微波强化液桥式螺旋降膜蒸发器数值模拟

微波加热薄膜蒸发技术在促进极性/非极性混合物分离领域潜力巨大,但仍面临着能源利用效率低和加热不均的挑战,而电场分布不均是其根本原因,但影响电场分布的因素十分复杂且不可控,因此,从蒸发器结构及流体流动形式视角出发可为解决微波能高效利用的瓶颈提供新思路。为此本文提出了液桥式螺旋降膜蒸发器,通过COMSOL建立三维模型并模拟计算了微波能强化蒸发器上的螺旋降膜流动与蒸发过程,以蒸发率和温度变异系数作为评价指标,探究液膜厚度、螺距、蒸发器直径、流量以及时间对微波能利用效率的影响规律,研究结果表明该种结构在一定微波入射功率下,液膜蒸发率可达29.26%,温度变异系数降至0.0867,为微波能强化蒸发分离装置的设计提供了依据。     

管内降膜式第二类吸收热泵性能实验研究

分别考察了在垂直螺旋管内降膜式第2类吸收热泵系统中,溶液流量、循环热水流量、操作温度对吸收器传热传质系数、系统性能系数COP及热效率Eth的影响。实验结果表明:随着溶液流量的增加,吸收器的传热传质系数也逐渐增大,而COP与Eth则有下降趋势;增加循环热水流量,吸收器传热传质系数也增大,但对COP与Eth的影响却较小;对于操作温度,吸收器传热传质系数会随着废热温度的升高而增大,随着冷却水温度的降低而增大。同时,通过软件ABSIM的模拟计算,得到的数据与实验数据吻合较好。     

基于气提效应的竖管内降膜蒸发器性能研究：水力学特性

降膜蒸发器具有传热速率高、持液量小、无静液柱引起的沸点上升等特点,适用于小温差传热,但系统需要一个循环泵。本文提出采用蒸汽输送液体的新型降膜蒸发模式来实现无泵循环,使系统结构更为简单、紧凑,可靠性更高。利用现已广泛使用的弹状流输送理论建立输送单元数学模型,研究其水力学特性。结果表明本新型气提输送降膜蒸发器在蒸汽引入率为0.3%～5%时即可实现弹状流的稳定输送。对每一个输送流量,存在一个最大扬程和最小吸程。且在相同液相表观速度下,最大扬程对应最小吸程。     

强制循环蒸发器内流体停留时间分布测试分析

分析强制循环蒸发器内流体停留时间分布测试中示踪剂循环对响应曲线的影响，建立了循环条件下所测定的循环响应曲线Ｃｒ（ｔ）与蒸发器和循环管内流体停留时间密度函数Ｅ１（ｔ）、Ｅ２（ｔ）之间的基本关系，并以此处理循环条件下直接引入示踪剂的实验测试数据，获得了满意的停留时间分布曲线。     

水平管降膜蒸发器传热系数空间分布

为了得到水平管降膜蒸发器传热系数,建立了水平管降膜蒸发传热实验台。通过对实验结果的归纳,分析了水平管降膜蒸发器总传热系数随顶排管喷淋密度、蒸发温度的变化规律,并给出了总传热系数在水平管降膜蒸发器内部空间的分布。结果表明,总传热系数随喷淋密度、蒸发温度的增大而增大。在空间分布上,传热系数沿管长方向受凝结过程的影响前5 m先增大,后3 m逐渐减小;在垂直方向由上向下逐渐减小。另外传热系数随管排数的增加而降低,并且当喷淋密度较小时,总传热系数下降的趋势更明显。     

伞板式降膜蒸发器传热性能研究

对伞板式降膜蒸发器进行了合理的结构设计,并对此蒸发器的传热性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,伞板式降膜蒸发器在低温差下仍能保持较高的传热系数,得出了伞板降膜蒸发侧无因次传热系数的实验关联式并与竖直光滑管的传热性能进行了比较。同时对伞板式蒸发器进行了液膜破裂的实验研究,得出了液膜破裂条件的实验关联式并与竖直管的破断条件进行了比较,从而得出了此蒸发器在小流量下,液膜分布均匀不易破裂等特性。     

