Modelling high concentration settling slurry flows

The well‐known two‐layer model for predicting friction losses for pipeline flows of settling slurries has been extended to solids concentrations above 35% by volume. This has been achieved by incorporating new experimental results to account for increases in friction which have been observed with “settling” slurries at high concentrations. The kinetic (fluid‐like) friction appears to increase with solids concentration in a manner which suggests that particle‐wall contact plays an important role. The experiments also suggest that the fraction of the total solids which contributes Coulombic (velocity insensitive) friction also increases to some extent at high concentrations. This effect is expressed in a tentative correlation which employs a slurry Reynolds number. In addition, new experimental measurements of delivered and in‐situ concentrations have been used to test predictions made with the previous version of the model. The measurements show that the interracial friction factor proposed recently by Wilson and coworkers is preferable for slurries of coarse particles.     

水煤焦浆的成浆性能研究

笔者选择萘系表面活性剂作为分散剂,考察了水、煤、石油焦的成浆性能,研制一种新型环保石油替代燃料——水煤焦浆。实验结果表明添加适量的磺酸盐类分散剂和无机盐稳定剂后,水、煤、石油焦呈现较好的成浆性能,可替代传统的水煤浆和水焦浆。实验还研究了煤焦配比、稳定剂、温度等对水煤焦浆的成浆性能的影响。     

高效催化剂在淤浆法HDPE装置上的应用

分析了THG高效催化剂在淤浆法聚乙烯装置应用中出现的聚合釜粘壁、换热器堵塞、管线堵塞、产品粉末聚集体增多等问题,其主要原因是聚合釜内催化剂浓度高、THG催化剂粒径小等。通过调整催化剂配制工艺和改变催化剂的注人方式可以避免问题的发生。     

Characterization of liquid‐liquid flows in horizontal pipes

Diverse flow regimes have been encountered in liquid‐liquid flows. Some degree of consistency in the observed flow patterns is shown in reported studies, while inconsistency exits when physical properties of the two phases concerned are wide enough. An attempt was made in this study to investigate the mechanisms behind flow patterns of liquid‐liquid flows in horizontal pipes. A literature review on flow patterns of liquid‐liquid flows in horizontal pipes was conducted. The ratio of the gravitational force to viscous force was proposed to characterize liquid‐liquid flows in horizontal pipes into gravitational force dominant, viscous force dominant, and gravitational force and viscous force comparable flow featured with different basic flow regimes. Comparisons of the proposed characterization criterion with the literature data show good agreement. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1132–1143, 2017     

非金属微粉低密度水泥浆的制备

低密度水泥浆可解决低压易漏井固井时水泥浆漏失的难题,但由于其水泥石抗压强度低、体积收缩大,严重影响了固井质量和油井寿命.用外掺法在水泥颗粒空隙中添加非金属微粉,降低水泥石的孔隙率和收缩率,并提高其抗压强度.研究结果表明,与相同密度(1.4 g/cm3)掺有漂珠的低密度水泥浆相比,掺有非金属微粉的低密度水泥石的抗压强度显著提高,水化1 d后有害孔率降低了72.4%,7 d体积收缩率降低了58.9%,水泥浆的工程性能基本满足固井施工的技术要求.     

浆体管道中大颗粒干涉力研究

为了研究输送大颗粒的垂直浆体管道中固体颗粒所受的干涉力,采用相关专家的实验数据,发现大颗粒垂直浆体管道中大颗粒受到的干涉力要大于小颗粒所受的干涉力。在此基础上,采用数据拟合方式给出了干涉力修正系数的表达形式。将得到的干涉力应用于管道中颗粒受力分析中,并运用在大颗粒垂直管道阻力损失的计算模型中,通过实验数据验证了干涉力对阻力的影响。     

浆液法高效催化剂的乙烯聚合行为

考察了浆液法聚乙烯高效催化剂在总压0．7MPa、氢气分压0．18MPa下的乙烯聚合行为，表明催化剂活性中心失活符合一级规律，Al/Ti的影响可用Langmiur-Hinshelwood吸附竞争模型来描述；温度在70－90℃条件下，利用Arrhenius方程计算出了催化剂聚合反应的表现活化能为0．11kJ/mol。     

浆液外循环技术的应用

通过分析不同聚合热的撤除方式,阐述了淤浆法聚乙烯装置扩容改造选择浆液外循环技术的合理性,并通过对该技术关键工艺参数做必要的计算来进行论证。在不改变原聚合系统基本结构的基础上,通过增设一换热面积约80m2热负荷约3.51×106kJ/h的外冷却器即可提高生产能力约20%。对外循环系统的运行工艺条件提出优化方案。为防止外循环出现系统堵塞以及为保证外循环系统投运后的产品质量提出了相应的措施。     

榆林煤制水煤浆添加剂的筛选及成浆性研究

介绍了几种添加剂对榆林煤成浆性能的影响。实验发现,当萘系A与木质素A比例为40∶60时,对金牛沟煤较适合的水煤浆浓度为64%,添加剂加入量为0.5%。对上河沟煤较适合的水煤浆浓度为63%,添加剂用量0.6%。     

NT-1催化剂在淤浆法HDPE生产中的工业试用

介绍了国产NT-1催化剂在淤浆法高密度聚乙烯装置上首次工业化应用试验的情况,并将该催化剂的性能特点与其他催化剂进行了对比。工业试用结果表明,NT-1催化剂活性高、氢调敏感性好、聚合物细粉少,粒径分布集中。所生产的高密度聚乙烯产品达到优级品。     

制备高浓度水煤浆的影响因素探讨

综述了煤质特性、粒度分布、添加剂及制浆工艺等因素对气化用高浓度水煤浆制备的影响。制备高浓度水煤浆时,应根据不同煤种,选择适宜的粒度分布、添加剂、制浆工艺或配煤技术,才能制备出适合工业化应用的高性能水煤浆。     

Verification of the near-wall model for slurry flow

For a number of years, an analytical model of particulate slurry flow has been under development at GIW Industries, USA, while large bodies of experimental data, including concentration profiles, were obtained at the Saskatchewan Research Council, Canada, and other laboratories. The present paper amalgamates information from these sources, showing that the analytic predictions match the observed concentration profiles.     

