POSS-(PMMA46)8浸渍涂覆商业PP隔膜的结构与性能

为了提高锂离子电池的安全性能,降低其界面阻抗,选用既具有优异耐热性能又与聚合物有良好相容性的POSS杂化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(POSS-(PMMA 46 ) 8)作为改性剂,通过在商业聚丙烯(PP)隔膜上浸渍POSS-(PMMA 46 ) 8制备改性商用PP隔膜,分析隔膜的力学性能、热收缩性能、界面性能、离子电导率及电化学性能。结果表明:当POSS-(PMMA 46 ) 8质量分数为40%时,复合膜的孔丰富均一,润湿性最佳,拉伸强度是未改性前的5.34倍,且在160℃/1h下具有较高的热稳定性。此复合膜电导率为1.35×10 -3 S/cm,与电极的界面阻抗由原来的743Ω降为152Ω;Li/改性隔膜/LiFePO 4扣式电池的充放电循环稳定性较好,低倍率下的电池容量与商业PP隔膜相当。     

石墨烯微片表面接枝PMMA及其环氧树脂复合材料性能

利用石墨烯微片（GNPs）表面羟基与硅烷偶联剂反应,并通过原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法在GNPs表面接枝了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）。应用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射方法分析了化学接枝前后GNPs的微观结构变化。将接枝PMMA的GNPs加入环氧树脂中,研究其对环氧树脂力学性能与尺寸稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,与原始GNPs相比,表面接枝PMMA的GNPs对环氧树脂力学性能的增强作用更明显。添加质量分数为0.5%的GNPs-PMMA可以使环氧树脂拉伸强度和模量分别提高17.4%和75%,弯曲强度和模量也分别增加了6%和12%,同时可以使环氧树脂在低于玻璃化转变温度的线性热膨胀系数（CTE）降低25%。     

Preparation of superconducting-grade copper from commercial grade copper salt

Fine samples with nominal composition of Bi_1·6Pb_0·4Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O _x have been produced by solid state method using various purity grades of starting copper oxide powder. Studies onT _c and high-T _c volume fraction measurements of these samples revealed that the samples produced using CuO powders obtained in laboratory after double purification of the commercially available copper salts have higherT _c (104·46 K) and increased percentage of highT _c volume fraction (58%) compared to even the samples prepared from Aldrich grade (99·99%) CuO. A simple and cost-effective chemical route for the purification of CuO from commercially available copper salts has been outlined.     

Electrical conduction in solution-grown films of commercial grade polystyrene

The electrical conduction of solution-grown polystyrene films of thickness about 15 μm was investigated in the field and temperature ranges of about 6 × 10⁵ to 3 × 10⁷ V m^?1 and 300–400 K respectively. The results show that the Poole-Frenkel (PF) mechanism as modified by Jonscher and Ansari is the dominant mechanism in the present case. The modified PF barrier is calculated to be about 1.94 × 10^?19 J (1.21 eV).     

Dielectric properties of PMMA/Soot nanocomposites

Dielectric analysis (DEA) of relaxation behavior in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) soot nanocomposites is described herein. The soot, an inexpensive material, consists of carbon nanotubes, amorphous and graphitic carbon and metal particles. Results are compared to earlier studies on PMMA/multi-walled nanotube (MWNT) composites and PMMA/single-walled nanotube (SWNT) composites. The beta relaxation process appeared to be unaffected by the presence of the soot, as was noted earlier in nanotube composites. The gamma relaxation region in PMMA, normally dielectrically inactive, was "awakened" in the PMMA/soot composite. This occurrence is consistent with previously published data on nanotube composites. The dielectric permittivity, s', increased with soot content. The sample with 1% soot exhibited a permittivity (at 100 Hz and 25 degrees C) of 7.3 as compared to 5.1 for neat PMMA. Soot increased the dielectric strength, deltaE, of the composites. The 1% soot sample exhibited a dielectric strength of 6.38, while the neat PMMA had a value of 2.95 at 40 degrees C. The symmetric broadening term (alpha) was slightly higher for the 1% composite at temperatures near the secondary relaxation and near the primary relaxation, but all samples deviated from symmetrical semi-circular behavior (alpha = 1). The impact of the soot filler is seen more clearly in dielectric properties than in mechanical properties studies conducted earlier.     

