利用TiOSO4液相反应制备透明锐钛矿相二氧化钛溶胶

以TiOSO4水溶液为前驱体,NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇400(PEG400)为分散剂,在60～80℃下均相沉淀与结晶,制备出透明锐钛矿相二氧化钛溶胶.利用XRD和TEM表征了粉体的晶体结构和形貌.研究了制备过程中溶液中H /Ti摩尔比、表面活性剂、晶化温度和时间对TiO2溶胶颗粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:当溶液中H /Ti摩尔比为5,晶化温度为70℃,分散剂质量分数为2.5%时,得到的二氧化钛晶粒尺寸在10～20nm之间.聚乙二醇400的加入有效抑制了晶化过程中晶粒的长大.     

自蔓延法制备ZrO2-Y2O3纳米粒子的影响因素

采用自蔓延法制备ZrO2-Y2O3(YSZ)纳米粒子。研究了反应中柠檬酸与硝酸盐比例(c／n)对反应产物的影响以及对纳米晶粒尺寸的影响，并且探讨了分散剂的作用机理，在制备过程中添加分散剂磷酸酯(PE)对YSZ纳米颗粒尺寸的影响及其作用机制。结果表明，反应中柠檬酸与硝酸盐的最佳比例为0．56，此时可获得的晶粒尺寸为12nm；分散剂PE加入量为ZrOCl2质量的2％时，分散效果最好，获得的纳米颗粒团聚最小(30-70nm)。     

喷射-共沉淀法合成纳米晶CoFe2O4及磁性能

用喷射-共沉淀法成功地制备了纳米晶CoFe2O4铁氧体粉料.研究了不同合成温度对产物晶体结构、微观形貌和磁性能影响.结果表明:喷射-共沉淀法制备的粉料颗粒细小均匀、形状完整.600℃下煅烧1.5h,样品晶粒尺寸为29nm左右,平均颗粒尺寸小于100nm.室温下,样品比饱和磁化强度随煅烧温度增加而增大.850℃煅烧1.5 h时,其比饱和磁化强度Ms为88.6A·m2·kg-1.当晶粒大小为29nm时,纳米晶CoFe2O4铁氧体矫顽力达到最大值64.5kA·m-1,随后又随晶粒尺寸增大而减小.这可能归因于纳米磁性材料存在强烈的晶粒尺寸效应.     

纳米氧化镁合成过程中颗粒粒度及形状控制研究

采用化学沉淀-热分解法,合成粒度在20～120 nm的氧化镁粉体。采用透射电镜及X射线衍射分析,研究纳米氧化镁的粒度和形状的控制因素对纳米氧化镁颗粒形成过程的影响。结果表明:镁源及分散剂的种类、沉淀反应温度、样品干燥方式都是影响氧化镁粒度和形状的重要因素。在以Mg(NO3)2为镁源、n(Mg2+):n(OH-)=2:1、沉淀温度为30℃、体积分数为8%的乙二醇为分散剂、微波低火干燥2 min条件下,得到平均粒径为40 nm的氧化镁产品。前驱物的形状与产物纳米氧化镁的形状存在对应关系。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备(Sr,Pb)TiO3纳米晶粉及表征

采用溶胶－凝胶法成功地合成了（Sr,Pb)TiO3纳米晶粉，并利用FTIR技术对凝胶的形成过程及350℃，1．5h煅烧获得的粉体材料进行了表征。实验以TG－DSC分析作为拟定煅烧温度的依据，以XRD作为煅烧产物的分析手段，最佳煅烧温度为600℃，所合成的（Sr,Pb)TiO3纳米晶粉的平均晶粒尺寸约为21nm，属钙钛矿型立方顺电相结构。     

