TA15钛合金板材单向拉伸超塑变形行为研究

采用TA15钛合金板材,研究了在860～980℃,8.3×10-4～1.7×10-3s-1条件下进行的超塑拉伸性能。结果标明:随着变形温度的升高,延伸率先增加后降低;在940℃、应变速率为1.7×10-3s-1、垂直轧制方向获得最大延伸率为1370%。随着变形温度的升高和拉伸速度的降低,等轴α晶粒尺寸增大。变形温度为940℃时诱发次生α相的析出,少量的层片组织对提高延伸率具有一定的作用。     

铸轧AZ31镁合金的高温拉伸性能

研究了铸轧AZ31镁合金的高温拉伸性能和变形机制.在300~450℃条件下,分别以恒定拉伸速率10-3 s-1和10-2 s-1进行拉伸至失效试验,在真实应变率为2×10-4~2×10-2 s-1的范围内进行变应变率拉伸试验.当拉伸速率为10-2s-1时,试样在400℃和450℃的延伸率均超过100%;当拉伸速率为10-3 s-1时,试样在400℃和450℃的延伸率均超过200%,该条件下的应力指数n≈3,蠕变激活能Q=148.77 kJ·mol-1,变形机制为溶质牵制位错蠕变和晶界滑移的协调机制.通过光学金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察显示试样断口处存在由于发生动态再结晶和晶粒长大而形成的粗大晶粒,断裂形式为空洞长大并连接导致的韧性断裂.      

TA15钛合金超塑性变形时的组织演变

研究了TA15钛合金超塑性变形后显微组织的演变及变形条件对超塑性变形行为的影响。结果表明:在变形温度为850~950℃、应变速率为1×10-4~1×10-3s-1超塑性拉伸时,TA15钛合金表现出良好的超塑性变形性能,且在900℃,5.5×10-4s-1变形条件下,延伸率最大为803.3%。在应变速率不变的条件下,随着变形温度的升高,α相晶粒尺寸增大,β相含量增加,晶粒仍保持细小、等轴状态。在变形温度一定时,随着应变速率的降低,α相晶粒尺寸增大,β相含量增加。同时变形程度对显微组织有显著影响,拉伸后不同部位的显微组织均有一定程度的粗化,变形程度越大,晶粒粗化的越明显,并伴有α相到β相的转变。变形过程中,加工硬化与变形软化相互竞争,表现为传统超塑变形的稳态流动特征。     

铸态AZ31镁合金的超塑性性能及流变应力

研究连铸镁合金AZ31单向拉伸行为.结果表明在300～450℃,应变速率ε低于1.0×10-3 s-1的情况下,镁合金ZA31开始表现出超塑性.在400℃,应变速率ε为4.25×10-4 s-1时,延伸率达到了200%,应变速率敏感性指数m为0.41.用光学显微镜观察了变形前后的拉伸式样的微观组织,表明试样的初始晶粒尺寸约为20μm,在变形之后颈缩区域的晶粒长大现象不是很明显,晶粒沿着变形方向有所伸长,但晶粒形状基本保持为等轴状.     

TA32钛合金板材的超塑性能研究

研究了真空环境中TA32钛合金板材在温度950℃、应变速率5.32×10^-4~2.08×10^-2 s^-1条件下的超塑性变形行为。结果表明,在不同应变速率条件下,合金的流变应力曲线特征和显微组织演变显著不同。在应变速率较低(5.32×10^-4~3.33×10^-3 s^-1)条件下,拉伸真应力-真应变曲线呈传统超塑变形的稳态流动特征,变形后的合金中初生α相晶粒尺寸较大;在高应变速率(8.31×10^-3 s^-1~2.08×10^-2 s^-1)条件下,拉伸真应力-真应变曲线中流变应力增大到峰值后快速单调递减直至试样断裂,合金变形过程中初生α相发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸较低应变速率条件下显著细化。950℃时,TA32钛合金板材均具有超塑性变形能力,超塑性延伸率在145%~519%之间;当应变速率为5.32×10^-4 s^-1时,具有最佳的超塑性,拉伸延伸率可达519%。断裂区形貌分析发现,TA32钛合金板材的超塑性断裂模式为空洞聚集-连接-长大型断裂。     