High-temperature creep response of a commercial grade siliconized silicon carbide

Creep studies conducted in four-point flexure of a commercial siliconized silicon carbide (Si-SiC, designated as Norton NT230) have been carried out at temperatures of 1300, 1370, and 1410°C in air under selected stress levels. The Si-SiC material investigated contained 90% -SiC, 8% discontinuous free Si, and 2% porosity. In general, the Si-SiC material exhibited very low creep rates (2 to 10×10^–10 s^–1) at temperatures 1370°C under applied stress levels of up to 300 MPa. At 1410°C, the melting point of Si, the Si-SiC material still showed relative low creep rates (0.8 to 3 × 10^–9 s^–1) at stresses below a threshold value of 190 MPa. At stresses >190 MPa the Si-SiC material exhibited high creep rates plus a high stress exponent (n=17) as a result of slow crack growth assisted process that initiated within Si-rich regions. The Si-SiC material, tested at temperature 1370°C and below the threshold of 190 MPa at 1410°C, exhibited a stress exponent of one, suggestive of diffusional creep processes. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed very limited creep cavitation at free Si pockets, suggesting the discontinuous Si phase played no or little role in controlling the creep response of the Si-SiC material when it was tested in the creep-controlled regime.     

Thermal properties of PMMA/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites

Polymer/Clay offer tremendous improvement in wide range of physical and engineering properties for polymers with low filler loading. In nanotechnology polymer/clay nanocomposites use smectitetype clays that have layered structures. In this work, Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was synthesized by free radical addition polymerization in the presence of high power ultrasound. The Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-Montmorillonite (MMT) clay nanocomposites were synthesized by two different techniques viz., ultrasonic mixing and magnetic stirring. An analysis of the XRD data confirms that the composites are in the nanometer scale. The FTIR spectra show that there is strong interaction between the clay and the polymer that enhances the thermal stability. The thermal stability of the experimental nanocomposite prepared by the two processes is compared. Further analysis of XRD data shows that intercalation as well as exfoliation has taken place in both the types of nanocomposites preparation. An analysis of the TG, DTG curves reveal that the thermal stability is found to increase by nearly 30% for ultrasonic mixing than that of magnetic stirring.     

PMMA单分子膜成膜特性研究

研究了ＰＭＭＡ单分子膜的成膜特性及其结构．结果表明，ＰＭＭＡ能够在较大的表面压范围内形成稳定的单分子膜，并且具有不可重复压缩性、表面压力的各向异性和松驰特性．ＴＥＭ照片显示，ＰＭＭＡ分子链在单分子膜中是有序平行排列的     

Evaluation of hot hardness and creep of a 350 grade commercial maraging steel

The hardening response and the indentation creep of a 350 grade commercial maraging steel were evaluated using a hot hardness tester. The hardness versus temperature plot exhibited three distinct regions. Hardness response was noted between 500–800 K. The unusually high values of activation energy and stress exponent obtained during the creep experiment could be rationalized by a novel concept of introducing a back stress term in the indentation creep relation. The corrected value of the activation energy was found to be reasonably in agreement with the activation energy for diffusion of Ni in iron. Results are supplemented with microstructural observation.     

Characterisation and optical vapour sensing properties of PMMA thin films

The present article reports on the characterisation of spin coated thin films of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for their use in organic vapour sensing application. Thin film properties of PMMA are studied by UV–visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Results obtained show that homogeneous thin films with thickness in the range between 6 and 15 nm have been successfully prepared when films were spun at speeds between 1000?5000 rpm. Using SPR technique, the sensing properties of the spun films were studied on exposures to several halohydrocarbons including chloroform, dichloromethane and trichloroethylene. Data from measured kinetic response have been used to evaluate the sensitivity of the studied films to the various analyte molecules in terms of normalised response (%) per unit concentration (ppm). The highest PMMA film sensitivity of 0.067 normalised response per ppm was observed for chloroform vapour, for films spun at 1000 rpm. The high film's sensitivity to chloroform vapour was ascribed mainly to its solubility parameter and molar volume values. Effect of film thickness on the vapour sensing properties is also discussed.     

