基于双D光纤传感器的陶瓷泥浆浓度仪的设计

为了克服陶瓷泥浆浓度落后的检测技术和低效率,研制了一种新型的检测仪器.依据Mie散射理论,在入射波长、入射光强、探测距离、粒径尺寸参量、折射率,后向散射角已知时,后向散射光强就与粒子数浓度成正比.在实验中,把光信号通过双D型光纤传感器中的一支光纤射入陶瓷泥浆,另一支光纤接收陶瓷泥浆颗粒对光信号的后向散射光线.分别检测浓度为40%-60%的陶瓷泥浆样本,记录、分析这组电压值和陶瓷泥浆浓度的关系后知道:在陶土含量为40%-60%之间的数据曲线是线性的.利用这一个结果,研制了陶瓷泥浆浓度检测仪,并详细说明陶瓷泥浆浓度检测仪的结构及特点.     

强度调制光纤加速度传感器

设计了一种透射式强度调制光纤加速度传感器 ,利用入射光纤直接作悬臂梁和敏感质量块 ,采用双接收光纤 ,经过加、减及比值运算 ,使光源扰动及微弯损耗干扰的影响得到有效地补偿 ,给出了模拟计算和初步实验结果     

中药制剂的光纤液滴指纹图分析

光纤液滴指纹图是以利用光学方法检测液体特征参量为目的,并通过计算机分析在液滴下降过程中的光强变化曲线.在实验中利用光纤液滴传感器测试了多种中药制剂的不同体积分数的液体试样,分析光纤液滴指纹图与液体物理、化学特征参量的对应关系,并得到2种样品的线性方程,为中药制剂的在线监测与鉴别提供了一种新方法.     

Multi-wavelength optical fiber liquid refractometry based on intensity modulation

A novel approach of development of fiber optic sensor for measurement of refractive index of liquids is presented. This sensor uses two fibers, mirror as reflector and liquid as medium. The light is carried by the illuminating fiber up to modulation zone where the properties of incident light is modulated by modulator. The modulated light is carried by receiving fiber to the detector. The measurement principle is based on reflective intensity modulation. A novel sensing probe is designed with outer ring of fibers acting as illuminating fibers and center fiber acting as read fiber. Using this probe, effect of wavelength on refractive index is studied.     

光纤微弯传感器技术的发展与应用研究

光纤微弯传感器是一种强度调制型光纤传感器,通过光纤微弯曲导致传输光强度的损耗变化,来测量压力、温度、加速度、应变、流量、速度等环境参量;介绍了光纤微弯传感器的工作原理和特点,并详细论述了国内外光纤微弯传感器技术的发展与应用,最后,分析了光纤微弯传感器存在的局限性。     

光纤安防监测信号的特征提取与识别研究综述

光纤安防监测系统信号的特征提取与识别方法是当前的研究热点。光纤振动信号的随机性、非平稳性,以及各种信号的相似性,导致信号的识别容易产生误报现象。识别入侵事件类型的关键是信号的特征提取和高效的识别方法。对光纤振动信号的各种特征提取方法和识别方法进行分析和比较,把特征提取方法分为基于小波分解的特征提取法、基于其他分解模型的特征提取方法和基于波形统计参数的特征提取法;把对光纤振动信号的识别方法分为经验阈值识别方法、支持向量机识别方法和神经网络识别方法,最后对特征提取方法和识别方法进行总结和展望。     

Influence of whispering gallery modes on light focusing by dielectric circular cylinder

In this paper diffraction of a plane monochromatic TE-wave on an ideal homogeneous dielectric cylinder with several resonant wavelength scale radii is analyzed. Two subsequent near-surface maxima of intensity (two focuses) generated at the cylinder output were found on the optical axis. The first subwavelength focus is formed by one of the whispering gallery mode lobes. Its intensity is 50 times the incident light intensity and its full width at the half maximum of the intensity is equal to 0.155 of the incident wavelength. The second focus is two times less in intensity. Its focal spot known as a photonic nanojet is stretched toward the optical axis. The second focus is formed at a distance about the wavelength from the cylinder surface. Its width is equal to 0.44 of the wavelength and its length is two wavelengths. The abilities of light focusing by a two-layered cylinder and influence of materials absorption on the light focusing are also examined by numerical simulation.     

Studying fabrication errors of the diffraction grating on the end face of a silver-halide fiber

A technology for fabricating a diffractive microrelief on an end face of a polycrystalline IR fiber (PIR-fiber) is studied. We discuss how fabrication imperfections of a beam-splitter implemented on the fiber’s output end face could affect the specified intensity distribution of diffraction orders. Recommendations for improving the characteristics of the microrelief to manufacture are worked out.     

