基于轨迹法的气体箔片轴承动态特性系数辨识

气体箔片轴承的动态特性系数(动态刚度系数和动态阻尼系数)是该类轴承支承转子系统的瞬态动力学计算和稳定性分析的重要参数,针对传统基于摄动法的动态特性系数计算仅考虑单个涡动比,提出基于轨迹法的动态特性系数辨识方法,对转子施加简谐激励,联立气膜雷诺方程和转子运动方程得到转子的轴心轨迹,采用线性简谐激振法和简谐激振法辨识出轴承的动态特性系数。以某气体箔片轴承为例,采用线性简谐激振法、简谐激振法对其动态特性系数进行计算,计算结果与摄动法均存在一定的差距,但对于气体箔片轴承在可接受范围之内。     

未知传递函数情况下主动电磁悬浮系统支承特性在线测量

分析了主动电磁悬浮系统支承的等效刚度和阻尼的理论计算方法。从闭环系统的角度出发,提出了一种不依赖于系统传递函数的等效刚度和阻尼的在线测量方法。以PID控制为例进行对比实验,分析了控制参数、激振幅度和激振频率对主动电磁悬浮系统支承等效刚度和阻尼的影响。结果表明,所提出的测量方法能够实时在线地对主动电磁悬浮系统支承的等效刚度和阻尼进行准确识别。     

磁悬浮轴承的刚度阻尼测量

提出一种磁悬浮轴承刚度阻尼的测量方法。通过对转子施加脉冲激振,计算局部时段的电磁力,识别出磁悬浮轴承的刚度和阻尼。仿真和实验研究表明,此方法可有效测量磁悬浮轴承刚度阻尼。     

径向-推力联合浮环动静压轴承动态特性试验研究

在径向-推力联合浮环动静压轴承理论计算和分析的基础上,设计制造了轴承试件及相关的试验装置,改制了试验台。采用静动法和激振法相结合首次测得了径向部分内外膜8个刚度系数和轴向部分2个刚度系数及径向部分总的4个阻尼系数和轴向部分的1个阻尼系数。根据试验数据绘制不同转速下各动特性系数随偏心率的变化曲线,并与理论计算结果进行比较,二者基本一致。     

正弦激振测定轴承的刚度和阻尼

在研究机床主轴系统动态性能时,必须知道轴承的支承参数,即,径向刚度K、径向阻尼C_r、角刚度K_c和角阻尼C_a,见图(1)。目前这些参数值,往往是通过试验确定。在结构分析中,刚度值可以通过静态或动态试验来测定,但阻尼系数的识别只能用动态方法测定,所以一般采用动态试验同时测定刚度和阻尼。在被测系统上施以单频的正弦扫频激振或是宽频的瞬态的随机激振,测出系统在激振力F的响应,根据参数识别的基本理论,就可求出系统的各参数。笔者在对某型机床主轴特性进行研究时,为了建立可供电算的主轴系统力学模型,采用一些     

滚动轴承支承刚度计算

滚动轴承的支承刚度计算是研究轴-滚动轴承系统动力学的关键问题之一。文中以深沟球轴承为例,采用力法和Hertz理论研究滚动轴承的受力与变形关系,在此基础上得到滚动轴承的支承刚度计算公式。着重探讨滚动体位置变化、离心力的作用、轴承的游隙和预紧、径向力和轴向力作用等因素对滚动轴承支承刚度的影响。计算结果表明:离心力的作用、轴承的游隙和预紧、径向力和轴向力作用对滚动轴承的支承刚度影响较大,滚动体位置变化对滚动轴承的支承刚度影响较小。所得结果为准确计算轴-滚动轴承系统动力学问题提供了前提条件。     

