阴离子型含硅水性聚氨酯壁材相变储能微胶囊的制备与性能

采用端羟基硅油（PDMS-OH）引入聚氨酯预聚体链段,利用二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂制备了阴离子型含硅水性聚氨酯预聚体,再将其与三缩丙二醇二丙烯酸酯（TPGDA）聚合用以包覆石蜡芯材,获得阴离子型含硅水性聚氨酯壁材相变储能微胶囊,分析了PDMS-OH与聚醚多元醇（PPG2000）对相变储能微胶囊各项性能的影响。结果表明,PDMS-OH已成功接入聚氨酯预聚体主链,且壁材已成功包覆石蜡芯材,PDMS-OH的引入有助于提高壁材的力学强度,提高了相变储能微胶囊的芯材包覆率,其中PDMS-OH/PPG2000摩尔比为90:10时,熔融焓为157.25 J/g,结晶焓为183.17 J/g,石蜡含量达75.43%;并且有助于减小乳液中乳胶束的粒径,其中最小粒径为181.45 nm,从而大幅改善微胶囊芯材外泄的问题;另外,随着PDMS-OH/PPG2000摩尔比的提高,一段分解失重率下降幅度增大,表明芯材包覆率进一步提高,其中PDMS-OH/PPG2000摩尔比为90:10时,一段失重率达73.40%。     

木材太阳能干燥用石蜡相变微胶囊的制备及性能研究

以石蜡为芯材、三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂为壁材制备相变微胶囊。设计正交试验对石蜡相变微胶囊的制备参数进行优化,并计算微胶囊的包覆效率和囊芯百分率。结果表明,在芯壁质量比为2:1,尿素、三聚氰胺质量比为9:12.6,乳化剂用量为芯材质量8%,转速为1200r/min条件下,制备的石蜡相变微胶囊表现出良好的储热性能。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪对石蜡相变微胶囊进行热性能表征,为相变微胶囊在木材太阳能干燥中的应用提供理论基础。     

芯材表面修饰法制备聚脲石蜡相变微胶囊及其表征

采用芯材表面修饰法制备了聚脲石蜡相变微胶囊。首先在固体石蜡颗粒表面引入氨基(-NH2),制备表面氨基修饰的固体石蜡芯材,再加入2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和改性胺固化剂,形成聚脲壁包覆芯材。用差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和激光粒径分布仪表征了芯壁用量比以及搅拌速度对相变微胶囊结构和性能的影响。FT-IR测试结果表明,该方法成功地在固体石蜡微球的表面引入了氨基。固定转速时,随着芯壁用量比中TDI用量的增加,微胶囊相变潜热明显增加;在十八胺与TDI摩尔比相同的条件下,随着芯材制备搅拌速率的增大,微胶囊的平均粒径减小而相变潜热明显增加。当搅拌速率为800 r/min,十八胺与TDI摩尔比为1∶2时,所制备的聚脲石蜡相变微胶囊包覆完整,热稳定性好,平均粒径为18.262μm,相变潜热可达142.8 J/g,包覆率达63%以上。     

核壳质量比对石蜡-聚脲相变微胶囊性能的影响

以质量比为3∶7的固体石蜡与液体石蜡均匀混合得到复合石蜡,甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)单体和乙二胺(EDA)在乳化剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的乳化作用下,通过界面聚合包覆在芯材复合石蜡的表面形成石蜡-聚脲相变微胶囊,对比差热曲线和加热-冷却曲线表征芯材复合石蜡的蓄热性能,探讨EDA与TDI质量比对聚脲囊壁产量的影响,以及核壳质量比对石蜡-聚脲相变微胶囊粒径、包覆效率以及蓄热性能的影响。结果表明:加热-冷却曲线与差示扫描量热曲线显示复合石蜡的熔点接近;聚脲囊壁的产量随着水合EDA与TDI质量比的增大近似线性增大,质量比达到0.5∶1.0后,聚脲囊壁的产量不再增大;核壳质量比为2.0∶1.0时制得石蜡-聚脲相变微胶囊的熔点为28.1℃,相变焓为58.4 k J/kg,包覆效率为87.5%,粒径约为4.32μm,粒径分布均匀。     

芯材制备条件对聚脲石蜡相变微胶囊性能的影响

采用吐温-80(Tween-80)和司班-80(Span-80)复配乳化剂,通过芯材表面修饰法制备以聚脲为壁材,石蜡为芯材的石蜡相变微胶囊材料。采用差示扫描量热仪、激光粒径分布仪和扫面电子显微镜对石蜡相变微胶囊进行了形貌表征和性能分析。通过对石蜡相变微胶囊芯材制备的单因素试验,对聚脲石蜡相变微胶囊的性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,复配乳化剂的使用能使芯材乳液的稳定性增加,而复合乳化剂用量、搅拌速率和乳化时间的延长有利于芯材乳液的稳定性的增加;芯材制备过程中,搅拌分散转速、搅拌分散时间及搅拌降温速率对石蜡相变微胶囊的性能有重要影响。     