光子纳米喷流的性能及应用

光子纳米喷流是光照射直径与波长相当或略大于波长的无损电介质微颗粒时,会在微颗粒后表面一定距离处形成高强度、紧聚焦光束。光子纳米喷流具有大于照射光的强度、最小的半高宽值能够小于衍射极限的光束宽度、传播超出倏势场区域和较强的背向散射等优异特性,在光信号增强、微纳加工与制造、超分辨光学成像、超灵敏捕获和探测等领域具有重要应用。该文首先介绍了光子纳米喷流的源头和发现;其次,对光子纳米喷流的模型、理论、形貌特征、实验测量和主要特性进行了阐述;再次,调研和讨论了光子纳米喷流的几个重要应用;最后,对光子纳米喷流进行了总结和展望。     

Surface spacings from the secondary electron yield

Small inflections in plots of the total yield of secondary electrons versus primary electron energy were reported more than fifty years ago and attributed variously to thresholds for the excitation of core states, and to diffraction of the incident electrons. Although the existence of these inflections was discounted by later researchers, recent studies of the derivative of the yield leave no doubt as to their reality or their origin. The spectrum of core excitation thresholds provides information on the composition of the surface region. Near-threshold structure is related to the electronic state of the atoms. Extended fine structure above the threshold can be inverted to obtain interatomic spacings even from relatively disordered surfaces. The principal limitation in these measurements results from diffraction of the incident electron beam, which produces variations in electron reflectivity. The extreme simplicity of the equipment required makes this technique available to essentially every surface science laboratory.     

Modeling and experimental studies on retro-reflective fiber optic micro-displacement sensor with variable geometrical properties

Fiber optic displacement sensors (FODS) are studied and analyzed by using different configurations (Atsushi and Kohichi, 1996; Faria, 1998; Buchade and Shaligram, 2006) [1], [2] and [6]. Mathematical models developed for these configurations use analytical methods and techniques. It is observed that these models are useful for a specific geometrical arrangement of fibers and reflector and are not useful for any variation in configuration. Hence it is necessary to develop a mathematical model which is independent of configuration of the fiber optic sensors. This paper discusses development of such generalized model which is useful for studying and analyzing any configuration and scenario of fiber optic sensor. The model is expected to be useful in analyzing manufacturing tolerances as well as effects of the geometrical parameters on performance of the sensor.     

天空散射光偏振成像噪声建模与分析

仿生偏振导航是近年来兴起的一种新原理导航方式,对天空光进行成像可以获得更为丰富的天空散射光的偏振信息以及分布特征,有利于提高偏振导航传感器的精度和抗干扰能力.根据现有的Stokes参量测量偏振光的原理以及成像装置的噪声模型,对基于Stokes参量法的偏振角度测量噪声进行了建模,并根据模型进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明:提高相机的信噪比(SNR)能够显著提高偏振成像的质量,当相机的SNR大于44 dB时,天空偏振角度的测量标准差将优于1°/像素;得到了0°,60°,120°和0°,45°,90°检偏器分布模式下对不同偏振角度的入射光测量噪声的统计分布特征.尽管0°,60°,120°的检偏器布置方案相对于0°,45°,90°的检偏器布置方案有着更大的计算复杂度,但在使用相同信噪比相机的情况下,该布置方案的噪声更小.该结论将对天空偏振光成像装置的构建及其误差分析与补偿技术提供参考.     

Method for determining musculotendon parameters in subject-specific musculoskeletal models of children developed from MRI data

Accurate knowledge of muscle-tendon parameters in biomechanical models is critical for accurate simulation and analyses of human movement. An excellent example of this is the creation of subject-specific models from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When Hill-type muscle models are used to calculate muscle forces, the determination of muscle attachment points, optimal fiber length, tendon slack length and maximum isometric force all have a significant influence on the joint moment-angle behavior of the model. In the present study a method was developed for customizing the values of muscle-tendon parameters in a generic model to create subject-specific biomechanical models from MRI. The method was applied by generating musculoskeletal models for the biomechanical simulation platform OpenSim, but the workflow is equally well applicable to other simulation platforms. New computational algorithms are described for identifying joint centers and for reconstructing the centroids of the muscle bellies from MRI. A?process is also described for the extraction of the muscle paths and for identifying the positions of ??via-points?? used to model muscles wrapping over bones. Finally, a new algorithm is described for adjusting the values of optimal fiber length, tendon slack length and maximum isometric force based on a comparison of the model results with experiment. We tested our computational algorithms by developing subject-specific biomechanical models of five typically developed children (age 9.5±1.7?years) from MRI. The joint moment-angle relationships calculated for the subject-specific models were similar to those determined for corresponding scaled generic models. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is suitable for developing subject-specific models of healthy children. Future studies should investigate how abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system, such as tibial torsion and muscle spasticity, can be integrated into the modeling process.     