内置螺旋挡板流化床颗粒停留时间分布

采用脉冲示踪法在内置螺旋挡板冷态鼓泡流化床上研究了螺旋挡板、加料速率、流化风速、颗粒粒径和床料高度对颗粒在流化床内停留时间分布的影响. 结果表明,颗粒停留时间的无量纲方差从无螺旋挡板时的0.558减小到有螺旋挡板时的0.085,螺旋挡板可有效抑制颗粒返混,增大颗粒运动的平推流趋势;加料速率增大为约2倍时,停留时间减小为约50%,流动更趋向于平推流;床料高度增加,颗粒返混加剧,颗粒平均停留时间及无量纲方差均增大,颗粒运动向全混流靠近;随流化风速增大,颗粒平均停留时间变长;实验范围内,颗粒粒径对颗粒停留时间分布影响不大.     

Modelling of flow in a wiped film evaporator

In a wiped film apparatus, the hydrodynamic conditions of the flow have a direct effect on the film thickness and on the residence time of the molecules and thus on the effectiveness of mass and heat transfer. Measurements of the residence time distribution (RTD), for different stirring velocities, allowed to propose a model for the flow as a series of perfectly mixed cells in parallel with a series of perfectly mixed cells exchanging mass with a dead zone.     

降膜蒸发器旋液流态化在线自动清洗能力研究

针对降膜蒸发器管内结垢问题,提出旋液流态化技术实现自动清洗。由结晶速率等效原理,将饱和溶液在加热面结晶问题等效为在冷却面结晶问题。以0.4m/s平均流速饱和硫酸钠溶液为例进行试验研究。结果表明：近壁面溶液在忽略管壁及污垢热阻的绝对过饱和度Δcsur为4.20%时,与空管连续运行0.5h总传热系数下降80%相比,管内加钢...     

T型翅片板喷淋式降膜蒸发器传热性能研究

采用喷淋降膜蒸发形式，将蒸发器的传热面用机械线切割方法加工成Ｔ型翅片板。对这种蒸发器进行了传热性能的研究，并与池式光板进行传热性能对比，实验结果表明，Ｔ型翅片板降液膜蒸发能在低温差下维持沸腾且有较高的给热系数。同时对沸腾传热的强化机理也进行了研究，并探讨了Ｔ型翅片板喷淋降液膜蒸发器具有优良传热性能时主要原因。     

Evaporation of hydrogen peroxide with a microstructured falling film

A microstructured falling film evaporator made out of AlMg3 was used to evaporate a 50 wt.% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Sufficient wetting with contact angles lower than 20° and a stable falling film was reached by a sealing procedure at elevated temperatures (about 100 °C). After a self-passivation procedure under operation conditions the relative decomposition related to the evaporated amount could be reduced to values of about 10%. From the experimental results it was concluded that the decomposition occurs mainly in the liquid phase during evaporation and not in the vapour phase by contacting the non-wetted surfaces of the evaporator and pipes. At an operation temperature of 130 °C 10 vol.% of hydrogen peroxide in the vapour could be reached which almost corresponds to the vapour/liquid equilibrium at the top of the evaporator.     

振荡流通过内插螺旋翅片管传热特性的数值模拟

振荡折流换热器广泛应用在包含传热传质过程的化工过程中,本文对管内插入螺旋翅片的振荡折流换热器进行了三维非稳态数值模拟,模拟在斯特劳哈尔数St=2,4,8和振荡雷诺数Reo=20,40,80范围内进行。通过作出瞬时三维流线,以观察流动状态随时间变化规律,发现其中有纵向涡和横向涡的周期性形成和脱落;得到了圆管周向局部传热系数随时间变化规律,以及不同振荡参数（St和Reo）下周向平均传热系数随时间的变化规律。结果表明：局部传热系数沿周向不均匀分布,并在翅片斜对面达最大;周向平均传热系数随时间周期性变化,时间平均传热系数随振幅增大而增大,但受频率影响却不明显;在本文讨论的参数范围内,平均传热系数最大可达圆管层流的4倍。     

RTD studies in trickle bed reactors packed with porous particles

The residence time distribution (RTD) for liquid phase in a trickle bed reactor (TBR) has been experimentally studied for air-water system. Experiments were performed in a 15.2 cm diameter column using commerical alumina extrudates with D/d_p ratio equal to 75 to eliminate the radial flow differences. The range of liquid and gas flow rates covered was 3.76 < Re_L < 9.3 and 0 < Re_G < 2.92. The axial dispersion model was used to compute axial dispersion coefficient. The effect of liquid and gas flow rates on total liquid holdup and axial dispersion was investigated. The total liquid holdup has been correlated to liquid and gas flow rates.     

