双酶协同增加青稞慢消化淀粉含量的工艺优化

以萌芽黑青稞粉为原料,研究β-淀粉酶协同α-葡萄糖苷酶增加青稞慢消化淀粉含量及其体外降糖活性。通过单因素试验、体外模拟消化法和Box-Behnken响应面试验,确定最优工艺条件,并通过α-淀粉酶和α-葡糖苷酶抑制率的测定,评价其体外降糖活性。结果表明,双酶协同增加青稞慢消化淀粉含量的酶解最优条件为β-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶添加量150 U/g青稞粉、酶解时间8 h、酶解温度50℃、青稞粉浓度10%。此条件下青稞慢消化淀粉含量达到最高,为33.62%。体外降糖活性测定结果显示,与原粉相比酶改性青稞粉的α-淀粉酶抑制率增加了62.97%,α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率增加了52.46%,表明酶解粉的体外降糖活性明显提高。     

脉冲电场对啤酒大麦萌发性质的影响

在啤酒麦芽制备过程中引入脉冲电场(PEF)技术,对浸渍后的大麦种子进行不同电场强度的处理,以了解PEF对大麦萌发性质的影响。结果表明,PEF处理有利于提高大麦萌发活力和相关理化性质。大麦籽粒经电场强度1.5、3.0、4.5、6.0、7.5 kV/cm处理后,萌发大麦的芽长、根长、根数、鲜重、干重、发芽势、发芽率、简化活力指数、还原糖含量、β-葡聚糖酶活力、α-淀粉酶活力、β-淀粉酶活力、可溶性蛋白质和氨基态氮含量等指标与对照组比较均有明显提高,发芽势、根长、β-葡聚糖酶活力、α-淀粉酶活力和β-淀粉酶活力提高的幅度分别为38.96%、43.33%、21.46%、26.48%和23.57%。对14项指标进行主成分分析的结果表明,当电场强度为6.0 kV/cm时,脉冲电场对大麦萌发的促进效果最好。     

青稞萌发工艺优化及营养成分分析

以青稞为原料,通过单因素和正交试验,研究了萌发条件对青稞总酚和β-葡聚糖含量的影响,优化了青稞萌发的最佳工艺参数;在最佳萌发工艺的基础上,研究了青稞萌发前后营养成分及酶活性的变化。结果表明:青稞萌发最佳工艺条件为萌发时间2d、萌发温度30℃、pH 6.4,在该工艺参数下,青稞萌发后其总酚含量为1.18 mg/g,β-葡聚糖含量为2.35%;青稞萌发后,青稞中总酚含量显著增加,同时β-葡聚糖的减少量较小,此外多酚氧化酶及β-葡聚糖酶的活力均显著增强。该试验旨在通过对青稞萌发后的营养分析,为研究新型功能性食品提供理论依据。     

β-淀粉酶提高青稞慢消化淀粉含量工艺优化

目的:深度开发青稞低血糖生成指数(GI)食品以及SDS系列产品。方法:以青稞粉为原料,采用响应面试验确定最优酶解条件,并通过α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制作用来评价其体外降糖活性。结果:当β-淀粉酶添加量为60 U/g,酶解时间为3.5 h,酶解温度为51℃,料液比(m_青稞粉∶V_{β-淀粉酶液})为1∶12 (g/mL)时,酶改性青稞粉中慢消化淀粉含量最高为16.55%。酶解后,青稞粉对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的最高抑制率分别为71.39%,48.32%。结论:最优酶解条件下,酶改性青稞粉中慢消化淀粉含量明显提高。     

不同品种小麦发芽过程中淀粉酶活力变化规律的研究

以26个小麦品种（系）为材料,研究了小麦发芽过程中淀粉酶的变化.结果表明,小麦α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶的活力均随发芽天数的增加而增大直至达最大值,不同品种同一发芽阶段的小麦其β-淀粉酶活力差别较大,同一品种同一发芽阶段的小麦其β-淀粉酶活力是α-淀粉酶的100倍左右.     

