GPU中的流体场景实时模拟算法

为了实时模拟真实的大规模流体场景,提出一种基于平滑粒子流体力学(SPH)进行流体场景模拟的算法.首先提出了新的精细程度函数作为非均匀采样的依据,以减少实际模拟时所需的粒子数,提高模拟的速度;然后引入一种三维空间网格划分算法和改进的并行基数排序算法,以加快模拟过程中对邻域粒子和边界的查找及其相互作用的计算;最后使用最新的NVIDIA(CUDA(架构,将SPH的全部模拟计算分配到GPU流处理器中,充分利用GPU的高并行性和可编程性,使得对SPH方法的流体计算和模拟达到实时.实验结果表明,采用文中算法能对流体场景的计算模拟达到实时,并实现比较真实的模拟效果.与已有的SPH流体CPU模拟方法相比,其加速比达到2个数量级以上,同时相比已有GPUSPH方法,能模拟出更为丰富的细节效果.     

基于CUDA的大规模流体实时模拟

流体模拟是计算机图形学中一个重要课题。使用基于粒子的光滑流体动力学SPH(smoothed particle hydrodynamics)方法模拟大规模流体的运动需要大量的粒子模拟流体,计算量巨大,传统的方法很难达到实时性要求。为了解决该问题,使用NVIDIA的并行计算架构CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture)将SPH方法的全部处理过程在GPU上实现,充分利用了GPU并行计算的性能优势。使用Z-order排列改进已有的并行邻域搜索算法,并通过优化数据结构及存储器分配,有效缓解了SPH方法在GPU架构上的性能瓶颈。实验结果表明,该方法能实时逼真地模拟大规模流体,与已有的GPU方法相比处理速度有显著的提升。     

真实感流体实时重建

针对流体重建中存在的实时性差以及重建精度低的问题,提出一种流体三维重建方法.首先利用明暗度恢复形状方法计算流体表面的法向量,使用Stokes波模型计算流体表面高度;然后对重建表面的细节做进一步处理,确定水花点的位置,使用二维正态分布曲面对重建的流体表面进行拟合;最后根据拟合结果生成水花飞溅的效果并映射相应的纹理,从而增强了流体重建的真实感,可以逼真地表现出流体运动状态.实验结果表明,采用该方法进行重建能够保证实时性的要求,重建的流体具有真实感强的特点,可以有效地应用于增强现实技术的研究中.     

大规模场景流体模拟的耦合算法

针对在海啸等模拟中,只有在灾害发生的地点附近需要进行三维模拟,而其他区域可以使用二维的波函数进行流体模拟的问题,为了有效地利用计算资源,提出一种计算区域耦合的算法.该算法将计算区域划分为复杂区域和简单区域,分别使用三维Navier-Stokes方程和二维波函数进行模拟;在复杂(或简单)区域的边界处,根据其他区域的信息进...     

基于物理模型的烟雾实时模拟

本文提出了一种基于物理模型的烟雾的实时数值模拟方法.真实感和实时性是计算机图形学追求的两个目标.传统的动画技术生成的物体运动是虚拟的,并不能完全反映物体的真实运动.与传统的动画技术相比,基于物理的动画更能表现运动的真实性.在用非粘性不可压欧拉方程表示烟雾的物理模型的基础上,利用破开算子法将其分解成外力项、对流项和投影项分别进行求解,每一步都稳定,因而整个求解也就稳定.求解过程的稳定性保证了模拟可以用大时间步长,也就保证了模拟的实时性.与传统的方法相比,能同时满足计算机图形学的真实感和实时性要求.     

飘雪场景的实时模拟

自然景物的真实感模拟一直是计算机图形学中的一个富有挑战性的课题，而飘雪场景的实时模拟尤为困难。因为它涉及到复杂的风场建模和风雪的交互作用．在充分考虑风雪具体物理特性的基础上，通过对经典Boltzmann 方程进行离散来构造三维风场，并根据风雪的交互作用规律，建立起雪的飘动、沉积、侵蚀等变化规则，进一步采用一系列简化和加速绘制的方法，具有真实感地实时绘制出不同风速下不同降雪量的风雪场景．     

大规模海浪场景的真实感绘制

针对计算机图形学中大规模海浪场景绘制的难题,提出一种实时绘制高真实感海浪的方法.首先提出同心圆网格模型来模拟海浪表面;然后利用基于GPU的快速傅里叶变换方法生成海浪高度图,并模拟了Choppy波,减轻了磁砖效应.分别采用立方体纹理映射、平面反射及Phong镜面反射技术模拟海面对天空、景物、太阳的反射效果,并在海面的折射效果中考虑了海水深度的影响.最后模拟了海浪中的泡沫以及景物在海面上的阴影效果.该方法已成功地应用在航海模拟器中.     

基于LBM的自由表面流体真实感绘制

针对自由表面流体的模拟,提出一种基于Lattice Boltzmann(LBM)的高效建模和绘制的方法.首先基于浅水方程的LBM模型进行流体建模及表面高度场计算,并提出一种基于Marching Cubes和自由表面算法结合的方法来抽取流体的表面,随后采用考虑移动障碍物的外力叠加机制和自适应加密算法来进行流体交互及表面的网格重构.最后采用硬件加速技术实现了不同自由表面流体的绘制,如溪流、水池浅水流、洪水水淹等真实感效果.     