脂肪酸甲酯降膜蒸发器沸腾传热性能

利用传统的多管排列式蒸发器对高黏度、易结垢的混合物进行蒸发,容易造成布液器堵塞,且结垢后的传热管难以清理。因此根据物料特性,本文设计了一种新型的降膜蒸发器,采用大降液孔加倾斜环板进行布膜,利用内径较大的锥筒作为传热壁面,并以粗甲酯作为试验工质对蒸发器的降膜蒸发传热系数随蒸发器筒体半锥度角、液膜流动雷诺数以及输入热通量之间的关系进行了试验研究。结果表明：该型蒸发器对于上述工质具有较好的适用性,蒸发系统能够在保持较高的传热系数的条件下,连续运行而不发生堵塞;蒸发器筒体锥度角有效地强化了降膜蒸发传热过程,而较大的热通量及进料流量在一定程度上却不利于蒸发传热。最后建立了降膜蒸发传热系数随蒸发器筒体半锥角和流动准数之间的经验关联式。     

Characteristics of the photochemical prevulcanization in a falling film photoreactor

The photochemical prevulcanization of natural rubber (NR) latex via the thiol‐ene reaction is a new approach aiming at the replacement of noxious processing agents used in conventional sulfur vulcanization processes (e.g., accelerators) together with cost saving options. The crosslinking reaction involves the excitation of a selected photoinitiator with ultraviolet (UV) light which is followed by the formation of thioether links due to the thiol‐ene addition reaction. The photochemical process is carried out in a falling film photoreactor which provides not only a continuous prevulcanization process but also exhibits a technology which is already commercially well established. The main advantage of the falling film process lies in the short prevulcanization time and the mild reaction temperature. Following the idea of the manufacture of low‐allergenic surgical gloves made from NR latex without compromising on the glove quality by means of physical performance, crucial process parameters of the falling film process have been determined and characterized in this study. Surgical gloves were made from the photocured NR latex which was prevulcanized using selected process conditions. The physical properties including tensile strength, elongation, modulus, and crosslink density were examined together with the aging stability and the stability against high‐energy radiation (sterilization with gamma rays). It was found that the UV light intensity, the number of illumination cycles, the choice of photoinitiator, and the thiol crosslinker play an important part in the glove quality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

A numerical solution of the wavy motion on a falling liquid film

Wavy motion in falling liquid films enhances heat and mass transfer significantly; therefore, it is important to successfully model this motion for the purpose of heat and mass transfer calculations. In this study, a simple and promising numerical spectral method is developed to solve the periodic wavy film flow equations. With the wave number and the wave celerity specified to be those of the most unstable waves from existing linear stability analysis, the results are found to be good when compared with the existing experimental data for small (Re < 50) and moderate (50 < Re < 150) Reynolds numbers. It is worth noting that many important absorption problems fall in the low and moderate Reynolds number regimes. For higher Reynolds number flows (Re > 150), the solutions are still obtainable but may not be realistic owing to the invalidity of the linear stability analysis and the asymptotic wavy-state assumption in the high Reynolds number flow.     

茂金属聚乙烯交联反应挤出流动模型分析

在研究茂金属聚乙烯在双螺杆挤出机中进行的复合交联反应挤出过程流动模型时,在三参数关联流动模型中引入了第4个参数,获得了更好的停留时间分布曲线拟合效果。但是,其物理意义难以确定。为此,根据双螺杆挤出机的结构特点提出了RDBFC模型,获得了较好的拟合效果,物理意义更加合理。     

Heat transfer characteristics of molten plastics in a vertical falling film reactor

The heat transfer efficiency during the pyrolysis process is a key factor to be considered in the design of pyrolysis reactors. In this study, the average apparent heat transfer characteristics of molten plastic pyrolysis in a vertical falling film reactor were explored by experiments and numerical simulation and the apparent heat transfer coefficients were determined. In addition, the temperature distribution and the thickness of the liquid film in the reactor were predicted and the influences of pyrolysis temperatures on the average apparent heat transfer coefficients were discussed.