青稞β-葡聚糖对淀粉体外消化性的影响

对比青稞全粉和普通小麦粉体外消化性,研究青稞β-葡聚糖质量浓度和分子质量对青稞淀粉体外消化性的影响,从青稞β-葡聚糖流变学特性及其与α-淀粉酶的相互作用方面,探究青稞降血糖的可能机理。结果表明,青稞全粉中淀粉消化率明显低于小麦粉;随青稞β-葡聚糖质量浓度和分子质量的增大,其溶液黏弹性增大,对α-淀粉酶活性的抑制效果越明显,延缓淀粉体外消化效果越显著。青稞β-葡聚糖形成的高黏性环境是青稞全粉低淀粉消化率的潜在机理。     

同品种不同蛋白质含量大麦主要水解酶活力变化

对不同蛋白质含量的国产大麦甘啤4号大麦发芽过程中α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶、木聚糖酶和过氧化物酶等水解酶活力进行研究.结果表明,两种大麦萌发过程中α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、木聚糖酶和过氧化物酶的活力的变化规律基本相似,但两种大麦的α-淀粉酶活力均在发芽后122 h时,达到最大值,高氮甘4为57.296u/g(绝干),低氮甘4为57.882u/g(绝干),而两种大麦的植酸酶活力变化规律则有所不同,但同时在发芽后26 h时,两种大麦的植酸酶活力同时达到最大值,高氮甘4为2.569 u/g(绝干),低氮甘4为2.851 u/g(绝干).     

发芽青稞的营养品质及降血压效果

作者以发芽前后青稞中β-葡聚糖、γ-氨基丁酸、游离氨基酸、总多酚等营养成分的质量分数以及β-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶等酶活性为指标，并结合高血压大鼠收缩压、心率等指标的变化情况，研究萌发对青稞营养品质和其降血压效果的影响。结果发现，青稞β-葡聚糖、淀粉和蛋白质质量分数随萌发时间延长而降低，γ-氨基丁酸质量分数在萌发48 h达到最高，总多酚、总黄酮质量分数以及β-葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活力随萌发时间延长而增加。总游离氨基酸质量分数尤其是必需氨基酸质量分数经萌发处理后显著升高（P<0.05），表明发芽能提高青稞营养价值。此外，与青稞相比，发芽青稞更利于降低高血压大鼠的收缩压、心率、血管紧张素Ⅱ和血管生成素（P<0.05），表明发芽青稞有更好的缓解高血压作用。     

糖化中麦芽淀粉酶系热稳定性的研究

本文研究了糖化过程中麦芽淀粉酶系的热稳定性、不同品种麦芽间淀粉酶热稳定性的差异及对麦汁糖组分的影响。结果表明糖化中45～65℃α-淀粉酶活力变化不显著;β-淀粉酶在60℃左右时酶活最大;极限糊精酶在45～60℃时酶活力稳定;温度超过60℃,β-淀粉酶和极限糊精酶的酶活显著下降,温度超过65℃α-淀粉酶活力下降明显。不同品种麦芽中淀粉酶系的热稳定性存在差异,其中β-淀粉酶热稳定性的差异最为显著。麦芽品种对麦汁可发酵性的影响明显。研究表明β-淀粉酶活力及其热稳定性是决定麦汁可发酵性的主要因素。     

玉米萌发过程中淀粉酶性质的研究

本实验研究了玉米萌发过程中各种因素对其中所含淀粉酶活力的影响,并研究了最佳萌发条件下,总淀粉酶、α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活力的变化情况,通过SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳确定了α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶的分子量,以SephadexG-100色谱对两种酶进行了分离。结果表明,水分含量、温度、光照以及赤霉素等因素对玉米淀粉酶活力均有影响,在水分35%、温度30℃、赤霉素30mg/L和自然光照条件下萌发,玉米的淀粉酶活力最高;在萌发过程中,α-淀粉酶活力增加得比较缓慢,而且活力也大大低于β-淀粉酶,总淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活力上升都比较迅速;β-淀粉酶的分子量为189.82×103D,α-淀粉酶的分子量为54.26×103D。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press