Laser phosphoroscope and applications to room-temperature phosphorescence

A simple phosphoroscope with no moving parts is described. In one scan the total luminescence, the long-lived phosphorescence, and the short-lived fluorescence can be determined. A 50% duty cycle excitation from a diode laser is used to excite the sample, and from the digitized waveform the phosphorescence is extracted from the off period, the total emission from the full cycle, and the fluorescence from the on period corrected for the phosphorescence contribution. The performance of the system is demonstrated using room-temperature phosphorescence of organic dyes in boric acid glasses, a multi-emissive boron-polymer dye, and a europium chelate.     

Development of a room-temperature phosphorescence fiber-optic sensor

The design of a new fiber-optic sensor based on solid-surface room-temperature phosphorimetry is presented for the analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. Analytical figures of merit are given for several compounds of environmental importance. Limits of detection at the nanograms per milliliter level were estimated for pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, 1,2:3,4-dibenzanthracene, coronene, and 2,3-benzofluorene. The linearity of response of the phosphorescence sensor was evaluated, showing a fairly linear behavior for quantitative analysis. Finally, the feasibility of monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous media was illustrated by identifying pyrene in a contaminated groundwater sample.     

Exploring Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots for the room-temperature phosphorescence detection of enoxacin in biological fluids

While most research works focus on the development of quantum dots (QDs)-based fluorescence sensors, much less attention is paid to the phosphorescence properties of QDs and their potential for phosphorescence detection. In this work, the phosphorescence property of Mn-doped ZnS QDs is explored to develop a novel room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) method for the facile, rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and selective detection of enoxacin in biological fluids. The Mn-doped ZnS QDs-based RTP method reported here does not need the use of deoxidants and other inducers and allows the detection of enoxacin in biological fluids without interference from autofluorescence and the scattering light of the matrix. The Mn-doped ZnS QDs offer excellent selectivity for detecting enoxacin in the presence of the main relevant metal ions in biological fluids, biomolecules, and other kinds of antibiotics. Quenching of the phosphorescence emission due to the addition of enoxacin at 1.0 microM is unaffected by 5000-fold excesses of Na (+) and 10000-fold excesses of K (+), Mg (2+), and Ca (2+). Amino acids such as tryptophan, histidine, and l-cysteine at 1000-fold concentration of enoxacin do not affect the detection of enoxacin. Glucose does not affect the detection at 10000-fold concentration of enoxacin. Typical coadministers (mainly other types of antibiotics) such as ceftezole, cefoperazone, oxacillin, and kalii dehydrographolidi succinas are permitted at 50-, 10-, 100-, and 50-fold excesses, respectively, without interference with the detection of enoxacin. The precision for 11 replicate detections of 0.4 microM enoxacin is 1.8% (RSD). The detection limit for enoxacin is 58.6 nM. The recovery of spiked enoxacin in human urine and serum samples ranges from 94 to 104%. The developed Mn-doped ZnS QDs-based RTP method is employed to monitor the time-dependent concentration of enoxacin in urine from a healthy volunteer after the oral medication of enoxacin. The investigation provides evidence that doped QDs are promising for RTP detection in further applications.     

Molecularly imprinted polymers based on iodinated monomers for selective room-temperature phosphorescence optosensing of fluoranthene in water

Aiming at enhancing the advantages of traditional molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for chemical sensing, a new MIP design approach introducing an internal heavy atom in their polymeric structure is described. Based on the heavy-atom effect, the novel polymer allows one to perform room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) transduction of the analyte. The synergic combination of a tailor-made MIP recognition with a selective RTP detection is a novel concept for optosensing devices which is assessed here for simple and highly selective determination of trace amounts of fluoranthene in water. The noncovalent MIP was synthesized using the laboratory-synthesized tetraiodobisphenol A as one of the polymeric precursors and fluoranthene as template. In the presence of an oxygen scavenger, the iodide included in the polymeric structure induced efficient RTP emission from the analyte, once recognized by the MIP. The developed optosensing system has demonstrated a high specificity for fluoranthene against other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Detection limit for the target molecule was 35 ng/L (5-mL sample injections), and the linear range extended above 100 microg/L of the analyte. The polymer can be easily regenerated for subsequent sample injections (at least up to 450 cycles) with acetonitrile. The synthesized sensing material showed good stability for at least 6 months after preparation. The feasibility of monitoring fluoranthene in real samples was successfully evaluated through the analysis of five spiked river water samples.     