纯稀土纳米晶Gd块体材料的结构与磁性

采用放电等离子烧结技术（简称SPS技术）及热处理制备了全致密纯稀土纳米晶Gd块体材料，研究了材料的微结构和磁性。X衍射结果表明材料在烧结过程中形成了一定程度的c轴织构。TEM观察显示，烧结态纳米晶Gd的平均晶粒尺度在10nm左右；热处理后，平均晶粒尺寸达到100nm。PPMS测试发现与粗晶Gd相比，纳米晶Gd的居里温度以及饱和磁化强度均有所下降。说明Gd的纳米化对其磁性具有重要影响。     

沉淀法与水热法合成载银羟基磷灰石及其抗菌性能

采用沉淀法与水热法合成了纳米棒状载银羟基磷灰石(Ag-HA)颗粒。研究不同合成方法和载银量时Ag-HA晶体结构、形貌及抗菌性能。结果表明:水热法合成的Ag-HA长径比高、分散性好,产物结晶度高、晶粒尺寸大,晶胞参数更小。沉淀法70℃时,Ag-HA平均晶粒尺寸为(22.7±0.7)nm;水热法180℃时,平均晶粒尺寸为(50.7±0.9)nm。银的引入会增大产物晶粒尺寸及晶胞参数,当载银量为1.30%时,平均晶粒尺寸为(53.7±0.9)nm,晶胞参数a=0.9465nm,c=0.6970nm。产物与大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)共培养后结果显示,Ag-HA对两种实验菌均表现出良好的杀菌性能,不同载银量Ag-HA在1,3,6,12,24h后的杀菌率均为100%。     

喷射-沉淀法合成纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体及表征

采用喷射-沉淀法成功地制备了纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体粉料。通过XRD、TG．DSC、SEM、TEM和BET等测试手段分析了其微观结构和形貌．结果表明：沉淀剂种类和溶液pH值对喷射．共沉淀法制备Ni-zn铁氧体纳米粉的物相和结构有着显著影响。采用NaOH溶液为沉淀剂，pH值范围为7．0～7．5，可以获得颗粒细小均匀、形状完整的纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体粉料。在600℃煅烧1．5h，样品晶粒尺寸为30nm左右，平均颗粒尺寸小于100nm。     

新型燃烧合成方法制备α—Fe2O纳米晶

将聚乙烯醇（PVA）作为络合剂与硝酸铁反应,不调节反应体系的pH值成功地制备出α-Fe2O3纳米晶,络合物在150℃反应后的产物灰烬经X射线分析,含有部分α-Fe2O3和γ－Fe2O3,产物灰烬经400℃煅烧1．5h后得到的是α－Fe2O3和γ-FeO3混合物,X射线衍射和红外光谱分析的结果显示,此时有机组合已分解完全,在450℃煅烧1．5h,γ－Fe2o3全部转变为α-Fe2O3,经透射是观察晶粒尺寸在25－35nm之间,且为球形,在500℃的温度下煅烧得到了产物晶粒化450℃全部转变为α-Fe2O3,经透射电镜观察晶粒尺寸在25－35nm之间,且为球形,在500℃的温度下煅烧得到的产物晶粒比450℃煅烧产物晶粒稍有长大,在25－40nm之间。     

不同晶型结构纳米ZrO_2的稳定化制备

采用共沉淀法制备了室温稳定存在的不同晶型纳米ZrO2粉体,用X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼散射(Raman)、N2物理吸附、透射电镜(TEM)和动态光散射技术(DLS)等手段对其晶型结构、晶粒尺寸、比表面积和粒度分布进行了表征,研究了煅烧温度和改性剂掺杂量对晶型结构的影响。结果表明,无掺杂前驱体在850℃煅烧可得到m-ZrO2纳米粉体,比表面积为35.17 m2/g,晶粒尺寸为51.3nm;煅烧温度为600℃,Y2O3掺杂量为4.5%(摩尔分数)时纳米粉体的晶型结构为t-ZrO2,比表面积为39.01 m2/g,晶粒尺寸为19.2nm;煅烧温度为600℃,Y2O3掺杂量为8.5%时可得到比表面积为46.53 m2/g,晶粒尺寸为12.7 nm的c-ZrO2纳米粉体。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to