淤浆法聚乙烯CX工艺及其催化剂研究进展

日本三井油化公司研发的淤浆法聚乙烯CX工艺控制技术先进,流程布局合理,牌号切换快捷,是应用广泛的聚乙烯生产工艺之一,主要用于生产高密度聚乙烯。介绍CX工艺流程,对日本三井油化公司开发的PZ和RZ系列催化剂、中国石化北京化工研究院研发的BCH和BCE系列催化剂、辽宁向阳科化集团开发的XY-H系列催化剂、中国石化石油化工科学研究院研发的NT-1催化剂以及中国石油自主研发的PSE-101催化剂等常用的CX工艺聚乙烯催化剂进行综述,对我国CX工艺聚乙烯催化剂的研究和应用提出建议。     

高温对浆态床中Fe-Cu-K-Si催化剂费托合成反应性能的影响

为了研究高温对费托铁基催化剂性能的影响,在浆态床反应器中考察了高温对Fe-Cu-K-Si费托合成催化剂反应活性及选择性的影响。催化剂评价结果表明,与265℃相比,320℃下搅拌釜内浆液高度降低22%,但液面高度保持平稳;CO转化率提高了20%,CO_2选择性降低了2%左右。提高反应温度后,CH_4和C_2~C_4选择性分别提高了4.7%和11.72%,C_2~C_4的烯烷比提高了1.99;C_3的烯烷比从4.27提高到7.64,C_2的烯烷比从3.00提高到3.87,但是C3的烯烷比提高幅度明显高于C_2。升高温度可提高费托合成的CO转化率、C_1~C_4低碳烃选择性及烯烷比,但也降低了C_(5+)的选择性。因此,工业生产中要根据烃类产品分布的实际需要来控制反应温度。     

湿法脱硫石灰石浆液的优化研究

为提高湿法脱硫效率,实现脱硫系统节能,以国华沧东电厂和保定热电为例,从石灰石浆液参数方面对石灰石浆液品质进行了优化研究,并通过现场实验测定和编程计算,对吸收塔内浆液液位和循环浆液量进行了优化研究。     

浆体长距离输送管道的管理和维护

介绍了瓮福磷矿磷精矿浆长距离输送管道的腐蚀控制、管理和维护经验     

长距离浆体管道磨蚀率预测

长距离浆体管道的典型设计寿命通常为15至25年,故管道磨蚀率的确定对管道工程经济效益有较大影响.这里所说的磨蚀是化学腐蚀和物理磨损的综合表征,其中每个因素的影响大小与特定的管道输送工程相关,如细颗粒浆体管道输送工程,化学腐蚀在管道磨蚀中起主导作用,这类管线输送流速一般设计为1.5～2.5 m/s,为高度均质流,其管道底部与顶部磨蚀相差不多,对流速不敏感.但中、粗颗粒如原矿粉及尾矿的管道输送工程,管道的磨蚀方式与细颗粒浆体不同,其主要集中在管道的底部与弯头外弧侧,对流速较为敏感.细颗粒与中、粗颗粒浆体管道沿管线的磨蚀分布规律基本相似.     

Fischer-tropsch synthesis in a stirred tank slurry reactorndashreaction rates

The effect of process variables (temperature, pressure, space velocity, and H₂/CO feed ratio) on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on a promoted fused iron catalyst was studied in a slurry phase stirred tank reactor (STR). Operating conditions were chosen such that some of the data could be compared with previously reported results, but experiments were also performed at more extreme conditions (temperatures up to 280°C and pressures up to 2.86 MPa) than previously studied in a slurry phase STR. The catalyst activity compares well with previous studies at an H₂/CO feed ratio of 1.0 and 1.8, but the activity is lower than previously reported values in the 0.64-0.72 range of H₂/CO feed ratios. Spacetime-yield increases with pressure, and reactor productivity is best increased by increasing pressure at a constant pressure to space velocity ratio. The water-gas-shift reaction is near equilibrium at high conversions, and always proceeds at a slower rate than the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a STR.     

浓密机在磷矿浆浓密方面的应用探讨

对国内外典型浆体浓密设备的特点进行了综述和比较,介绍高压浓密机在湿磨磷矿浆浓密方面的应用及湿磨磷矿浆添加絮凝剂的浓密试验情况,提出为达到180 kt P2O5/a磷酸装置磷矿浆浓密底流w(固)在65%以上,推荐采用单段浓密、添加絮凝剂,浓密机产量应达到6.0 t干矿/(m2.d),总沉降面积328.7m2。     

煤直接液化条件下神华煤煤浆粘度的测定

为研究煤直接液化条件下煤浆的粘度变化,利用剪应力分解法测量了神华煤煤浆在250～450℃的温度范围内的粘度,发现在340℃以前粘度总体呈下降趋势,340℃以后粘度开始上升,并在380℃出现峰值,而后粘度又逐渐下降。对升温速率的影响做了简单分析,发现升温速率变大,出现粘度峰的温度增高。