石蜡/聚脲相变微胶囊的制备及表征

以固体石蜡和液体石蜡熔融混合进行复配,复合石蜡的相变温度和相变焓都随固体石蜡含量的增加而升高,以固液比3∶7制备的复合石蜡熔点为28.3℃,相变潜热为100.04kJ/kg。以此复合石蜡作为微胶囊的芯材,以甲苯2,4二异氰酸酯(TDI)和乙二胺为单体,OP-10为乳化剂,采用界面聚合法在复合石蜡表面包覆聚脲囊壁材料制备石蜡/聚脲相变微胶囊,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了乳化搅拌速度和反应温度对相变微胶囊表面形貌的影响,并用红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对相变微胶囊进行了表征。实验结果表明:在乳化搅拌速度2000r/min、反应温度70℃时制备的石蜡/聚脲相变微胶囊颗粒呈球形分布,平均粒径在3~4μm范围内,分散均匀,颗粒表面光滑、致密,熔点为28.1℃,相变潜热为58.4kJ/kg,包覆效率为87.5%。     

以高岭石稳定的Pickering乳液为模板制备高岭石聚脲微胶囊及相变性能研究

相变微胶囊以其优异的储热性能被广泛用于建筑节能等领域,但是,由于传统相变微胶囊常以表面活性剂所稳定的乳液为模板,由单一高分子聚合物形成囊壁,导致其热稳定性和储热性能较低。本文通过在高岭石稳定的水/石蜡乳液界面处引发异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和水发生聚合反应,成功获得了囊壁为高岭石聚脲包封客体为石蜡的相变微胶囊。结果表明:相变微胶囊形貌规整呈球形,微胶囊平均粒径为42μm并可通过调控乳液液滴大小实现尺寸调控;该微胶囊的石蜡包封率达85.3%,相变点为49.6℃,热分解温度为218℃,相变潜热高达175.7 J/g。以高岭石稳定的Pickering乳液为模板所制备的相变微胶囊具有良好的热稳定性和相变潜热,有望作为相变储热材料应用于节能领域。     

一种非致命新概念武器的可行性研究

以高吸水树脂为芯材、石蜡为壁材,用熔化分散冷凝法制备了蜡壁高吸水树脂微胶囊.在对所制备的微胶囊的表观形貌、粒径及其分布、密度和吸水性能等物化性能进行分析的基础上,通过实验证明,该微胶囊具有能悬浮在水中、囊壁在遇热时可立即熔化、囊芯可迅速吸水并堵塞管道的功能,能够满足针对舰艇反物质非致命新概念武器的工作要求.     

石蜡微胶囊的制备及其在隔热腻子中的应用与表征

采用直接原位聚合法制备了以石蜡为内相的脲醛树脂微胶囊，考察了芯壁比和间苯二酚对石蜡微胶囊相变潜热和平均粒径的影响，制备了基于相变机理的隔热腻子，并表征了其隔热性能．结果表明，随着芯壁比的增加，微胶囊相变潜热增大，达到最大值后降低，而粒径一直增大。间苯二酚的作用是加速囊壁固化，其加入时间需在反应进行到一定程度后，用量应该控制在合适的范围内。石蜡微胶囊能用于制备不饱和聚酯隔热腻子，制出的腻子符合Z0721原子灰标准Q／CYQ310-2006。石蜡微胶囊在腻子中起到了隔热作用，微胶囊含量的降低将会大大降低涂膜的隔热性能。     

W/O/W复相乳液法合成多元氮丙啶/聚酯微胶囊的研究及表征

通过W/O/W型复相乳液法合成制备多元氮丙啶(XAMA-7)/聚酯交联控制型微胶囊,对合成过程及工艺参数的影响进行了研究,研究发现:溶剂蒸发速率太高会导致微胶囊表面皱缩和多孔,溶剂在2小时蒸发完全时得到的微胶囊表面硬化速率均匀;低表面自由能的聚酯对形成微胶囊有利,其值为34.5 mJ/m~2时可以制得完整包覆的微胶囊;胶体稳定剂用量为2.5%时可以得到具有中空结构的规整球形微胶囊;壁心质量比对所制备的微胶囊形态和囊心含量具有重要的影响,壁心质量比为50%:50%的微胶囊球形规整且壁厚均匀,囊心含量约为22%;通过扫描电镜和红外光谱对微胶囊形貌和组成进行表征,结果证明微胶囊呈中空结构且壁厚均匀,聚酯对多元氮丙啶(XAMA-7)形成包覆,XAMA-7分布于微胶囊的中心区域。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.