PCL/PPC共混膜性能研究

目的提高聚己内酯(PCL)薄膜对氧气及水蒸汽的阻隔性。方法利用双螺杆挤出机,对PCL与聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)进行共混挤出制备薄膜材料,并对PCL/PPC共混膜的相容、热学、阻隔及力学等性能进行测量。结果当PPC含量较少或较多时,PCL与PPC具有一定的相容性,而在中间含量时出现了相分离;PCL/PPC薄膜对氧气的透过系数和水蒸气的透过率随着PPC含量的增加而降低;PPC的加入提高了PCL的强度及模量,在共混比例较小时,共混膜有相对较好的抗撕裂性能。结论添加适量的PPC能使PCL表现出更好的氧气和水蒸汽阻隔性及较好的力学性能。     

熔融共混制备聚己内酯基水蒸气阻隔材料及其阻隔性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过熔融共混制备了具备高水蒸气阻隔性能的可生物降解聚己内酯/三硬脂酸甘油酯(PCL/C18)复合材料。在相对湿度为90%RH时,添加30%的C18使复合材料的水蒸气渗透率由1.80^(-13)g·cm/(cm^2·s·Pa)(纯PCL)降低至0.58^(-13)g·cm/(cm^2·s·Pa),降低幅度达67.8%。结构分析表明,C18呈球状均匀分布在PCL基体中,并能大幅增加共混物的亲水接触角,既能有效构筑复合材料疏水性表面,又可增加水蒸气在材料中的扩散路径,获得阻隔性能优良的PCL/C18体型阻隔材料。该方法通过简单的一次熔融加工制备了具有高水蒸气阻隔性能且力学性能良好的材料,具有潜在应用价值。     

聚ε-己内酯对聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混体系性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

通过熔融共混法制备了不同聚ε-己内酯含量的聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚ε-己内酯(PLA/PBS/PCL)共混物,采用X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪、流变仪和万能试验机等对PLA/PBS/PCL共混体系的结晶性能、热稳定性、流变行为和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,PCL的加入未改变共混物的结晶结构;加入PCL后,共混物的起始分解温度(Ti)和分解终止温度(Tf)显著提高,当PCL用量为3 phr时,共混物的Ti和Tf分别提高了27.14℃和23.31℃;当PCL用量不超过2 phr时,PCL对共混体系主要起增容作用,PLA与PBS之间的相容性得到改善;随着PCL用量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度呈先增加后减小的趋势,PCL用量为2 phr时,达到最大值69.3 MPa,冲击强度呈增加的趋势,PCL用量为3 phr时,达到最大值5.59 k J/m2,较PLA/PBS共混物分别增加了35.4%和76.9%。     

聚ε-己内酯对聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混体系性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了不同聚ε-己内酯含量的聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚ε-己内酯(PLA/PBS/PCL)共混物,采用X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪、流变仪和万能试验机等对PLA/PBS/PCL共混体系的结晶性能、热稳定性、流变行为和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,PCL的加入未改变共混物的结晶结构;加入PCL后,共混物的起始分解温度(Ti)和分解终止温度(Tf)显著提高,当PCL用量为3 phr时,共混物的Ti和Tf分别提高了27.14℃和23.31℃;当PCL用量不超过2 phr时,PCL对共混体系主要起增容作用,PLA与PBS之间的相容性得到改善;随着PCL用量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度呈先增加后减小的趋势,PCL用量为2 phr时,达到最大值69.3 MPa,冲击强度呈增加的趋势,PCL用量为3 phr时,达到最大值5.59 k J/m2,较PLA/PBS共混物分别增加了35.4%和76.9%。     

聚ε-己内酯与EVA树脂共混体系的热致形状记忆功能研究

采用聚ε-己内酯(PCL)与EVA树脂共混的方法制备具有部分相容性的共混体系,并通过辐照交联制备热致形状记忆功能材料。探讨了凝胶含量、辐照剂量、EVA含量之间关系以及对形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明:PCL/EVA共混物的形状回复率随辐照剂量增加而上升。低辐照剂量时,随PCL/EVA共混物中EVA含量增加,凝胶含量增加,同时形状回复率上升,达到形状记忆性能的临界辐照剂量下降。而高辐照剂量时,EVA含量对凝胶含量和形状回复率的影响不显著。     

