固体废物处理处置工程实验新教学模式探索

固体废物处理处置工程实验课程是环境工程专业的一门实验必修课,对培养学生主观能动性以及自主创新意识起着重要作用。但目前该实验课程存在一些问题,包括理论与实验教学分割、实验室设备与实际生产设备脱节、实验教学程序化和考核体系不科学等。针对以上问题,提出了建立理论与实验"耦合式"教学模式、形成"实验室-工厂"两地教学机制、开展多元化教学以及优化教学考核体系等教学改革措施,以构建固体废物处理处置工程实验新教学模式。在该教学模式下开展实验教学,可以充分激发学生的探索欲和创新能力,有利于培养"新工科"创新型固体废物处理处置专业技术人才。     

基础化学实验课程全英文教学的实践和体会

基础化学实验课程是学习化学的基础,对于提高学生对化学理论知识的理解、培养学生科研素质起到非常重要的作用。介绍了全英文基础化学实验课程相关的课程特点和课程编排;探讨了"软硬结合"教学讲授、"多媒体化"教学演示、"头脑风暴式"实验讨论、"面面聚焦式"实验考核等课程教学和考核方式在实验教学中的应用;并对授课要求和化学实验教学管理提出了一点意见。     

"学以致用"导向在工科化学实验授课中的构建与应用

工科化学实验是高等院校化学相关专业基础课程中非常重要的课程之一,对于学生掌握基本的操作技能,培养分析及解决问题的能力、提高科技创新能力具有十分重要的作用。结合三峡大学多年开设工科化学实验课程的经验积累,针对该课程目前存在的问题,进行了以"学以致用"为导向,提高授课质量及培养学习兴趣为目的教学探讨,通过实施"学以致用"导向原则在课程理论教学及实验环节的建立与应用,可以提升非化学专业学生对该课程的认可度,大幅改善实验教学效果。     

环境科学专业实验课程实践创新能力培养改革与实践

以实践创新能力培养为目标,从课程内容、教学模式和成绩考核评价三方面对环境科学专业实验课程教学进行了改革与实践。增加综合性和设计创新性实验的权重,加强不同课程间的协同联系,提升课程内容的整体性和层次性;采用"情境式教学"和"模块化教学";采用包含课前、课中、课后实验全过程的综合评价体系。经过几年的改革和实践,取得了较为满意的效果,提升了学生对实验课程的兴趣和主动性,增加了学生的实践创新能力。     

药物合成反应实训课程思政研究与实践

药物合成反应实训是药品生产技术专业的核心实训课程，具有很强的实践性和可操作性。通过典型药物合成反应将课程重点理论和实操要点传授于学生，深入挖掘每项实验中潜在的思政元素并通过启发式教学方式呈现于学生。通过精心流畅的教学设计将命题式和自主设计式实训项目逐次展开实施，充分发挥以学生为中心的教学理念，实现大学生的思想政治教育与专业技能培养相结合、药物合成反应实训课程思政教学与育人相统一的良好教学效果。     

项目驱动教学法在水处理药剂课程中的应用

项目驱动教学模式是一种注重学生自主学习能力培养的教学法。文章以水处理药剂课程为例,阐述了项目驱动式教学法的项目设计、实施过程和成果评价方面的内容以及在构建和实施项目驱动式教学中应注意的问题,探索如何在"水处理药剂"课程教学中采用项目驱动式教学法,从而达到提高学生学习的兴趣,培养学生自主学习能力和团队协作能力的目的。     

"材料之星"课程体系中无机化学教学与实践

无机化学作为"材料之星"课程体系中的基础课程,是一门建立在实验基础上的自然学科。在教学过程中实现对学生创新实践能力的培养是无机化学教学目标的核心。本文结合"材料之星"计划,针对学生学习积极性差和实践能力薄弱的状况,旨在探索无机化学理论与基础实验和创新实验相结合的教学模式以提高学生参与课堂的积极性,从而帮助学生建立理论知识网络并在实践中培养其创新能力。     

飞行控制系统课程教学方法特点浅析

"飞行控制系统"是介绍民航自动飞行控制各子系统工作原理和操作方法的一门专业特色选修课程,该课程涉及知识面广,实践性强,教学过程中特别注重围绕学科特点,着重能力培养。课程紧紧围绕工程教育认证进行教学,以培养学生达到中国民航局飞行驾驶人才职业标准为目标,以行业规章为引领,以面向国际交流为需求导向,运用国内外优秀教材和资源,夯实学生的理论基础,培养学生的情景意识,从而在飞行技术专业"学历教育+执照培训"的培养体系中突显课程特色,实现教学目标。     

工程教育与新工科建设背景下液压与气压传动课程教学改革研究——项目驱动教学方法探索

《液压与气压传动》是机械工程专业中一门重要的基础课程,整个课程的教学过程分为理论教学、实验教学两部分。根据工程教育和新工科建设对学生的培养要求,解决学生对课程学习及应用前景不明确的问题。文章以就业为导向、以项目驱动式教学为方法、以实际工程为教学案例设计课程教学内容,突出地方高校为地方培养应用型人才的战略定位,使学生更快、更好的达到企业相应岗位的要求,培养学生适应岗位需求的能力。该教学方法可以为其它工科课程教学改革提供借鉴。     

理论-实践教学耦合的化工专业模块化课程构建

课程模块化是将工程专业理论教学与实践教学紧密衔接的重要途径,是落实化工专业"应用转型"的根本。本文以化工设计作为构建模块化课程的主线,以地方行业的需要及发展前景为依据,提出了灵活多样的课程组织形式,建立了突出对应用能力培养的理论-实践耦合的模块化课程新结构,设计了理论-实践耦合的化工专业模块化课程实施方案,融合了课堂教学、课题练习、案例分析、项目研讨、实验实训等不同的教学形式,开发了虚实结合的教学方法和教学资源组织教学。在实践与理论融合的教学过程中,学生提高了学习主动性,获得了作为教学主体的成就感,加深了对理论知识的理解,培养了职业技能和工程素养。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.