Zn-0.66％Cu-0.38％Mn合金的超塑性

本文对一种在固溶体基体上分布有弥散化合物微粒的锌基合金进行了超塑性研究。急冷凝固的Zn-0.66％Cu-0.38％Mn合金经晶粒微细化处理后获得了晶粒平均直径小于10μm的微细晶粒组织。在250～300℃和3×10~(-4)～4×10~(-3)s~(-1)的初始应变速率拉伸条件下,此合金呈现出典型的超塑变彤力学特征。Ⅱ区内的m值约为0.49,延伸率约为300％。250℃时应变速率、流变应力σ及平均晶粒直径d之间符合ocσ~2/d~2关系。在250～300℃温度范围和恒定应力条件下测得此合金的超塑变形激活能为54.2±5.6kJ/mol,与纯锌的晶界自扩散激活能很接近,说明此合金的超塑变形是由晶界自扩散所控制的。     

细晶Ti-6Al-4V合金的超塑性变形行为与组织演变

对不同温度下退火处理后的细晶TC4合金板材进行超塑性拉伸变形,研究该合金在750~850℃,应变速率为3×10-4~1×10-3 s-1条件下的超塑性拉伸变形行为,分析晶粒尺寸、变形温度和β相含量对合金性能的影响。结果表明:退火后的(α+β)型细晶Ti-6Al-4V合金表现出良好的超塑性,并且晶粒越细,最佳超塑性变形温度越低。晶粒直径为2.5μm、β相含量(体积分数)为9.6%的TC4合金在温度为800℃、应变速率为1×10-3 s-1的变形条件下,伸长率最大,达到862%。不同晶粒度合金的应变速率敏感系数m均随变形温度升高先上升后下降,最高达0.61。β晶粒处于α晶粒三叉晶界处,升温或拉伸变形时聚集并沿α晶界长大,形成细长的β晶粒并逐渐变粗大,因此在900℃以上高温下合金的超塑性变形能力降低。     

TA32钛合金板材的超塑性性能研究

研究了真空环境中TA32钛合金在950℃,初始变形速率在5.32×10-4~2.08×10-2s-1条件下的超塑性变形行为。结果表明,不同应变速率条件下,板材的流变应力曲线特征和显微组织演变呈现显著不同。在应变速率较低条件下(5.32×10-4 ~3.33×10-3s-1),拉伸真应力-应变曲线呈传统超塑变形的稳态流动特征,变形后的板材中初生α相晶粒尺寸较大;在高应变速率（8.31×10-3 s-1~2.08×10-2 s-1）条件下,拉伸真应力-应变曲线中流变应力增大到峰值后快速单调递减直到断裂,变形后的板材中初生α相发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸与低应变速率条件拉伸的板材相比显著细化。在950℃下,TA32钛合金板材均具有超塑性变形能力,超塑性延伸率在145%~519%之间,当应变速率为5.32×10-4s-1时,板材具有最佳的超塑性性能,拉伸延伸率可达519%。断裂区分析发现,TA32钛合金板材的超塑性断裂模式为空洞聚集-连接-长大型断裂。     

置氢0.11%Ti-6Al-4V合金超塑变形行为及其机制

研究了置氢0.11%的Ti-6Al-4V在800～900℃温度范围和3×10(-4)～1×10(-2)s(-1)应变速率范围内的超塑变形行为,应用光学显微镜研究了变形过程中的组织演变.结果表明:置入0.11%的氢能够显著改善Ti-6Al-4V超塑变形行为,峰值应力较原始合金降低了15～33 MPa,应变速率敏感性指数m值提高至0.497,变形激活能为322 kJ·mol(-1);在840～860 ℃温度范围和3×10(-3)～1×10(-3)s(-1)应变速率范围内,具有最佳超塑性,其延伸率最高达到1530%.0.11%的氢使α相及β相软化的同时促进了动态再结晶,提高了位错的攀移能力并且降低了位错密度;α和β两相比例未发生显著变化,适当的比例在变形过程中有利于两相相互抑制长大.置氢后超塑变形机制与未置氢相同,主要为界面的滑动和晶粒的转动,而位错的运动及动态再结晶为其协调机制.     

WSTi3515S阻燃钛合金超塑性变形行为及本构关系研究

通过电子万能试验机对具有粗大晶粒的β型WSTi3515S阻燃钛合金进行了超塑性拉伸试验,分析了热力学参数对超塑性能及力学行为的影响,建立了该合金超塑性本构关系。结果表明:WSTi3515S阻燃钛合金可在较宽的温度范围及应变速率区间内(800～920℃,0. 000 5～0. 01 s~(-1))实现超塑性;且在高温低应变速率条件下超塑性能良好,最大延伸率可达556%。与细晶超塑性不同,WSTi3515S合金在超塑性拉伸过程中,稳态变形阶段很短甚至不出现,变形主要集中在准稳态变形阶段,且准稳态变形阶段越长,获得延伸率越大。基于Arrhenius方程建立的本构方程精度不高,而由逐步回归法构建的本构方程误差值基本在5%以内。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.