多功能nano ZnO/PMMA复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单、环保的方法原位制备了纳米ZnO/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（nano ZnO/PMMA）复合材料,并对其抗紫外性质、透明性、光致发光性质和抗菌性进行了研究。以乙醇为溶剂在30℃溶解单体、引发剂、前驱体和催化剂;升温到80℃使甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的聚合与ZnO的合成同时进行;蒸发去除溶剂即可获得nano ZnO/PMMA复合材料。采用XRD、FTIR、TEM和UV-Vis对nano ZnO/PMMA复合材料进行表征。结果表明,已成功制备nano ZnO/PMMA复合材料;所制备的nano ZnO/PMMA复合材料能够吸收200~400 nm的紫外辐射,且在可见光区域具有高的透明度;光致发光测试表明,nano ZnO/PMMA复合材料在紫外光激发下能够发出明亮的蓝绿光;抗菌测试表明,nano ZnO/PMMA复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抗菌效果,其抗菌率大于99%。多功能nano ZnO/PMMA复合材料在紫外屏蔽涂层、抗紫外有机玻璃、荧光材料、抗菌塑料制品等诸多领域有潜在应用。     

Phenolic matrix nanocomposites based on commercial grade resols: Synthesis and characterization

Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites based on a commercial grade resol were produced using a simple, low labor cost, mechanical approach which allowed to avoid the process of intercalative polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. Commercial compatibilized montmorillonite was selected as the main nanoreinforcement, while the matrix was a resol diluted in methanol. The aim of this work was to optimize the production technique of the above mentioned nanocomposites. Therefore intercalation of the resin was promoted by high speed mixing, and the processing parameters were varied in order to find the optimum dispersion. The produced nanocomposites were characterized and compared by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of the characterization tests indicated that it was possible to obtain a good degree of dispersion as well as and uniform distribution of the nanoclay platelets. However, TGA measurements showed that the introduction of well dispersed nanoclays did not result in a consistent improvement of thermal stability respect that of the neat resol.     

Preparation and luminescence properties of spin-coated PMMA films containing Si nanocrystallites

We report on the synthesis of Si nanocrystallites by pulsed laser ablation in toluene followed by the preparation of composite films with PMMA and their luminescence studies. Transmission electron microscopy images show that the sizes of silicon nanocrystallites vary from about 4 nm down to below 1 nm. The composite films exhibit strong emissions with their spectral peaks continuously moving from 387 to 506 nm when the excitation wavelength varies from 300 to 440 nm, in accordance with the quantum confinement effect. Their time-resolved photoluminescence spectra reveal a multi-exponential decay, implying that the light emission may be also related to some surface states.     

还原氧化石墨烯-SBA/PMMA复合材料的制备及介电性能

采用乳液聚合法制备苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物（SBA）,通过熔融共混法制备了还原氧化石墨烯/SBA-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（rGO-SBA/PMMA）复合材料,采用FTIR、TGA、动态力学分析对复合材料进行了结构表征,并对其进行了介电性能测试。结果显示,rGO的加入能够提高SBA的玻璃化转变温度。同时,也可以提高rGO-SBA复合材料的热稳定性。rGO的加入显著提高了rGO-SBA复合材料的介电常数。在rGO-SBA复合材料中,其渗流阈值在1.17wt%~2wt%之间,当rGO含量为1.17wt%时,rGO-SBA复合材料具有高的介电特性。在rGO-SBA/PMMA复合材料中,当SBA含量为13wt%及rGO含量为0.52wt%时,在频率为1 000 Hz处其介电常数可达到8.79,且介电损耗低至0.37,进一步表明了rGO-SBA/PMMA复合材料具有高介电低损耗的特性。      

