华夏信息

塑料包装设备——中空成型机难以适应市场需要近几年我国中空吹塑成型技术随着塑料包装行业的快速发展，已具有一定水平。中空容器产品结构发生了很大变化：小型中空容器向多品种、多样化、专业化方向发展，大型中空制品主要有聚丙烯或高密度聚乙烯中空吹塑制品等。但我国中空吹塑设备市场却不十分活跃。究其原因，一方面是国产原料不过关，另一方面是国产设备适应面窄，生产方式比较单一，许多产品，如聚酯瓶、汽车配件等均不适用于挤吹方式生产。而我国除挤吹方式以外，注吹、挤拉吹、注拉吹方式较少，且性能不过关，与国外产品在自动化控…     

吹塑成型CAE技术研究与应用现状分析

吹塑成型是成型中空塑料制品的主要成型方法,其成型过程包括型坯成型、型坯吹胀和制品的冷却固化三个阶段。中空制品的吹型成型质量受各种工艺因素的影响,包括熔融温度、吹胀压力、拉仲速率、冷却时间、聚合物材料柱能等。吹塑成型数值模拟可预测制品的壁厚均匀性,残余应力和收缩状况等,指导吹塑成型模具的优化设计,并通过优化工艺参数获得最佳性能的吹塑制品。本文对吹塑成型CAE技术的发展状况进行了详细研究,并对其应用现状作了简单分析。     

多层共挤中空塑料成型机绿色技术的科技创新及其应用技术的分析研究

提出了多层共挤中空塑料成型机绿色技术的科学技术体系和绿色设计原则,研究了多层共挤中空塑料成型机的共挤机头、塑化挤出、合模机构、动力驱动、加热、吹塑、控制等部件及系统在提高能源利用率、减少资源消耗、节能加工、清洁生产、能量和回料再生应用等方面的绿色技术的科技创新及研发要点,论述了智能化实现多层共挤中空成型机的绿色技术科学化发展的研发要点,浅述了多层共挤中空塑料成型机实现挤出中空成型容器“现实需求”和“潜在需求”实现资源节约型、提高阻隔性和环保性等绿色成型加工技术化的进展,研究了多层共挤塑料中空成型机绿色技术的科技创新推动中空容器成型加工技术绿色化的进展.     

聚乙烯加工应用进展（Ⅱ）

介绍了我国聚乙烯板板、片材及管材、注塑制品以及中空成型、发泡、增强、填充等制品的开发应用，同时还阐述了聚乙烯的交联、接枝、共混和加工性能方法的研究和应用情况。     

漫话“挤吹”与“注吹”

作为两大中空吹塑成型工艺,挤出吹塑（简称“挤吹”）和注射吹塑（简称“注吹”）有哪些不同？它们的长处和短处及适用场合是什么？两种工艺的机器构成如伺？吹塑生产多层结构制品的技术难点有哪些？它们的国内市场应用情况以及技术发展趋势如何……？为了寻求这些问题的答案,本刊特别邀请了国内几家“挤吹”和“注吹”设备制造商,请他们为我们做出全面的阐释。     

我国中空吹塑行业发展现状及“十四五”期间重点产品、工艺和设备发展方向

从原料、中空成型机和吹塑工艺等方面介绍了我国中空吹塑行业发展现状，并对电子化学品专用超洁净桶、高压储氢四型瓶、全电动中空成型机、微发泡中空成型技术和挤吹聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）容器等在“十四五”期间的重点产品、工艺和设备发展方向进行了展望。     

中空吹塑成型及其控制

本文简要叙述了中空成型方法及其特点,并在介绍作者设计的挤吹机控制硬件系统基础上,论述了基于制品形状计算挤出管胚壁厚并实施多点控制的原理及控制方法。由于采用了电液比例控制技术及微机技术,并将制品外形设计、管胚壁厚计算及多点壁厚控制等部分集于一体,挤吹成型自动化程度得以大大提高。     

多层共挤中空塑料成型机绿色技术的分析研究（下）

提出了多层共挤中空塑料成型机绿色技术的科学技术体系和绿色设计原则,研究了多层共挤中空塑料成型机的共挤机头、塑化挤出、合模机构、动力驱动、加热、吹塑、控制等部件及系统在提高能源利用率、减少资源消耗、节能加工、清洁生产、能量和回料再生应用等方面的绿色技术的发展及研发要点,论述了智能化实现多层共挤中空成型机的绿色技术科学化发展的研发要点,浅述了多层共挤中空塑料成型机实现挤出中空成型容器“现实需求”和“潜在需求”实现资源节约型、提高阻隔性和环保性等绿色成型加工技术化的进展,指出以绿色技术科学发展体系为研发理念、创新创造多层共挤中空塑料成型机绿色技术的新技术、新设备、新工艺,实现多层共挤塑料中空塑料成型机绿色技术从较低层次向较高层次的跃式可持续发展,持续绿色化中空塑料包装的发展。     

多层共挤中空塑料成型机绿色技术的分析研究（上）

提出了多层共挤中空塑料成型机绿色技术的科学技术体系和绿色设计原则,研究了多层共挤中空塑料成型机的共挤机头、塑化挤出、合模机构、动力驱动、加热、吹塑、控制等部件及系统在提高能源利用率、减少资源消耗、节能加工、清洁生产、能量和回料再生应用等方面的绿色技术的发展及研发要点,论述了智能化实现多层共挤中空成型机的绿色技术科学化发展的研发要点,浅述了多层共挤中空塑料成型机实现挤出中空成型容器＂现实需求＂和＂潜在需求＂实现资源节约型、提高阻隔性和环保性等绿色成型加工技术化的进展,指出以绿色技术科学发展体系为研发理念、创新创造多层共挤中空塑料成型机绿色技术的新技术、新设备、新工艺,实现多层共挤塑料中空塑料成型机绿色技术从较低层次向较高层次的跃式可持续发展,持续绿色化中空塑料包装的发展。     

聚合物共挤出技术及其应用

综述了聚合物共挤出技术近年来的发展及应用,包括多色共挤出技术及问题、微米层/纳米层共挤出技术及优势、共挤绝缘橡胶管感应器,以及多层共挤中空容器共挤出技术及应用.介绍了气体辅助共挤出成型技术及其优势.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。