CPVC用作农用PVC软管粘合剂

简介了以正交设计为基础的PVC软管用CPVC粘合剂的制备     

氯化聚氯乙烯的发展概况

介绍了CPVC的 4种制备工艺 :在卤烃中进行的溶液或悬浮聚合、水相悬浮氯化、固相氯化及用液氯进行的光催化氯化。概述了CPVC的改性情况 ,主要是通过与其它聚合物的共混 (或合金化 )、用无机填料填充、复合以及接枝共聚等方法进行CPVC的改性 ,以提高CPVC的性能。分析了CPVC作为管材、涂料及粘合剂、绝缘及阻燃材料、人造纤维材料、改性剂、泡沫材料等的应用情况。指出了国内CPVC生产企业与国外同类企业之间存在的差距 :规模小 ,成本高 ,质量差 ,产品牌号少 ,推广应用不够 ,多采用溶液法生产 ,悬浮法和固相法生产CPVC量少等 ,这与国内的市场发展极不相配 ,应加大发展力度     

聚氯乙烯/氯化聚氯乙烯合金的性能研究

选择氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)为主体材料,研究了PVC/CPVC共混比、填料品种及用量等对PVC/CPVC合金体系力学性能的影响,同时利用扫描电镜对PVC/CPVC合金的微观结构进行了分析。结果表明,CPVC在加工过程中易发生脱HCl反应,PVC常用的铅盐稳定剂、有机锡类稳定剂均适于CPVC体系,且铅盐稳定剂的稳定效果要优于有机锡类稳定剂。当m(PVC)∶m(CPVC)从100∶0向70∶30变化时,随着CPVC含量的增多,PVC/CPVC二元合金体系的屈服强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、热变形温度(最大弯曲正应力分别为1.82 MPa和0.45 MPa)等均呈递增趋势,而冲击强度、断裂伸长率出现递减趋势。在填料用量为5份时,PVC/CPVC合金体系的力学性能以选用活性碳酸钙(CaCO3)为最佳。随着活性CaCO3用量的增加,PVC/CPVC合金的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率呈先上升后下降的趋势。活性CaCO3用量的变化对冲击强度几乎无影响。当活性CaCO3用量超过10份时,PVC/CPVC合金的热变形温度上升。     

CPVC/ABS/AS与CPVC/ABS共混体系性能研究

研究了丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)含量对氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)/ABS/丙烯腈苯乙烯共聚物（AS）及CPVC/ABS共混体系力学性能、耐热性能以及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,在CPVC/ABS/AS三元共混体系中,当ABS含量由零增加到30 %（质量分数,下同）时,共混体系的冲击强度由11.5 kJ/m2上升至39.1 kJ/m2;在CPVC/ABS二元共混体系中,当ABS含量由零增加到25 %时,共混体系的冲击强度由11.1 kJ/m2上升至52.6 kJ/m2,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和维卡软化点随着ABS含量的增加而下降;共混体系的阻燃性能与CPVC用量密切相关,在CPVC∶ABS（或ABS+AS）=6∶4时,共混体系的极限氧指数达到了31 %。     

PB橡胶粒径对CPVC/PVC/ABS共混体系结构与性能的影响

采用乳液聚合技术合成了一系列不同PB橡胶粒径的ABS核壳改性剂,将其与CPVC、PVC共混,考察了CPVC/PVC/ABS共混物的结构与性能。动态力学分析表明：CPVC与PVC比例为90/10时,CPVC/PVC共混物部分相容,CPVC/PVC/ABS共混物也是部分相容;扫描电子显微镜分析其形态结构表明：共混物中ABS分散受PB橡胶粒径影响,PB橡胶粒径为113 nm的ABS在CPVC中分散最均匀。力学性能测试表明：随着PB橡胶粒径的增加,共混物的冲击强度先增大后减小,拉伸强度并无明显变化。     

CPVC/ACS/CPE复合材料的制备和性能研究

采用机械共混法制备了CPVC/ACS/CPE复合材料,考察了ACS和CPE用量对材料力学性能、耐热性能、阻燃性能和抗老化性能的影响。结果表明:1随着ACS和CPE用量的增加,CPVC复合材料的冲击强度增加,拉伸强度、维卡软化温度下降,阻燃性能略有降低,但仍达到难燃级;2与相同用量的ABS相比,ACS可明显改善CPVC复合材料的阻燃性能与抗老化性能。     

