软件发布机制体系结构研究

针对现有软件发布方式主要以开发者的角度进行软件开发后生命周期管理所存在的问题,提出了更为合理的以用户的角度进行软件开发后生命周期管理的思想,建立了一种新的软件发布机制体系结构.该发布机制试图解决如下问题:让用户透明地使用软件,即用户不需要显式地进行软件的安装、更新和卸载;支持软件的即点即用和使用态发布,使用态发布指安装了某软件的计算机可以作为该软件的发布源;使得系统重装后能够以较小的代价恢复到指定的状态点.最后,分析了软件动态更新和分布式软件系统发布所应解决的问题.     

Architecture for embedded open software ecosystems

Software is prevalent in embedded products and may be critical for the success of the products, but manufacturers may view software as a necessary evil rather than as a key strategic opportunity and business differentiator. One of the reasons for this can be extensive supplier and subcontractor relationships and the cost, effort or unpredictability of the deliverables from the subcontractors are experienced as a major problem.The paper proposes open software ecosystem as an alternative approach to develop software for embedded systems, and elaborates on the necessary quality attributes of an embedded platform underlying such an ecosystem. The paper then defines a reference architecture consisting of 17 key decisions together with four architectural patterns, and provides the rationale why they are essential for an open software ecosystem platform for embedded systems in general and automotive systems in particular.The reference architecture is validated through a prototypical platform implementation in an industrial setting, providing a deeper understanding of how the architecture could be realised in the automotive domain.Four potential existing platforms, all targeted at the embedded domain (Android, OKL4, AUTOSAR and Robocop), are evaluated against the identified quality attributes to see how they could serve as a basis for an open software ecosystem platform with the conclusion that while none of them is a perfect fit they all have fundamental mechanisms necessary for an open software ecosystem approach.     

煤矿井下作业人员管理系统人员数据分析软件的应用

提出了一种煤矿井下作业人员管理系统人员数据分析软件,介绍了该软件数据曲线分析的原理,以下井人员总数曲线为例介绍了该软件在煤矿交接班管理、人员定位管理中的应用。该软件可以曲线形式直观、定量地反映煤矿交接班状况、人员活动情况、人员定位系统运行状况等,已应用于某煤矿井下作业人员管理系统,效果良好。     

Double‐fading support — a training approach to complex software systems

Abstract A new approach to software training is presented, the so‐called Double‐Fading Support (DFS) approach. According to this approach, which is based on Carroll's training‐wheels idea and on cognitive theories of skill acquisition, two types of user support when learning to use a complex software system — locking the software's functionality and detailed guidance — are faded out gradually during the training course, so that the learners are able to use the complex software with minimal instructional support at the end of the training. Two 30‐hour training experiments with two different CAD software systems and CAD‐inexperienced university students were conducted. The results of Experiment 1 with 88 participants indicate the effectiveness of the DFS‐approach for CAD software with a deeply structured menu system. Participants working with the initially reduced software outperformed participants of the full software functionality group; additionally, participants of the slowly faded guidance group outperformed participants receiving medium, fast or no fading of guidance at all. Results of Experiment 2 with 120 participants, however, indicate less effectiveness of the DFS‐approach for an icon‐based CAD software in which most of relevant functions are permanently visible to the user. It seems that the two factors (fading out the locking of software's functionality and fading out detailed guidance) overcompensate each other.     

Brazil: cooperative development of a software industry

The research arm of Brazil's Ministry of Science and Technology, CNPq, assembled a community of professors, entrepreneurs, and policy makers. Their goal was to define a strategic program that would eventually replace Brazil's existing information technology policy. At that time, a strict policy regulated the internal market, protecting the local IT industry by imposing many restrictions on importing goods from abroad similar to those produced domestically. Partnerships that existed between local groups and global producers supported this hardware production, whereas software was treated as an accessory. The community proposed specific interrelated actions aimed at improving the country's computing and human resource information infrastructure, fostering cooperative basic research and development and developing an indigenous IT industry focused on software and exports. The author analyzes the program's results     