H2O2 sensor based on the room-temperature phosphorescence of Nano TiO2/SiO2 composite

A TiO2/SiO2 composite prepared by the sol-gel route can produce highly emissive broadband room-temperature phosphorescence at an excitation wavelength of 403 nm. The white phosphorescence of TiO2/SiO2 could be quenched by H2O2. The phosphorescence quenching effect demonstrated excellent sensitivity and high selectivity to H2O2. Furthermore, the phosphorescence of TiO2/SiO2 can be recovered when it is dipped in a hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution. Therefore, the TiO2/SiO2 was used to develop a reproducible phosphorescence sensor for H2O2. It has been successfully applied to the determination of H2O2 in the enzymatic catalytic reaction and real samples.     

A study of the phosphorescence mechanism of polycrystalline diamond films

A study of the phosphorescence mechanisms in polycrystalline diamond films was carried out through their thermoluminescent (TL) vanishing glow response. The polycrystalline diamond films phosphoresced when kept at room or higher temperatures after being excited with a UV light source. The observed behaviour of shallow and deep traps during the phosphorescence process can be explained with a simple time-dependent model. The diamond film phosphorescence was induced by exciting with a UV light source of 4 W and 254 nm wavelength. The TL vanishing glow curves were integrated from room temperature to 350°C at a linear heating rate of 10°C s^-1 in a N₂ atmosphere. The optical response of the diamond films was studied by means of its luminescence spectra, showing a broad emission band centered around 500 nm.     

高层隔震结构减震机理探讨

从时域和频域两个角度分别研究了高层隔震结构的减震机理。采用ETABS软件建立了高层框剪隔震建筑模型和多层框架隔震建筑模型,输入单向地震波,后提取隔震层的加速度时程,将其视为地震动,输入原抗震结构中。文中对比了两者隔震前后的加速度反应谱,发现无论是高层隔震结构还是多层隔震结构都存在多振型减震的作用,但在高层结构中,高阶振型反应谱加速度的减少量相对于第一阶振型反应谱加速度的减少量要大很多,而在多层结构中,高阶振型的减少量与第一阶振型差不多,使得多振型减震在高层结构当中的效应要远大于多层结构;对比两者隔震前后基底最大剪力的减震率,发现对于高层隔震结构,叠加上高阶振型后,基底最大剪力的减震率有较大的提高,而对于多层隔震结构,减震率变化不大。从以上两个方面可以说明,多层隔震结构的高阶振型减震效应很小,且以第一振型减震为主,而高层隔震结构存在较大的高阶振型减震的效应,从而产生了其多振型减震的效应     

液固混合介质的隔振性能分析

液固混合介质以一种全新的工作机理形成优良的隔振系统动力学特性.此介质由一类几乎不可压缩液体和许多可压缩的固体单元混合而成;当振动、冲击发生时,液体将动压力瞬间传递到所有单元体上,使它们同时参与变形,可有效隔离振动,冲击能量也可被大幅度吸收、损耗;若设计得当,这类隔振器可同时具有卓越的隔振、缓冲性能.为研究其隔振机理与隔振性能,以空心橡胶球作为固体单元体,分析了该单元体在有限变形情况下的变形规律以及隔振器的非线性刚度特性,建立了系统的非线性动力学方程;采用精细时程积分方法,计算了主共振的时域响应.并和试验结果进行了对比,两者有较好的一致性;还用此数值方法研究了系统主共振时的稳定性.在一定条件下.液固混合介质隔振系统主共振响应存在多解和跳跃现象;最后分析了液固混合介质隔振器的隔振性能,发现了一些有趣的新现象.     

