基于自注意力网络的时间感知序列化推荐

随着信息技术的发展, 推荐系统作为信息过载时代的重要工具, 正扮演着越来越重要的角色. 基于内容和协同过滤的传统推荐系统, 倾向于以静态方式对用户与商品交互进行建模, 以获取用户过去的长期偏好. 考虑到用户的偏好往往是动态的, 且具有非持续性和行为依赖性, 序列化推荐方法将用户与商品的交互历史建模为有序序列, 能有效捕获商品的依赖关系和用户的短期偏好. 然而多数序列化推荐模型过于强调用户-商品交互的行为顺序, 忽视了交互序列中的时间信息, 即隐式假设了序列中相邻商品具有相同的时间间隔, 在捕捉包含时间动态的用户偏好上具有局限性. 针对以上问题, 文中提出基于自注意力网络的时间感知序列化推荐(self-attention-based network for time-aware sequential recommendation, SNTSR)模型, 该模型将时间信息融入改进的自注意力网络中, 以探索动态时间对下一商品预测的影响. 同时, SNTSR独立计算位置相关性, 以消除可能引入的噪声相关性, 增强捕获用户序列模式的能力. 在两个真实世界数据集上的大量实验表明, SNTSR始终优于一组先进的序列化推荐模型.     

基于单分类的协同过滤推荐算法

随着电子商务推荐系统中用户和商品数目的增加,用户商品评分数据集的稀疏性会导致协同过滤推荐算法的推荐质量下降.针对该问题,提出一种基于单分类的协同过滤推荐算法.根据目标用户评分商品对应的类别,选择候选最近邻居集,采用单分类预测用户对商品的评分,以减小目标用户与候选最近邻居所形成的数据集稀疏性.实验结果表明,该算法能提高寻...     

基于经济学模型的推荐系统的研究

结合经济学模型中的"可替代商品"概念提出"可互替代集",以描述项目之间的可互相替代关系.同时把博弈论中的"不完全但完美的动态博弈"模型应用到协同信息推荐系统,提出了"带上下文的推荐算法".其核心思想是把推荐过程看作是推荐系统与用户之间的动态博弈,用经典的博弈论模型描述推荐过程.     

一种大数据推荐系统

本文在Hadoop大数据平台之上,采用协同过滤算法,分析用户对商品的原始评分信息.根据两种商品被一同购买的次数计算商品的相似性,并参考用户对商品的评分情况,计算商品对某一用户的推荐指数,根据推荐指数高低进行推荐.该方法在当今的互联网和大数据时代,在诸如电影推荐、音乐推荐、新闻推荐、商品推荐等需要进行个性化推荐的场景下具...     

融合用户信任模型的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐是电子商务系统中最为重要的技术之一.随着电子商务系统中用户数目和商品数目的增加,用户-项目评分数据稀疏性问题日益显著.传统的相似度度量方法是基于用户共同评分项目计算的,而过于稀疏的评分使得不能准确预测用户偏好,导致推荐质量急剧下降.针对上述问题,本文考虑用户评分相似性和用户之间信任关系对推荐结果的影响,利用层次分析法实现用户信任模型的构建,提出一种融合用户信任模型的协同过滤推荐算法.实验结果表明： 该算法能够有效反映用户认知变化,缓解评分数据稀疏性对协同过滤推荐算法的影响,提高推荐结果的准确度.     

基于用户社区的商品推荐方法

提出一种以用户社区服务系统为基础,面向社区新用户的商品推荐方法.根据现有用户的历史行为对用户进行社区划分,得到社区划分的结果模型,对于一个新来的用户运用这个模型将其归入相应的社区中,再根据这个社区的特征有目的地为新用户进行商品推荐.文中对该方法所涉及的基于信息熵的社区发现算法以及基于网络社区的协同推荐算法等关键问题的实现思路进行了详细阐述.     

基于用户购买记录的改进协同过滤推荐

提出一种基于用户购买记录的改进协同过滤推荐.用户的购买记录在一定程度上反映用户的偏好和购买习惯,采用用户项目购买数量矩阵,使用改进的相似度计算用户之间的相似度,结合用户购买商品之间的关联关系,对目标用户的购买数量进行预测,实现基于用户的协同过滤推荐.实验结果表明,该算法降低了数据稀疏性,使推荐结果更加精确可靠.     

面向社会化电子商务的信任感知协同过滤推荐方法

为提高社会化电子商务推荐服务的精确度和有效性,综合考虑交易评价得分、交易次数、交易金额、直接信任、推荐信任等影响社会化电子商务用户信任关系的因素,设计了一种信任感知协同过滤推荐方法.该方法利用置信因子计算用户间的信任关系,采用余弦相关度法计算用户间的相似度,引入调和因子综合用户信任关系和用户相似度对商品预测评分的影响,以平均绝对误差(MAE)、评分覆盖率和用户覆盖率作为评价指标.实验结果表明,与标准协同过滤推荐方法、基于规范矩阵因式分解的推荐方法相比,信任感知协同过滤推荐方法将MAE降低到0.162,并将评分覆盖率和用户覆盖率分别提高到77%和80%,能够解决交易评价较少商品的推荐问题.     

基于双重邻居选取策略的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤是电子商务推荐系统中应用最成功的推荐技术之一,但是传统的协同过滤推荐算法存在推荐精度低和抗攻击能力差的缺陷.针对这些问题,提出了一种基于双重邻居选取策略的协同过滤推荐算法.首先基于用户相似度计算的结果,动态选取目标用户的兴趣相似用户集.然后提出了一种用户信任计算模型,根据用户的评分信息,计算得到目标用户对兴趣相似用户的信任度,并以此作为选取可信邻居用户的依据.最后,利用双重邻居选取策略,完成对目标用户的推荐.实验结果表明该算法不仅提高了系统推荐精度,而且具有较强的抗攻击能力.     

基于HMM模型的协同过滤推荐方法

考虑到用户浏览路径、时间、浏览次数都是影响推荐准确度的重要因素,提出一种基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的动态协同过滤推荐方法。该方法首先用HMM模型模拟用户浏览网页时的行为,根据用户浏览网页时的行为建立最近邻集合。由于数据不是简单的用户评分,而是用户浏览网页的路径,这样就解决了数据稀疏问题和最初评价问题。并且使用HMM代替简单的相似模型来度量用户相似性,提高了最近邻推荐的准确性,解决了实时性推荐和数据空间的可扩展的问题。然后,提出了喜好度的概念并给出了计算方法,喜好度概念的加入能为目标用户推荐更适合的商品。最后,结合喜好度给出了基于HMM的协同过滤预测模型。通过对一个实例的研究验证了所提出的算法以及推荐模型的可行性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.