基于光纤多波长激光器的相位延迟高精密测量系统设计

针对当前相位延迟测量系统,缺少对入射光源的分析,导致不同波长光源对应平移量误差大,造成相位延迟测量精度低的问题,设计了基于光纤多波长激光器的相位延迟高精密测量系统;通过分析光纤散射原因,选取532 nm半导体激光作为系统光源,采用伺服电机为系统供电,使用SGX5528光电探测器实现光转换为电,从而获得不同位置间的电位差;利用聚乙烯醇薄膜拉伸型人造偏振片,使入射的纵光或横光具有起偏特性,并测量偏振片的透振方向和横轴夹角,完成系统硬件设计;设置两束激光光源,调整偏振棱镜,使光强输出达到最大值,并利用直接测量法,计算待测波片的相位延迟,通过调整电光调制器晶轴方位,保证光束垂直入射到器件表面,完成系统软件设计,实现相位延迟高精密测量;实验结果表明,该系统在L₀、L₁、L₂位置下的平移量误差分别为0.008 mm、0.007 1 mm、0.002 mm,均小于理想允许误差,能够有效提高相位延迟测量精度。     

光纤光栅传感技术的原理与应用

简要介绍了光纤光栅传感技术的基本原理:通过测量波长的漂移实现对被测量的检测;介绍了光纤光栅所具备的传统光纤传感器所没有的特点:自定标和易于在同一根光纤内集成多个传感器复用;以及光纤光栅在高精度测温领域、高分辨率应变测量领域、高分辨率液位测量领域三大方面的应用.     

尖晶石型结构的X射线衍射分析和计算

本文对尖晶石型材料结构参数进行研究,设计了一个通用的尖晶石型结构材料的X 射线粉末衍射结构修正程序。应用这个程序,从一张粉末衍射图可一次计算出尖晶石型结构材料的晶格常数,阳离子占位百分比,氧参量,温度因子等多种结构参数,并可推测出固溶复合尖晶石的各相成份和含量。     

Optical properties of surface micromachined mirrors with etch holes

We have investigated the optical properties of surface-micromachined polycrystalline silicon reflectors within the visible spectral range at five different wavelengths. The measurement results of the reflectivity of various microreflectors at four different incident angles (20°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) are presented. Optical properties of microreflectors realized using the multiuser MEMS process (MUMPS) have been investigated. Our studies have found that etch holes, widely used in the surface micromachining process to reduce the time for releasing structures by sacrificial undercutting, have a great influence on the optical properties of micromachined mirrors. Diffraction patterns created by two-dimensional etch-hole arrays on micromachined mirrors have been investigated. The diffraction by etch holes obeys the Fraunhofer diffraction theory when a collimated light source (e.g., a laser beam) is incident. We have shown that when the dimension of etch holes increases, an increasing portion of the incident power will be diffracted and transmitted due to etch holes, leading to decreasing reflectivity of surface micromachined mirrors     

The muscle fatigue fiber model

The aim of this study was to integrate the effect of muscle fatigue into the skeletal muscle fiber model, which was previously developed in our laboratory and was based on the modified Huxley equation with the calcium activation taken into account. The cellular mechanisms such as (i) the attachment of myosin heads to the actin binding sites, (ii) the actin filament activation, (iii) the sensitivity of myofilaments to calcium ions and (iv) the calcium handling; which influence the force generated by the muscle fiber and are affected during fatigue, became the base stone for the development of the muscle fatigue fiber model.     

Interfacing digitiezed Disa anemometer output to an Apple II computer

For measuring the velocities in a fluctuating fluid flow, the new Disa 56C00 multichannel constant-temperature anemometer system can be used with the 56N00 signal analysis equipment to provide a digital output of mean, root mean square or correlation values. A simple interface arrangement and appropriate software control for reading data directly into an Apple II computer are described. With these the subsequent calculation of derived parameters, such as displacement and momentum thickness of boundary layers and turbulence intensity, can be quickly and easily completed.     

Carbon fiber‐based deca‐port multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna with pattern diversity and high inter‐element isolation

In this article, a deca‐port carbon fiber‐based multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with pattern diversity is presented. The radiating elements of the proposed antenna consist of low cost, light weight, environmental friendly graphite material. The 10 radiating elements of the MIMO antenna are arranged in a group of two (termed as sub‐MIMO structure), in a cubical manner to cover all the propagating directions. Furthermore, the two carbon fiber‐based radiating elements of the sub‐MIMO structure are placed in an orthogonal arrangement to generate different radiation patterns. The antenna exhibits high inter‐element isolation and low envelope correlation coefficient due to orthogonal placement of the radiating elements. The antenna is fabricated and the measured results confirm that the proposed MIMO/diversity antenna may be useful for vehicle‐to‐network applications. The MIMO performance parameters such as diversity gain, total active reflection coefficient, mean effective gain, channel capacity loss are evaluated and found within suitable limits. The three‐dimensional pattern diversity helps to communicate in all directions.