熔融共混制备聚己内酯基水蒸气阻隔材料及其阻隔性能

通过熔融共混制备了具备高水蒸气阻隔性能的可生物降解聚己内酯/三硬脂酸甘油酯(PCL/C18)复合材料。在相对湿度为90%RH时,添加30%的C18使复合材料的水蒸气渗透率由1.80~(-13)g·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa)(纯PCL)降低至0.58~(-13)g·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa),降低幅度达67.8%。结构分析表明,C18呈球状均匀分布在PCL基体中,并能大幅增加共混物的亲水接触角,既能有效构筑复合材料疏水性表面,又可增加水蒸气在材料中的扩散路径,获得阻隔性能优良的PCL/C18体型阻隔材料。该方法通过简单的一次熔融加工制备了具有高水蒸气阻隔性能且力学性能良好的材料,具有潜在应用价值。     

利用超临界二氧化碳制备聚己内酯/聚乙二醇多孔支架材料

采用超临界二氧化碳技术与聚合物共混相结合的方法,制备了组织工程多孔支架。通过熔融共混的方法制备具有共连续结构的聚己内酯/聚乙二醇(PCL/PEG)共混物,在超临界二氧化碳中对PCL/PEG共混物进行粗化处理,最后选择蒸馏水作为刻蚀溶剂选择性刻蚀得到多孔支架。系统研究了温度、压力、时间对支架孔径的影响。实验结果表明,随着处理温度、压力的提高以及时间的延长,多孔支架的孔径增大。由于超临界二氧化碳的引入,可以在更低温度下实现PCL/PEG共混物的退火处理,有利于降低材料的降解。并且由于选用了水溶性聚合物作为刻蚀相,在支架的制备过程中完全避免了有机溶剂的使用。     

PPDO/PDLLA共混物的结晶行为

通过溶液共混的方法得到了一系列PPDO/PDLLA生物可降解复合物。利用差示扫描量热法(DSC),配带热台的偏光显微镜(POM)和X射线衍射法(XRD)研究了聚对二氧环己酮(PPDO)与外消旋聚乳酸(PDLLA)共混物的结晶行为。结果表明,PPDO/PDLLA复合物的DSC曲线具有两个明显不同的Tg,分别与其均聚物的Tg相对应,说明二者是不相容的,同时PDLLA的加入并未明显影响PPDO的晶体结构,同时PDLLA的存在提高了PPDO的结晶度,并显著加速了PPDO的结晶过程。     

PPDO/PDLLA共混物的结晶行为EI北大核心

通过溶液共混的方法得到了一系列PPDO/PDLLA生物可降解复合物。利用差示扫描量热法(DSC),配带热台的偏光显微镜(POM)和X射线衍射法(XRD)研究了聚对二氧环己酮(PPDO)与外消旋聚乳酸(PDLLA)共混物的结晶行为。结果表明,PPDO/PDLLA复合物的DSC曲线具有两个明显不同的Tg,分别与其均聚物的Tg相对应,说明二者是不相容的,同时PDLLA的加入并未明显影响PPDO的晶体结构,同时PDLLA的存在提高了PPDO的结晶度,并显著加速了PPDO的结晶过程。     

聚己内酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的制备及对聚己内酯/淀粉的增容作用

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为反应单体,通过熔融接枝反应将GMA接枝到聚己内酯(PCL)上,制备了PCL-g-GMA。以PCL-g-GMA为增容剂,制备了PCL/淀粉/PCL-g-GMA共混物。扫描电镜表明,PCL/淀粉共混物界面粘接力差、淀粉出现团聚。然而加入PCL-g-GMA后,PCL/淀粉/PCL-g-GMA中淀粉分散变得均匀,且淀粉颗粒被PCL包裹,两相界面更加模糊。拉伸实验表明,加入PCL-g-GMA增容剂后,共混物的拉伸强度由(12.3±2.1)MPa增加到(17.0±3.2)MPa,拉伸模量由(4.2±1.8)GPa增加到(5.7±2.9)GPa.断裂伸长率由(210±16)%增加到(803±40)%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...