Droplet Image Feedback Control System in Evaporation Experiment

In order to realize the steady-state droplet evaporation, image feedback control system is designed based on DSP. The system has three main functions: to capture and store droplet images during the experiment; to calculate droplet geometrical and physical parameters such as volume, surface area, surface tension and evaporation velocity at a high-precision level; to keep the droplet volume constant. The DSP can drive an injection controller with the PID control to inject liquid so as to keep the droplet volume constant. The evaporation velocity of droplet can be calculated by measuring the injected volume during the evaporation. The structure of hardware and software of the control system, key processing methods such as contour fitting and experimental results are described.     

Determination of Diffusion Coefficient in Droplet Evaporation Experiment Using Response Surface Method

Evaporation of a liquid droplet resting on a heated substrate is a complex free-surface advection-diffusion problem, in which the main driving force of the evaporation is the vapor concentration gradient across the droplet surface. Given the uncertainty associated with the diffusion coefficient of the vapor in the atmosphere during space evaporation experiments due to the environmental conditions, a simple and accurate determination of its value is of paramount importance for a better understanding of the evaporation process. Here we present a novel approach combining numerical simulations and experimental results to address this issue. Specifically, we construct a continuous function of output using a Kriging-based response surface method, which allows to use the numerical results as a black-box with a limited number of inputs and outputs. Relevant values of the diffusion coefficient can then be determined by solving an inverse problem which is based on accessible experimental data and the proposed response surface. In addition, on the basis of our numerical simulation results, we revisit a widely used formula for the prediction of the evaporation rate in the literature and propose a refined expression for the droplets evaporating on a heated substrate.     

Thermocapillary Convection Experiment Facility of an open Cylindrical Annuli for SJ-10 Satellite

Thermocapillary convection has always been a hot topic of great importance in either crystal growth or thin films science. A space experiment about thermocapillary convection in an open cylindrical annuli pool will be done on SJ-10 satellite. A payload for space experiment has been established, which includes a cylindrical annuli thermocapillary convection system, a thermocouple temperature controlling system and measurement system, a thermal infrared imager, a high-precision displacement sensor, and an experiment controlling system. Some experiments have been done on the ground in order to compare with the results of space experiment. Some results from the ground experiment are shown, such as temperature oscillation, surface oscillation, and flow pattern transfer.     

Space Program SJ-10 of Microgravity Research

SJ-10 program provides a mission of space microgravity experiments including both fields of microgravity science and space life science aboard the 24th recoverable satellite of China. Scientific purpose of the program is to promote the scientific research in the space microgravity environment by operating the satellite at lower earth orbit for 2 weeks. There are totally 27 experiments, including 17 ones in the field of microgravity science (microgravity fluid physics 6, microgravity combustion 3, and space materials science 8) and 10 in the field of space life science (radiation biology 3, gravitational biology 3, and space biotechnology 4). These experiments were selected from more than 200 applications. The satellite will be launched in the end of 2015 or a bit later. It is expected that many fruitful scientific results on microgravity science and space life science will be contributed by this program.     

Peculiarities of Droplet Evaporation under Radiative and Convective Heating

Technical Physics Letters - We propose a new method for determining the rate of evaporation of a lone levitating droplet under the action of radiative heat flux. Results of experimental...     

盐水溶液液滴真空闪蒸特性实验研究

针对盐水(Na Cl)溶液液滴真空环境下的闪蒸过程进行实验研究,获得了不同浓度下盐水液滴的形态及温度变化特征。结果表明:由于盐水液滴浓度和真空压力的影响,其真空闪蒸过程较纯水液滴更为复杂;盐水液滴在真空环境中会经历五种典型形态:稳态蒸发,气泡生长-蒸发,稳态蒸发-凝固,气泡生长-凝固,析盐。当盐水浓度达到共晶浓度22.4%时,会发生析盐现象;盐水浓度较低(<5%)时,会发生凝固现象。盐水液滴析盐过程较凝固过程持续时间长,且会持续放出热量,将液滴加热至较高温度。多次实验对比发现,最终环境压力较低(pa<1000 Pa)且液滴初始温度较高时,析盐过程明显且迅速。     

铜纳米液滴蒸发过程的分子动力学模拟

本文利用Material Studio软件成功地模拟了铜纳米液滴在真空条件下(10Pa),温度为1573~2073K的变化情况。通过研究铜液滴在蒸发过程中的均方位移(MSD),径向分布函数(RDF)及液滴直径大小的变化得出如下结论:随着模拟温度的升高,进入气相的铜原子越来越多,由于流体的各向同性,使液滴最终接近球形。当温度从1773K升温至1873K后,液滴的直径明显变小,这是因为在此温度区间体系从液相转变为气相,此时会有大量铜原子从液滴溢出进入气相,从而导致液滴变小。     

Theoretical Investigation on Rapid Evaporation of a Saline Droplet During Depressurization

This paper reports a theoretical investigation on rapid evaporation of a saline droplet during depressurization. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the droplet temperature variation by considering the ambient pressure change, the heat transfers due to evaporation and convection at the droplet surface, accompanying the heat and mass transfer inside the droplet. The component diffusion and the temperature gradient inside the droplet were mainly discussed by comparing the numerical droplet temperature with the experimental data. The result shows that, the variation of internal concentration is small, while the temperature gradient within the droplet is significant during the evaporation process. In addition, the influencing factors of the droplet temperature variation were analyzed, such as: the final ambient pressure, theinitial salt concentration and the initial droplet temperature. The present model calculations help to understand the thermodynamic process of rapid evaporation of a saline droplet during depressurization.     