加强软部件技术研究促软件工业化生产时代到来

软件复用的目标是软件能和硬件一样实现生产的分工,但实现该目录需要标准化的软部件设计。通用软部件应当是以复用为目的、以提供某一业务服务为目标、包含为应用所需要的具有互补性的多项功能程序代码。基于这样一种标准化软部件应当具有的性能,分析了目前已有的各类软件复用技术的特点,介绍了所研究的通用软部件的结构与设计方法,说明了使用软部件构建应用系统的方法及典型的应用情况。     

架构和面向对象技术在PLC软件开发中的应用

为降低开发实时多任务控制系统PLC软件的复杂性、提高软件开发效率和质量,把架构和对象技术引入了PLC软件开发。结合对象技术和控制系统特点,强调了抽象对象的概念,提出了被控对象和控制器对象分离的思想,指出了对象技术的适用范围,设计了PLC控制软件架构的结构模型和控制风格。该模型中单元机器级应用对象技术,在单元机器控制软件内部应用面向任务分析与设计方法,并在一个分布式输送机组的控制软件中实现了该模型。     

用于工业控制仪表的计算机软件包DAQLOGGER

DAQLOGGER是为对应工控仪表的实时监视、数据采集、修改设定，而开发的计算机软件包。该软件以数据采集为重点，将数据采集过程和人机界面分离，在把数据采集过程的优先度设置为最高的同时，给每个和记录仪连接的通讯端口分配不同线程。其结果。可以对多台记录仪进行连接，最高可以达到在1秒内对384个通道的数据进行采集。另外，可以对应Ethernet、RS-232、RS-422-A／485的3种混合通讯方式，最多可以连接32台记录仪。     

Architecture analysis of enterprise systems modifiability: a metamodel for software change cost estimation

Enterprise architecture models can be used in order to increase the general understanding of enterprise systems and specifically to perform various kinds of analysis. The present paper proposes a metamodel for enterprise systems modifiability analysis, i.e. assessing the cost of making changes to enterprise-wide systems. The enterprise architecture metamodel is formalized using probabilistic relational models, which enables the combination of regular entity-relationship modeling aspects with means to perform enterprise architecture analysis. The content of the presented metamodel is validated based on survey and workshop data and its estimation capability is tested with data from 21 software change projects. To illustrate the applicability of the metamodel an instantiated architectural model based on a software change project conducted at a large Nordic transportation company is detailed.     

计算机软件校内实训基地建设研究

软件校内实训基地往往生产性实训项目过少,实验环境与企业环境差别大,为此提出了一种以社会需求为导向的软件校内实训基地的建设方案。该方案包括实训室的建设突出企业应用环境的仿真,项目开发的实训教学模式规范,校企融合共建实训基地等内容。该实训方案有效地帮助了学生的专业技能水平提升,使培养出来的学生能满足企业需求,帮助了学生就业。     

The changing industry structure of software development for consumer electronics and its consequences for software architectures

During the last decade the structure of the consumer electronics industry has been changing profoundly. Current consumer electronics products are built using components from a large variety of specialized firms, whereas previously each product was developed by a single, vertically integrated company. Taking a software development perspective, we analyze the transition in the consumer electronics industry using case studies from digital televisions and mobile phones. We introduce a model consisting of five industry structure types and describe the forces that govern the transition between types and we describe the consequences for software architectures.We conclude that, at this point in time, software supply chains are the dominant industry structure for developing consumer electronics products. This is because the modularization of the architecture is limited, due to the lack of industry-wide standards and because resource constrained devices require variants of supplied software that are optimized for different hardware configurations. Due to these characteristics open ecosystems have not been widely adopted. The model and forces can serve the decision making process for individual companies that consider the transition to a different type of industry structure as well as provide a framework for researchers studying the software-intensive industries.     