不同瓦面形貌参数的曲面可倾瓦推力轴承动特性仿真研究*

为了揭示瓦块曲面形貌参数对船舶可倾瓦推力轴承动特性的影响规律,建立可倾瓦推力轴承瞬态热流体动压润滑模型,采用轴向扰动法研究轴承刚度和阻尼系数的计算方法并进行了验证。设计6种瓦面形貌,仿真分析不同形貌类型和瓦面弯曲程度对推力轴承动特性的影响规律。结果表明：推力轴承刚度系数随激振频率的增加而上升,阻尼系数随激振频率的增加而下降;在相同激振频率下,仅考虑一个方向的形貌改变,周向瓦面凸起量的增加可以增加油膜厚度,降低轴承的刚度和阻尼系数,但径向凸起量的增加对轴承的刚度阻尼系数几乎无影响;仅考虑径向凹陷时,阻尼系数随凹陷量的增加而增加并可达到最大;当同时考虑周向和径向的形貌变化时,则周向凸起量是轴承主要的影响因素。     

缝纫机旋梭轴转子动力学特性研究

针对缝纫机旋梭轴系高速运行不稳定的问题,计算了旋梭轴系的转子动力学,分析了失稳的原因,对旋梭轴系稳定性进行了理论分析,对旋梭轴转子动力学特性进行了仿真研究。首先,根据缝纫机转子瞬时位置及其受力情况,推导出了转子动力学方程,建立了旋梭轴系动力学分析模型;然后,在ANSYS Workbench软件中对刚性支承下旋梭轴系进行了转子动力学仿真分析,通过模态分析和不平衡响应分析,找到了旋梭轴系在工作转速内失稳的原因;最后,研究了旋梭轴径、支承位置、支承刚度、阻尼系数、轴向预紧力对旋梭轴系稳定性的影响,确定了满足使用工况的旋梭轴系结构和支承刚度范围。研究结果表明：缝纫机工作转速内有1个临界转速,影响了旋梭轴系的稳定性;增大轴径对提升临界转速的效果不明显;增加一个支承点,轴承刚度高于1 000 N/mm,轴套支承刚度高于100 N/mm,阻尼系数小于0.1,轴向预紧力小于100 N;旋梭轴系在工作转速内可以稳定运行。     

基于叶轮转子系统下的干气密封轴向振动分析*

为探究基于叶轮转子系统下干气密封轴向振动特性,基于干气密封结构特性,建立叶轮转子-轴承-干气密封系统轴向振动模型,采用待定系数法进行求解,推导得出静环轴向振动幅值表达式;建立叶轮转子-轴承-干气密封系统几何模型,运用ANSYS Workbench软件进行模拟仿真计算,分析气膜刚度和激振力对轴向振动的影响。结果表明:气膜刚度对动、静环振动幅值的影响不大;动、静环振动频率相同、振动幅值相同,说明动、静环的追随性高,其间隙稳定,从而保证干气密封的稳定运行;动、静环位振动幅值与激振力成正比关系,说明激振力严重影响干气密封的稳定性,为提高干气密封的稳定性,应平衡好叶轮的轴向激振力。     

考虑激振频率的可倾瓦推力轴承动特性理论与试验研究

为了研究激振频率对可倾瓦推力轴承动特性的影响,提出考虑激振频率的动特性建模方法和试验方法。依据可倾瓦轴承刚度和阻尼定义,将激振频率引入可倾瓦推力轴承动特性计算过程,通过建立轴向扰动下的膜厚方程、雷诺方程及瓦块运动方程,推导出包含激振频率的可倾瓦推力轴承动特性数学模型,计算分析刚度和阻尼随扰动频率(激振频率与主轴转频的比值)、转速及载荷的变化规律;采用脉冲激振法在可倾瓦推力轴承试验台进行动特性试验,得到不同激振频率、转速及载荷条件下刚度、阻尼的试验结果,并和相应的理论计算值进行对比分析。结果表明：当扰动频率较小时,可倾瓦推力轴承刚度随其增加而逐步增大,阻尼随其增加而逐步减小;当扰动频率增加到一定程度后,其刚度和阻尼逐步趋于稳定。此外,转速和载荷对其刚度和阻尼随扰动频率的变化幅度基本无影响。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.