Structure and properties of melt-processed PVDF/PMMA/polyaniline blends

Ternary blends composed of the matrix polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with different proportions of thermally doped polyaniline (PAni) using an alkylated dopant (dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid) (DBSA) were prepared by melt mixing. The effectiveness of these blends was compared with the corresponding binary blends of PVDF or PMMA with PAni–DBSA complex. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and morphological studies by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to characterize the blends in light of the interactions between their components and on the resulting electrical conductivity. Though a notable dispersion of PAni–DBSA in the PMMA matrix was incurred along with better conductivity with respect to PVDF/PAni–DBSA and PVDF/PMMA/PAni–DBSA blends, the thin films based on PMMA/PAni–DBSA were found to be fragile in nature. However, the presence of PMMA in the ternary blends of PVDF/PMMA/PAni–DBSA provided improved dispersion of PAni–DBSA in the PVDF/PMMA host matrix as compared to PVDF/PAni–DBSA binary blends. An enhancement in the conductivity by about two orders of magnitude at >5 wt% PAni–DBSA was witnessed in the ternary blends than that of PVDF/PAni–DBSA binary blends. Thin films made of ternary blends of PVDF/PMMA/PAni–DBSA also offered superior mechanical properties and flexibility than that of PMMA/PAni–DBSA binary blends due to the contribution of PVDF in the blend.     

Thermoelastic properties of 350 grade maraging steel

The elastic moduli of 350 grade maraging steel in the annealed and hardened states have been determined in the temperature range 4.2 to 300 K. Thermal expansion of these steels and pure iron are given for the range 2 to 800 K. The elastic moduli show a normal temperature dependence, increasing with decreasing temperature, and a zero temperature derivative at 0 K. The low-temperature thermal expansion coefficient is the sum of a linear and cubic term, the former having a negative sign for the steels, which is probably due to magnetic effects. The elastic moduli increase by about 10% on hardening, and this increase is correlated with the structural changes caused by the hardening process.     

Influence of dopant concentration on thermo-optic properties of PMMA composite

Thermo-optic (TO) coefficient (dT / dn ) as well as thermal expansion coefficients (β) of DR1/PMMA polymer film are measured for both TE (transversal electric) and TM (transversal magnetic) polarizations by using an attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration at the wavelengths of 650, 832 and 1064 nm. Experimental results indicate that the absolute value of TO coefficient of DR1 (disperse red 1)/PMMA film does not always increase with the increasing wt.% of the dopant. The absolute value of TO coefficient of TE polarization is always larger than that of TM polarization due to the anisotropy of thermal expansion coefficient. Moreover, it is found that the found that the different values of TO coefficient at different wavelengths are mainly caused by the dispersion of the refractive index.     

Mechanical properties of glass-fibre mat/PMMA functionally gradient composite

Glass-fibre mat (GFM) reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) composites with different fibre content and four kinds of functionally gradient material (FGM) composites were fabricated. To investigate the effects of glass-fibre content and spatial gradient, flexural test and instrumented impact test were conducted. Flexural modulus increased with the increment of fibre content. However, the flexural strength and the impact absorption energy of the composite exhibited maximum values at 30 vol.%. FGM composite with GF-rich side at both outer layers showed the highest flexural strength. Compared with isotropic composite, higher flexural modulus were obtained from the FGM composites. Impact absorption energies of four FGM composites were similar but their ductility indices (DI) were quite different. FGM composites with proper spatial gradient could have improved mechanical properties compared with conventional isotropic composites.     

Mechanical properties of TiO2-filled CNT/PMMA composites

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the effect of TiO₂ fillers on the mechanical properties of CNT/PMMA composites. TiO₂/PMMA/CNT composites were prepared by using twin screw extruder and test samples by injection moulding. Results indicated that incorporation of CNT in PMMA causes decreases in tensile stress, elongation at break, and on impact properties. It is observed that addition of CNT and TiO₂ seems to be beneficial in increasing mechanical strength via increasing the interface dispersed phase.