采用线性加减速伺服系统的快速准确定位方法

定位精度与定位时间是CNC系统中十分重要的性能参数,加减速算法特别是减速算法对它们有着十分重要的影响。详细地分析了传统减速算法定位时间长的原因,在此基础上提出了改进算法,并进行了仿真和试验,结果表明在保证相同定位精度条件下采用该方法可大大缩短定位时间和提高机床加工效率。     

基于MDS的无线传感器网络定位算法的优化

介绍了一种改进了的基于多维标度的迭代定位算法(MDS),该算法把参考节点的质心坐标设置为迭代初始值。分析了该算法存在的缺点,提出一种平滑优化算法。仿真结果表明:平滑后的MDS迭代定位算法,迭代次数大大减少,定位精度显著提高。在同样的定位精度下,平滑后的算法需要的锚节点数明显减少。算法具有实际应用价值。     

基于扇形栅格模型的蚁群算法在病灶定位中的应用

为提高重离子治癌治疗床上病灶的定位精度,针对重离子治癌系统中的病灶定位过程,提出利用扇形栅格法对重离子治癌治疗床的空间环境进行建模;用改进的蚁群算法对病灶定位运动过程进行路径优化,运用新的信息素更新策略,加快算法收敛速度。在扇形栅格模型中,采用改进的蚁群算法对病灶进行运动仿真,得出了最优路线图及收敛曲线图。经分析,新的栅格蚁群算法提高了病灶的定位精度,保证了治疗效果;可有效减少收敛次数,缩短治疗系统运行时间,提高治疗效率。     

提高仿生复眼定位精度研究

自然界中昆虫复眼的定位属于视觉定位技术的一种,其具有的大视场、小体积、高灵敏度的特点,满足了诸多场合对定位装置的要求。参照昆虫复眼研制的新型仿生复眼系统由复眼球壳、微透镜阵列、弯月折转透镜和大面积CMOS相机等组成,为实现复眼系统定位功能,需要先完成系统标定工作。针对系统标定过程中存在的图像光斑中心定位精度不足的问题,提出了基于能量对称的光斑中心定位算法,该算法首先需要完成复眼各子眼通道成像的传感器辐射响应标定,再根据能量对称的原则提取光斑中心坐标。并对该算法的定位效果进行试验验证。为了验证改进方案对复眼系统目标点定位精度的提升效果,在复眼系统60°视场内进行目标点定位试验,试验结果表明,方案改进前后整体角度误差最大值从4.92mrad降低到4.23mrad,定位精度提升约14%,表明改进方案对复眼系统定位精度起到了较好的提升效果。     

瞳孔中心点自动定位与对准装置

为了辅助无人值守式眼底筛查设备在不同光照环境下自动进行眼底成像,搭建了瞳孔中心点自动定位与对准装置,并提出了一种基于圆近似模型的算法来实现瞳孔中心点的自动定位。首先,使用二值化、轮廓提取与填充等方法对图像进行了预处理,以消除噪声和光斑对后续处理的影响;接着,使用本文提出的新型的圆近似算法来实现瞳孔中心点的精准定位;最后,根据定位的瞳孔中心点位置,来控制步进电机移动平移台,从而实现图像采集视场中心和瞳孔中心的对准。为验证有效性,将文中算法、传统Hough圆算法及改进的Hough圆算法在定位精度、平均定位时间上进行了比较。本文算法的定位精度为93.33%,平均定位时间为95.67ms,比传统Hough圆检测定位精度提高了约3.5倍,定位时间减少了约68.86%,比改进的Hough圆算法检测定位精度提高了约2倍,定位时间减少了约63.11%。实验结果表明,该系统在光照参量无法严格控制的拍摄环境下,对瞳孔自动定位与对准的准确度和计算效率均有显著地提升。基本满足无人值守式眼底筛查设备的实时性、精确性、鲁棒性要求,有助于无人值守式眼底筛查设备的推广。     

基于神经网络与自调节卡尔曼滤波的超宽带定位算法研究

提出了一种基于神经网络与自调节卡尔曼滤波的超宽带(UWB)定位算法，以改善目前某三线自动驾驶轨道交通系统车辆定位精度不够高的现状。使用UWB标签和基站采集大量标签与各个基站的距离信息及对应标签的实际位置训练神经网络。在实时定位阶段，标签与各个基站的距离信息经网络发送至集中控制中心的服务器，通过优化后的神经网络得出实时的UWB定位标签的位置，对实时得到的标签位置使用自调节卡尔曼滤波以进一步提高精度。根据实车运行情况设计了一组包含斜道、直道和弯道的UWB标签移动轨迹进行仿真，并搭建UWB定位系统，设计标签的行驶轨迹，对神经网络与自调节卡尔曼滤波结合的UWB定位算法进行实验验证。结果表明：神经网络与自调节卡尔曼滤波结合的定位算法最大定位误差为223.58 mm,平均定位误差为43.16 mm,定位误差均方根值为42.06 mm。提出的神经网络与自调节卡尔曼滤波结合的定位算法相较于三点定位算法、卡尔曼滤波算法和神经网络算法，具有精度高、实时性好及稳定性高的优点，能够满足目前该三线轨道交通的定位要求。     