CGI training for the entertainment film industry

As the digital film industry matures, the education needed to become part of it also evolves and shifts. We must therefore rethink how we educate future digital entertainment workers. Barely three decades old, the computer graphics field has been through enormous changes. Possibilities and experimentation have evolved into commonly used and widely accepted tools to create effects, images, and characters for films. The education needed to succeed in the digital entertainment industry has also changed. The early emphasis on technical skills, especially computer science, has broadened to include a strong focus on art and animation skills. The reasons for this necessitate looking at the industry and education over the last twenty or so years (1975-98). While the article primarily addresses the entertainment film industry, that industry offered few digital production jobs before 1992. We must therefore consider the role that television commercials (and those ubiquitous “flying logos”) played in the development and adoption of digital technology in the film industry. In addition to theatrical motion pictures, the fast growing digital film industry now produces a wide variety of film based entertainment, from ride simulators to large format special venue theaters such as OmniMax and Imax     

基于FPGA的软件保护体系结构研究与设计

计算机产业现面·临的一个重要问题是保证软件的使用合法性,目前很多保护方案都缺少灵活性或是有效性,为此设计一种具有灵活性特征和用户透明性的软件保护体系结构.利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的可编程性和结合编译器技术,将具有完整性验证和解密的功能的FPGA放置在CPU和主存之间,执行编译器驱动的特定软件,该方法可以使体系保持灵活性.仿真实验结果表明,该体系还具有快速解密、动态认证、安全性高的特征.     

基于COM的CAD软件二次开发平台的构建

组件对象模型(COM)是微软公司的重要技术之一。在介绍COM的基础上，讨论了CAD软件对二次开发支持的重要性和意义，阐述了利用COM技术进行构建CAD软件二次开发平台的一般过程，最后以已构建的捷惠CAD软件二次开发平台为例，简要地说明了利用此平台创建的用户程序的实际运行情况。     

Using video data for the analysis and training of medical personnel

This paper describes a set of studies that use audio–visual recording in an actual environment (surgery) to study the effectiveness of various patient safety interventions. Video is used in several different ways: as the intervention in one of the studies, and as a means to capture team behavior during surgeries for the other two studies. This paper summarises the logistical, legal, regulatory, technical, financial, social and methodological factors that must be considered and discusses solutions to many of these potential barriers. Although audio–visual recording has a long history in human factors research, only now are the technical, financial and logistic barriers less of a concern, as all data can now be stored and analysed electronically, making many previously cumbersome factors less so through the use of technology. Perhaps the most challenging areas that require more research are the methodological difficulties encountered when observing teams in an uncontrolled environment.

Enhanced graph rewriting systems for complex software domains

Methodologies for correct by construction reconfigurations can efficiently solve consistency issues in dynamic software architecture. Graph-based models are appropriate for designing such architectures and methods. At the same time, they may be unfit to characterize a system from a non-functional perspective. This stems from efficiency and applicability limitations in handling time-varying characteristics and their related dependencies. In order to lift these restrictions, an extension to graph rewriting systems is proposed herein. The suitability of this approach, as well as the restraints of currently available ones, is illustrated, analyzed, and experimentally evaluated with reference to a concrete example. This investigation demonstrates that the conceived solution can (i) express any kind of algebraic dependencies between evolving requirements and properties; (ii) significantly ameliorate the efficiency and scalability of system modifications with respect to classic methodologies; (iii) provide an efficient access to attribute values; (iv) be fruitfully exploited in software management systems; and (v) guarantee theoretical properties of a grammar, like its termination.     

面向职业技能培养的软件开发课程改革探索

传统的软件开发课程,以培养编程技能和逻辑思维能力为主,已远不能满足人才市场的职业化需求.在分析当前软件开发课程存在问题的基础上,结合C语言程序设计课程教学实践,将信息系统软件运行机理融入课堂教学实践,提出面向职业技能培养的教学改革方案,并给出课堂教学内容设计实际案例.实践证明,该教学方案提高了学生灵活运用知识、解决实际问题的工程能力.