Simultaneous determination of the pesticides carbaryl and thiabendazole in environmental samples by a three-dimensional derivative variable-angle and a synchronous room-temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy

A three-dimensional derivative variable-angle synchronous scanning (DVASS) and a synchronous scanning (SS) heavy-atom room-temperature phosphorimetry (HAI-RTP) method are reported, for the first time, to identify and quantify the spectral overlapping phosphorescent pesticides thiabendazole (TBZ) and carbaryl (CBL). These pesticides are widely used in agriculture. The phosphorescence emission of the two compounds was obtained using sodium sulfite as the O2 scavenger and an external heavy atom salt. A careful selection of these experimental variables has been carried out. The increase of selectivity afforded by the DVASS and the SS methodology permitted the demonstration of its applicability to the simultaneous determination of phosphorescent signals of these two pesticides with overlapping spectral profiles. Limits of detection ranged between 1.4 ng/mL for TBZ and 1.7 ng/mL for CBL. The proposed method has been satisfactorily applied to the analysis of both pesticides in different types of water samples.     

Screening of oil samples on the basis of excitation-emission room-temperature phosphorescence data and multiway chemometric techniques. Introducing the second-order advantage in a classification study

Room-temperature phosphorescence excitation-emission matrices and multiway methods have been analyzed as potential tools for screening oil samples, based on full matrix information for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Crude oils obtained from different sources of similar geographic origin, as well as light and heavy lubricating oils, were analyzed. The room-temperature phosphorescence matrix signals were processed by applying multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks, parallel factor analysis coupled to linear discriminant analysis, discriminant unfolded partial least-squares, and discriminant multidimensional partial least-squares (DN-PLS). The ability of the latter algorithm to classify the investigated oils into four categories is demonstrated. In addition, the combination of DN-PLS with residual bilinearization allows for a proper classification of oils containing unsuspected compounds not present in the training sample set. This second-order advantage concept is applied to a classification study for the first time. The employed approach is fast, avoids the use of laborious chromatographic analysis, and is relevant for oil characterization, identification, and determination of accidental spill sources.     

Nonexponential current relaxation on a solid surface

Experimental data on the relaxation of currents due to ion emission, charge leak from a dielectric surface, and polarization of electrodes in various electrolytes are reported. It is shown that the same nonexponential law of the current relaxation, I(t) ～ exp(\( - \alpha \sqrt t \)) is applicable in all these cases. A common mechanism of these phenomena is discussed.     

Nonlinear surface waves on an elastic solid

The effect of quadratic elastic nonlinearity on the propagation of surface Rayleigh waves on an isotropic elastic solid is examined. Using the method of multiple scales an approximate solution is obtained which is uniformly valid in both spatial directions as well as in time. An arbitrary wave profile is considered and an integro-differential equation is derived for the Fourier transform of the displacement on the boundary. In the case of a quasi-monochromatic wave explicit expressions are derived for the variations of the amplitudes of the fundamental and second and third harmonics along the boundary.     

Model for the deposition of a liquid film onto a solid surface

We consider the deposition of a film onto a thin tape drawn from a liquid bath. We obtain the dependence of the thickness of the film of liquid on the physical and regime parameters.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 26–31, July, 1987.     

面向铁氧体裂纹检测的感应加热电源研制

针对常规感应加热电源对铁氧体加热时存在加热均匀性差和负载回路谐振频率漂移的问题,提出了一种全桥逆变拓扑结构的串联谐振式数字感应加热电源.基于负载串联谐振回路换流时电压和电流的相位差特性,通过PSPICE软件分析了阻性、感性和容性三种换流状态,仿真结果表明,串联谐振回路工作于弱感性状态,可以保证电路安全可靠运行;基于电磁耦合原理,对比分析了原边补偿和副边补偿两类负载匹配变压器,通过匹配负载等效电阻实现电源系统最大能效输出;采用Fuzzy-PI频率跟踪技术实现负载谐振频率实时跟踪.最后,将研制的数字感应加热电源成功地应用于铁氧体裂纹检测实验.     

Physical mechanism of the wetting of solid surfaces

This article examines physical principles in the theory of wetting. Wetting angles are calculated by using isotherms of the disjoining pressure of wetting liquid films on solid substrates.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 795–802, November, 1987.