Enhanced Detection of Protein in Urine by Droplet Evaporation on a Superhydrophobic Plastic

Protein in urine can be detected using a simple colorimetric output by evaporating droplets on a superhydrophobic (SH) surface. Evaporation on a SH surface allows fluid to dramatically concentrate; the weak surface adhesion allows the droplet of fluid to constantly decrease its footprint area and contact diameter. On a SH surface, pure water completely evaporates. Molecules in solution, however, are confined to a footprint that is 8.5 times smaller than the original and are greatly concentrated. By concentrating molecules, a 160 times improved detection sensitivity is achieved compared to controls. With the low‐cost fabrication method and simple technique, highly sensitive detection can be achieved in a low‐cost platform. Utility is demonstrated by detecting protein in urine in the pre‐eclampsia range (150–300 μgmL⁻¹) for pregnant women.     

底板温度对液滴蒸发模式及温度场分布的影响

本文以纳米粒径为50 nm、质量分数为0. 1%的Al₂O₃纳米流体液滴为研究对象,研究了纳米流体在玻璃载玻片4种不同底板加热温度(30、47、64、81℃)的蒸发过程,获得了纳米液滴在蒸发时的接触角、接触线半径的变化过程和温度分布过程,并用显微镜拍摄蒸发结果,观察蒸发后底板蒸发留下的沉积图案。结果表明:蒸发温度的不同未对蒸发模式产生显著影响;随着底板加热温度的升高,蒸发时间会大幅缩短(最长蒸发时间和最短蒸发时间相差10倍),初始马兰格尼数随底板温度的增加逐渐增大,但随着蒸发的不断进行,马兰格尼流动反而受到抑制。     

图像分析法测量液滴接触角

接触角是表征液体对固体润湿程度的重要参数,本文采用基于Matlab计算软件的图像分析法测量液滴接触角。首先使用图像增强、去噪、锐化手法对CCD采集到的液滴图像进行预处理;再运用Canny多阶段优化算子提取液滴轮廓线;最后以多项式为拟合框架,获得了接触角稳定状态下液滴轮廓区间和接触角测量结果。本文为接触角测量技术提供了一种有效实用的方法。     

Opto-electronic Bistable Devices for Image Processing

Several opto-electronic bistable devices with twisted nematic liquid crystals are designed and used for image processing. The optical bistability characteristics of liquid crystals are used for two types of light valve, those with array structure and parallel operation and those with single cell with sequential operation. Experimental studies demonstrate the application of these opto-electronic bistable devices in important operations currently used in image processors, such as intensity limiting for contrast improvement and noise elimination, contour accentuation for pattern recognition, linear and nonlinear optical filtering (in spatial and spectral domains), incoherent-to-coherent image conversion and logic operations.     

Protein Experiment: Scientific Data Processing Platform for On-Flight Experiment Tuning

In 2009, the PROTEIN experiment was run on board of the Columbus module of the International Space Station to investigate the crystallization of proteins in microgravity using the Protein Crystallization Diagnostics Facility. This instrument was designed to allow almost real time modification of remote-operated space experiments on request by the Science Team. The complexity of the experiments and the expected high volume of raw scientific data required the development of ad-hoc analysis tools in order to provide scientist with a quick and in-depth picture of experiment progress. The integrated data analysis platform presented in this paper allowed early inspection of running experiment results and provided information for impromptu, fine-tuning experimental conditions. The feedback loop starting with remote data acquisition, followed by on ground analysis performed by the platform and finishing with experiment redesign and update, is described through several examples.     

Television Techniques in Image Processing

The evolution of a single-channel video-processing system is described, together with the design and operation of a related four-channel instrument. The incorporation of this system into a video-rate interactive multispectral classifier for remote sensing imagery is discussed.     

柔性基底喷墨打印墨滴数值模拟与实验

目的研究喷墨过程中流体物性参数对喷墨质量的影响。方法采用数值模拟方法,基于流体体积法建立仿真模型,以不同粘度和表面张力的流体为研究对象,通过分析墨滴形成及铺展过程的形态变化,探索流体的物性参数(粘度、表面张力)对于墨滴成形过程的影响,得出高质量喷墨印刷的流体物性参数范围,并在柔性基底上印刷UHF(超高频)天线来验证模拟结果的可靠性。结果使用无量纲常数Z表征流体的可喷印性能,数值模拟结果表明表面张力为40 m N/m,粘度为10 Pa·s的墨水能达到良好的喷印状态。结论通过实验观测墨水的喷射过程,与模拟结果对比具有较高的重合度,数值模拟结果可以较准确地预测墨水印刷质量,经测量可知印制天线满足使用要求。     

在光电图象测量中特征信号的提取和处理（综述）

本文根据国内外有关图象测量方面的文献资料及作者个人的科研实践,就如何从图象信号中提取特征信号的各种方法及适用范围做了综述。间接二值化法是本文作者提出的新概念,它适用于炉内加热工件尺寸和浮法锡槽内玻璃带宽度及边界位置的在线测量。对各种方法的优缺点及其应用范围进行了评价。     

彩色图像处理技术在等倾线图处理中的应用

目的 更精确方便地彩色光弹性耦合图像中分离等倾线。方法 将彩色图像处理技术应用于零倾线的处理中，提出了彩色图像颜色分割技术实现等倾线从耦合图像中分离的方法，并同时对等倾线进行细化、去分枝、光滑和勾画处理，获得某一角度的等倾线。结果 将该方法应用于对径受压的圆盘梯形坝体的光弹图处理，得到了较精确的结果。结论 该方法获得的实验数据能满足科学研究和工程实际的应用。