石油化工过程中。通过实验合成制备一种新型高硅ZSM-5分子筛,并考察了焙烧条件对质量的影响,对分子筛各项理化性质进行了表征,同时按照推荐工艺开展了工业试生产,生产出合格的产品,显示出较好的应用前景。     

纳米ZSM-5沸石分子筛合成的影响因素综述

纳米ZSM-5沸石分子筛作为一种新催化材料日益受到人们的关注,综述了影响其合成的各种因素:分散剂、矿化剂、导向剂、碱金属离子、合成工艺等,影响因素多且各因素互相影响。要合成超细的ZSM-5纳米沸石,必须系统地考察各合成条件和合成参数之间的影响,并通过实验优化各个合成参数。     

小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛的合成、改性与应用综述

沸石分子筛的粒径大小是影响其性能的一个重要参数。小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛因其具有更大的外表面积,更多的活性中心,高表面能,在提高催化剂利用率,增加大分子转化能力,减小深度反应,提高选择性以及降低结焦失活等方面均表现出优越性能,得到人们的广泛关注。本文综述了小晶粒ZSM一5分子筛的合成方法,改性手段与催化应用优势。     

ZSM-5分子筛择形催化剂的工业应用

详细介绍了ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的结构特点,及其在有机合成、精细化工、环保等领域的应用。     

Conventional and microwave hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite ZSM-5 from the cupola slag

ZSM-5 type zeolites have been prepared from cupola slag waste using both conventional hydrothermal and microwave syntheses at 130–200 °C. The ZSM-5 was synthesized by conventional heating by taking advantage of the high silica content of cupola slags. Microwave heating increased the rate of ZSM-5 formation by 4 times at 150 °C compared with conventional heating. The Si/Al ratio of the ZSM-5 produced by the conventional heating and the microwave crystallization were similar 28 and 29, respectively. The conventional-heating produced ZSM-5 particles 3 μm in diameter, while, microwave-heating produced smaller ZSM-5 particles only 0.3 μm in size.     

Organic template-free synthesis of ZSM-5/ZSM-11 co-crystalline zeolite

A series of ZSM-5/ZSM-11 co-crystalline zeolites with various compositions and morphologies were successfully synthesized via an organic template-free hydrothermal route and characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM, NMR and N₂ adsorption/desorption technologies. The effects of raw materials and batch composition were investigated systematically. Various silicon sources can be employed in the organic template-free synthesis of ZSM-5/ZSM-11 co-crystalline zeolite, however only a few types of aluminum sources are available. This organic template-free system is favorable to the aluminum-rich zeolite. With the increase of initial SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio, the ZSM-5 percentage in the ZSM-5/ZSM-11 co-crystalline zeolite increases as well as the crystal size, and especially the morphology of ZSM-5/ZSM-11 co-crystalline zeolite prepared from the colloidal silica-NaAlO₂ solution system changes gradually from nano-rod aggregation, micro-spindle to single hexagon and then to twinned hexagon crystals. Moreover, Na⁺ and OH⁻ in the initial materials can promote the nucleation of the ZSM-5/ZSM-11 co-crystalline zeolite significantly and are beneficial to the formation of crystals with relatively low length/width ratio, while K⁺ postpones the crystallization process seriously.     

Light-emitting boron nitride nanoparticles encapsulated in zeolite ZSM-5

We report strong visible photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature from BN nanoparticles encapsulated in ZSM-5. The investigation of powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, adsorption of N₂, UV–Vis absorption, and PL spectra shows that BN nanoparticles have been successfully encapsulated in ZSM-5. Intense blue PL can be obtained from the BN/ZSM-5 sample. Analysis of PL spectra leads us to propose that the luminescence may originate from the bound excitons at the defects or impurities in the BN nanoparticles, a quasi-direct-gap semiconductor material transferred from indirect-gap BN by encapsulation in ZSM-5.     