改进 DV-Hop 定位算法在钢构建筑健康监测中的应用

针对钢构建筑中故障点定位精度不高的问题,提出了一种改进的DV-Hop定位算法,设计出无线传感网络技术检测故障点的方案。描述了钢构建筑健康监测系统中故障点定位方式,分析传统DV-Hop算法节点定位精度不高的缺陷,并对其进行针对性的3点改进：首先采用四通信半径来细化节点间的跳数;然后利用加权处理平均跳距进行修正;最后通过改进的麻雀搜索算法对故障点进行位置定位。以秦始皇陵兵马俑一号展厅钢构屋盖作为仿真对象,通过MADIS＿GEN软件进行建模和降维化处理,将改进的ISSADV-Hop与传统DV-Hop、IPSODV-Hop和IGWODV-Hop算法应用于钢构建筑中故障点定位进行仿真对比,结果表明归一化定位误差分别降低了19.64%、14.87%、8.96%,验证了本文设计方案能够有效地提高定位精度,更适合于钢构建筑健康监测系统中故障点定位。     

基于多频点相位距离/角度联合估计的RFID室内定位算法

为了解决现有射频识别(RFID)定位方法定位精度差,定位耗时长的问题,提出了一种基于多频点相位距离/角度联合估计的RFID室内多目标定位算法。利用跳频技术获取RFID标签多频点相位信息,通过多频点相位解决整周模糊度问题,获取目标粗估计距离。进而使用粒子群优化算法完成多目标位置并行检索,同时融合多重信号分类算法思想抑制噪声和多径干扰,进一步优化定位结果。通过实测验证,所提算法可实现多目标并行定位,且定位的中位数误差达8.56 cm,定位耗时比传统双曲线定位算法减少了58.8%。     

基于VBKF-CPA-TSA算法的UWB定位技术

设施内移动农业设备的精准定位是农业智能化、无人化发展的关键。针对设施内GPS拒止环境下农业设备的定位问题,提出利用超宽带(UWB)系统构建设施内移动农业设备的导航定位系统。为了提高移动农业设备的定位精度,提出利用变分卡尔曼滤波(VBKF)对UWB系统的4个测量距离进行平滑处理,提高测量距离的估计精度,采用全质心定位算法(CPA)求解目标节点的位置坐标;为了进一步提高定位精度,利用改进的泰勒级数优化算法(TSA)对VBKF-CPA方法的定位结果进行优化处理。以移动机器人为实验平台,利用UWB系统在室内开展了动静态模拟实验,验证所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明,VBKF-CPA-TSA算法能提升目标节点的定位精度,获得较稳定的定位结果,x轴、y轴、z轴的平均误差由0.085、0.071、0.064 m减小为0.034、0.032、0.028 m,平均估计精度分别提高了60%、54.9%、56.3%;VBKF-CPA-TSA算法的动态定位轨迹更逼近真实轨迹,表明所提定位算法能提高设施内UWB系统的定位精度,该方法为设施内GPS拒止环境中移动农业设备的定位提供新方法。     

基于激光测距的机载光电成像系统目标定位

针对小型机载光电平台无法准确获取视轴指向问题,设计了一种基于激光测距的目标定位算法。利用机载光电侦察平台锁定跟踪目标的特性,对同一目标多次测量,采用激光测距装置获取目标与载机间的距离信息。根据WGS-84定义的地球椭球模型建立系统的测量方程。考虑到测量方程的非线性,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波对目标位置进行估计。该定位方法精度只受到GPS接收机定位精度和激光测距机测量精度的影响,目标定位误差与机载光电侦察设备视轴指向测量无关。采用蒙特卡洛法仿真分析载机位置测量误差及激光测距系统位置误差对目标定位的影响,结果显示该算法定位精度较高。采用飞行试验数据验证了该目标定位算法的有效性,在飞行高度8 000 m时,目标定位精度优于8 m。相比于传统定位算法,该方法可将定位精度明显提高。同时此定位方法易于部署,可操作性强,具有较大的应用价值。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.