磷对低碳钢耐大气腐蚀性能的影响研究

通过周浸加速腐蚀实验、扫描电镜 、拉曼光谱分析等方法,研究了磷含量对低碳钢耐大气腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,磷能明显提高材料的耐大气的腐蚀性能,这种作用在腐蚀初期尤为显著。其原因是：偏聚在材料表面上的磷原子在水和氧的作用下水解,生成一种致密性较高磷酸盐,并且能均匀覆盖在基体表面的空洞和裂纹处,阻碍了水和氧的通过,使基体免遭进一步的腐蚀。并且H2PO4-能够加速锈层中Fe2+向 Fe3+的转化、使腐蚀初期反应快速进行、阻止铁锈粒子长大,使腐蚀生成物颗粒细小、结构致密。促进了致密、稳定、均匀的保护膜形成。     

纯铜在碱性土壤中的腐蚀行为

采用室内加速腐蚀实验和电化学测试方法,结合腐蚀产物SEM和XRD分析,研究了纯铜接地材料在碱性土壤中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,在碱性土壤中纯铜具有明显的钝化特征,表面形成了一层由CuO、Cu₂O和CuSO₄·H₂O组成的均匀致密的腐蚀产物,腐蚀产物将腐蚀性离子与基体金属隔离,抑制氧的扩散,对基体金属起到良好的保护作用。     

纯Fe在含KCl蒸汽的O2气氛中的高温腐蚀行为

研究了纯Fe在含有KCl蒸汽的O2中于650℃～850℃的腐蚀行为，结果表明，纯Fe在试验条件下发生了加速腐蚀，并且随温度的提高和KCl蒸气浓度的增大，腐蚀速率均增高.微量的KCl蒸气起加速腐蚀作用，主要是通过与试样表面的氧化膜反应生成Cl2， 而Cl2能渗透到基体界面处与基体生成挥发性的Fe的氯化物实现的.  〖HT5”H〗中图分类号：〖HT5”SS〗〓〓 〖     

TC4钛合金真空脉冲渗氧腐蚀性能的研究

采用真空脉冲渗氧的方法在Ti6A14V钛合金表面制备渗氧层,通过失重法、电化学测试及扫描电镜分析对渗氧层腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,渗氧层表面形貌为均匀致密的凹坑结构,在50 mL/L HF+200 mL/L HNO3混合体系中进行加速腐蚀后膜层表面基本保持完好,其腐蚀速率是基体腐蚀速率的1/13,自腐蚀电位由基体的-0.763 V提高到-0.483 V,腐蚀电流降低两个数量级,真空脉冲渗氧能极大地改善钛合金的耐腐蚀性。     

耐候钢表面氧化皮的结构特征及其对大气腐蚀行为的影响

采用XRD、电化学测量和扫描电子显微术研究了耐候钢在400~700℃不同时间、不同氧流量条件下形成的氧化皮的结构及其对随后的大气腐蚀行为的影响,发现氧化皮的主要组成为Fe3O4和Fe2O3。氧化皮的电阻远高于裸钢表面的氧化膜,并使样品的自腐蚀电位显著上升。氧化皮分为内外两层,外层疏松,内层致密,氧化皮的保护性主要来自内层。致密的氧化皮形成于500~600℃。延长等温时间有利于提高氧化皮的致密度。限氧条件下进行氧化处理不利于氧化皮致密化。致密的氧化皮在腐蚀初期明显延缓了大气腐蚀进程,但在长期腐蚀过程中,反而使腐蚀进程有所加快。这些结果表明,致密的氧化皮在腐蚀过程中难以转化为腐蚀产物,保留于锈层中成为杂质和缺陷,促进了腐蚀。     

镍铝青铜化学镀镍磷合金和性能

以船用铜合金镍铝青铜为基体,采用酸性化学镀溶液体系制备镍磷合金镀层,对该镍磷镀层的界面结合情况及其强度、表面形貌、化学成分组成、硬度、耐海水腐蚀性能等进行了研究。结果显示,镀层为高磷非晶镀层,组织均匀致密,无孔隙等明显缺陷,界面结合强度高,同时硬度较高(646 HV),耐海水腐蚀性能明显优化。可见采用化学镀镍磷合金对镍铝青铜进行表面改性处理,可有效提高其综合性能,保护基体材料,延长其在海水中的服役寿命。     

含磷铸轧薄带钢的耐腐蚀性能研究

通过大气腐蚀实验室加速实验研究了含磷铸轧薄带钢的耐腐蚀性能,结果表明,在铸轧钢中添加0.1mass%的磷,薄带的耐腐蚀性能明显提高;磷含量继续提高,薄带边部磷含量较高,但对腐蚀性能影响不大;磷在薄带腐蚀初期会促进内锈层迅速形成,而后在内锈层外侧形成含磷保护层,抑制外锈层的形成和继续生长,锈层增重过程减缓;基体表面磷含量升高,内锈层内磷含量没有明显变化.     

Ni-P合金镀层在HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用化学镀在45#钢表而制备了低磷的Ni-P镀层并研究其组成、状态和在10%的HCl溶液中的全浸泡腐蚀行为.结果表明,低磷镀层表面均匀致密;镀层中磷含量为3.75%,呈晶态结构;与基体结合良好,结合力达95 N;腐蚀液温度为60℃时,低磷镀层的腐蚀率随着腐蚀时间的延长而增加;腐蚀2 h后镀层表而仍均匀致密,胞状组织明显...     

多主元合金CoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)耐硫酸盐高温腐蚀行为研究

多主元合金因具有良好的热稳定性有望用于制造超超临界锅炉过热器等耐热设备,燃煤气氛下使用时易发生硫酸盐腐蚀。本工作系统分析了表面喷涂碱金属硫酸盐的多主元合金Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5在750℃耐高温腐蚀特性。结果表明:合金Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5的腐蚀动力学曲线遵循抛物线递增规律;腐蚀过程中有挥发性产物Na4(Cr O4)(SO4)、硫化物以及多种氧化物生成;腐蚀初期,氧化膜均匀致密,与基体结合紧密;延长腐蚀时间,氧化膜厚度增加,由致密变得疏松多孔,基体与氧化膜界面产生微孔隙,内氧化和内硫化发生。分析认为,合金Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5在750℃耐硫酸盐高温腐蚀特性归因于:保护性氧化膜的形成以及由低熔点共晶体诱发的Cr2O3在熔融态Na2SO4中的碱性熔融。     

不同合金钢材料化学镀Ni-P合金

在不同合金钢材料表面成功制备了化学镀Ni-P合金层.形貌与结构分析表明,化学镀Ni-P合金层表面均匀、致密,结构为非晶形和一些微晶;热震试验表明镀层与基体的结合力良好;浓HNO3试验和3.5 mass%NaCl溶液浸泡试验表明镀层的腐蚀速率远低于基体材料,能对基体合金钢起到防护作用.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。