ZSM-5沸石合成与改性技术进展

ZSM-5沸石在石油化工过程中得到广泛应用。阐述了ZSM-5沸石的合成、改性技术现状及其应用以及近年来的研究和开发应用最新进展，为ZSM-5沸石的开发利用提供新的思路。     

Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite and silicalite from rice husk ash

Local rice husk was precleaned and properly heat treated to produce high purity amorphous SiO₂ for use in the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite and silicalite by hydrothermal treatment (150 °C) of the precursor gels (pH 11) under autogenous pressure in a short reaction time (4–24 h). A wide range of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratios (30–2075) and a small template content were employed to fully exploit the potential of rice husk ash (RHA). The mineralogical phases, morphology, specific surface area and pore volume of the synthesized products were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and BET analyses, respectively. Under the employed conditions, it was found that the gels with a low range of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratios (<80) produced an amorphous phase to poorly crystalline ZSM-5 zeolite; those with a medium range (80–200) favored well crystalline ZSM-5 zeolite production with a large surface area; whilst those with a high range of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratios (>200) yielded silicalite. The increase in Na₂O content, which was derived from the addition of NaAlO₂ to attain the desired SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio of the gel, did not significantly enhance the crystallization rate, crystallinity, or yield of products. On the contrary, these properties were greatly affected by the increase in the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio.     

In-situ synthesis and catalytic activity of ZSM-5 zeolite

ZSM-5 zeolite has been hydrothermally synthesized in-situ on the external surface of calcined kaolinite in the presence of n-butylamine. This supported zeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and N₂ adsorption. Several synthesis variables were systematically investigated, including SiO₂ to Al₂O₃ ratio, pH, crystallization time, and crystallization temperature. After mixing the ZSM-5 with a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst, catalytic performance was evaluated by cracking vacuum gas oil (VGO) in a micro-fixed bed reactor. ZSM-5 addition was favorable for the production of light olefins by catalytic cracking of VGO.     

Acidity and catalytic activity of mesoporous ZSM-5 in comparison with zeolite ZSM-5, Al-MCM-41 and silica–alumina

Acidity of mesoporous HZSM-5 prepared using amphiphilic organosilane template molecules was measured. Brønsted acid sites were observed in the prepared sample, and the number and the strength of Brønsted acid sites were determined quantitatively by a method of infrared-mass spectroscopy/temperature-programmed desorption (IRMS-TPD) of ammonia. ΔH for ammonia adsorption as an index of the strength was ca. 150 kJ mol⁻¹ that was almost the same as on usual HZSM-5, but the number was smaller than that of HZSM-5. From the measured acidity, it was concluded that the mesoporous materials contained a smaller concentration of Brønsted acid site notable on the structure of HZSM-5. Measurements of turnover frequency (TOF) in the catalytic cracking of octane supported the conclusion. Density functional calculations showed that the defect sites Al–OH and Si–OH attached to the Brønsted acid site changed the strength of the acid sites to show some possible structures of the weak and strong Brønsted acid sites included in the mesoporous HZSM-5. Acidities of Al-MCM-41 and silica–alumina were also measured, and the difference in the solid acidities of these materials was discussed.     

ZSM-5沸石的改性及其在烷基化反应中的应用进展

ZSM-5沸石在石油化工中的应用非常重要。本文对ZSM-5沸石的改性技术的现状及其近年来在烷基化反应中的开发应用的最新进展进行了综合阐述,ZSM-5沸石的应用已取得了一定的成果,为其今后的开发利用提供了新的思路。     

ZSM-5分子筛膜合成条件对膜脱硫性能的影响

采用正交实验,考察了ZSM-5分子筛膜制备过程中合成液碱量、硅铝比、模板剂用量对成膜的影响,并采用单组分模拟汽油进行脱硫实验。从脱硫效果看,得出了用于脱除噻吩和苯并噻吩各自的最佳合成液配比。按最佳配比制备出两膜,用XRD、SEM对膜进行表征,确定了所合成的膜为ZSM-5分子筛膜,并估算出两膜的孔径分别为0.58 nm、0.64 nm。结果表明,合成液配比主要影响膜的孔径大小,从而影响着ZSM-5分子筛膜的分子筛分性能,最后指出当ZSM-5分子筛膜的孔径略小于硫化物分子动力学直径时,脱硫效果最佳。