基于三维纹理的实时流体模拟

本文描述了一种利用基于Open GL三维纹理实现的直接体绘制方式显示流体模拟结果的方法。以JosStam的二维流体模拟模型为基础，扩展出三维流体模拟的模型；然后通过将密度场映射到三维纹理空间，实现实时的显示；并通过引入全局光照模型，得到真实感的渲染效果。最后通过与粒子系统进行对比，分析了本方法的显示效果优势。     

雪场景真实感的实时建模与绘制

针对计算机图形学中雪场景的真实感渲染的难题,提出了一种实时绘制高真实感雪景的方法。首先采用类衰减正弦函数模拟雪花运动轨迹,在保证真实性的同时大大提高其实时性;然后基于温度变化与不同地表类型影响,提出了实时积雪-融雪模型,通过计算无损失的热传递积雪方程,提高了交互积雪场景动态渲染的真实性;最后采用GPU图形硬件加速技术提高了整个过程的计算效率,绘制效果逼真。     

Realistic and stable simulation of turbulent details behind objects in smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics fluids

This paper presents a novel realistic and stable turbulence synthesis method to simulate the turbulent details generated behind objects in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) fluids. Firstly, by approximating the boundary layer theory on the fly in SPH fluids, we propose a vorticity production model to identify which fluid particles shed from object surfaces and which are seeded as vortex particles. Then, we employ an SPH‐like summation interpolant formulation of the Biot–Savart law to calculate the fluctuating velocities stemming from the generated vorticity field. Finally, the stable evolution of the vorticity field is achieved by combining an implicit vorticity diffusion technique and an artificial dissipation term. Moreover, in order to efficiently catch turbulent details for rendering, we propose an octree‐based adaptive surface reconstruction method for particle‐based fluids. The experiment results demonstrate that our turbulence synthesis method provides an effect way to model the obstacle‐induced turbulent details in SPH fluids and can be easily added to existing particle‐based fluid–solid coupling pipelines. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

真实感固流交互动画的统一物质点法模拟

固流交互模拟是基于物理的流体模拟技术的重要研究内容,其中如何解决非穿透 和滑移接触是难点。为此,提出一种真实感固流交互动画的统一物质点法模拟方法。首先,给 出一种基于物质点法的快速微可压缩流体模拟方法,并在统一背景欧拉网格上对固体和流体动 量方程进行求解;其次,检测固流接触区域并在其上构建局部多重背景网格,给出一种动量守 恒保持的速度修正方法对固体和流体各自网格结点进行速度修正,从而实现固流交互的非穿透 和滑移接触效果模拟。实验结果表明,该方法可以模拟稳定、真实的固流交互动画,适用于计 算机图形学和虚拟现实领域中的真实感模拟应用。     

一种新的有效模拟不可压缩流体的SPH方法

提出了一种基于光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)来模拟不可压缩流体的有效方法.传统的SPH方法是针对可压缩流体设计的,而该方法是传统SPH方法的一个扩展.提出了一种新的可以满足不可压缩性的压强计算方法,讨论了压力和粘性力的新型计算方法.实验结果表明,提出的方法与以前的方法相比,能够更真实地模拟不可压缩流体.     

Vortex particle smoke simulation with an octree data structure

We propose an octree‐based presentation of vortex particles to simulate smoke and gaseous phenomena in a physical way. Vortex particle method prevails over grid‐based method in terms of less numerical dissipation and more detail features, but it suffers from heavy computational overhead due to per‐particle Biot–Savart integration over the entire simulation space. To alleviate this problem, we employ an octree background grid to separate the vortex particles into individual groups. Particles in groups are aggregated as a single super vortex particle to reduce computational cost. The proposed method produces comparable visual result as previous methods with much less computational overhead. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulating colliding flows in smoothed particle hydrodynamics with fractional derivatives

We propose a new method based on the use of fractional differentiation for improving the efficiency and realism of simulations based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). SPH represents a popular particle‐based approach for fluid simulation and a high number of particles is typically needed for achieving high quality results. However, as the number of simulated particles increase, the speed of computation degrades accordingly. The proposed method employs fractional differentiation to improve the results obtained with SPH in a given resolution. The approach is based on the observation that effects requiring a high number of particles are most often produced from colliding flows, and therefore, when the modeling of this behavior is improved, higher quality results can be achieved without changing the number of particles being simulated. Our method can be employed to reduce the resolution without significant loss of quality, or to improve the quality of the simulation in the current chosen resolution. The advantages of our method are demonstrated with several quantitative evaluations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive cloud simulation using position based fluids

In this paper, we propose a method for the simulation of clouds using particles exclusively. The method is based on position based fluids, which simulates fluids using position constraints. To reduce the simulation time, we have used adaptive splitting and merging to concentrate computation on regions where it is most needed. When clouds are formed, particles are split so as to add more details to the generated cloud surface and when they disappear, particles are merged back. We implement our adaptive method on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate the computation. While the splitting portion is easily parallelizable, the merge portion is not. We develop a simple algorithm to address this problem and achieve reasonable simulation times. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A deformable body model for surgical simulation

We propose a deformable body model in order to simulate the dynamic behaviour of human organs in surgical simulators. It is based on a spring surface mesh, fitted with a virtual rigid component which does not interact with the environment and provides the structure with a rigid behaviour. This specific structure is intended to be physically based and interactive but also to support dynamic alteration such as incisions, under several constraints: mechanical realism, robustness and real time. Moreover, interactions are taken into account by a 4D collision detection algorithm between polygonal objects, and reponse is computed analytically. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大规模交通网络实时模拟系统

以元胞自动机模型为微观模型，以CS模型为指导构建二维的大规模交通网络，利用多线程机制实现了整个模拟系统的高速运行。具体的模拟实验显示：该模拟系统完全可以满足实时模拟的需要，对于包含400个十字路口的交通网络，模拟系统每更新一次所需要的时间小于1s。