CPVC/PMMA共混体系的性能研究

制备了氯化聚氯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(CPVC/PMMA)共混材料,研究了PMMA的引入对CPVC/PMMA共混体系的力学性能、耐热性能、表面光泽度、加工流动性和微观结构的影响。结果表明:适量PMMA的引人,使CPVC/PMMA共混体系的缺口冲击强度和光泽度较纯CPVC显著提高,耐热性能亦有所改善,而拉伸强度下降不明显;塑炼过程中,CPVC/PMMA共混体系熔体的平衡扭矩降低,凝胶化时间减少。当PMMA含量为15 phr时,CPVC/PMMA共混体系具有最佳综合性能,此时该共混体系的缺口冲击强度为5.4 kJ/m2,拉伸强度为53.5 MPa,表面光泽度为82.3%,热变形温度为102.4℃,平衡扭矩为20.1 N·m。     

PVC/CPVC合金的性能研究

研究了PVC/CPVC合金的流变性能、力学性能、微观结构和热稳定性,实验表明:随着CPVC含量的增多,PVC/CPVC二元合金体系的最大强度、断裂强度、100%定伸强度、定荷伸长、热变形温度等均呈递增趋势;但断裂伸长率下降幅度较大。试样断面的SEM照片能较好地解释冲击性能的测试结果,也证明了材料的微观结构对材料的力学性能有着内在影响。在热稳定性实验研究中,DSC和热重法(TG)研究的结果显示CPVC有助于提高PVC的热稳定性。     

PVC/CPVC复合材料的力学和耐热性能研究

研究了PVC/CPVC共混体系的力学和耐热性能,考察了CPVC、冲击改性剂、填料MCA对共混材料性能的影响。结果表明：①在PVC/CPVC共混体系中,随着CPVC含量的增加,材料的刚性和耐热性提高,韧性下降;②冲击改性剂CPE和MBS的加入将导致共混材料的韧性提高,耐热性下降;③与加入CPE相比,加入MBS对体系维卡软化温度的降低影响较小;④填料MCA对共混材料的韧性影响不明显,同时可以提高共混体系的耐热性。     

MBS对CPVC凝胶化的影响及CPVC/MBS共混物性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪和HAAKE流变仪研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)对氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）凝胶化性能及流变性能的影响,并对CPVC/MBS共混物的力学性能、耐热性能、微观形貌进行了系统研究。结果表明,MBS能改善CPVC的加工性能。随着MBS含量的增加,共混物的凝胶化度得到极大的提高,塑化时间明显缩短,平衡扭矩不断上升,平衡温度大幅上升。MBS用量为6份时,CPVC/MBS共混物的综合性能最佳。     

CPVC对CR/MMA体系接枝的相态结构分析

用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)观察了CR MMA和CR CPVC MMA接枝共聚物的微观结构 ,并从物质相容理论观点讨论了胶粘剂的性能与结构之间的关系 ,结果发现 ,被高氯含量的CPVC改性后的胶粘剂具有较均匀的相分布 ,与PVC人造革的相容性也较好 ,这是CR -CPVC -MMA接枝共聚物对PVC人造革有较好粘合强度主要原因     

The toughness and morphology of (chlorinated poly[vinyl chloride])/(methyl methacrylate‐butadiene‐styrene) blends

A series of methyl methacrylate‐butadiene‐styrene (MBS) graft copolymers were synthesized via seeded emulsion polymerization techniques by grafting styrene and methyl methacrylate on poly(butadiene‐co‐styrene) (SBR) particles. The chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC)/MBS blends were obtained by melting MBS graft copolymers with CPVC resin, and the effect of the core/shell ratio of MBS graft copolymer and SBR content of CPVC/MBS blends on the mechanical properties and morphology of CPVC/MBS blends was studied. The results showed that, with the increase in the core/shell ratio, the impact strength of the blend increased and then decreased. It was found that, when the core/shell ratio was 50/50, the impact strength was about 155 J/m, and the tensile strength evidently increased. The toughness of the CPVC/MBS blend was closely related to the SBR content of the blend, and with the increasing of SBR content of blend, the impact strength of the blend increased. The morphology of CPVC/MBS blends was observed via scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the toughness of CPVC/MBS blend was consistence with the dispersion of MBS graft copolymers in the CPVC matrix. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:501–505, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

苯乙烯氯化原位接枝改性氯化聚氯乙烯的研究

采用氯化原位接枝技术在聚氯乙烯（PVC）进行氯化反应的同时接枝上各种不同单体．从而制备改性的氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）。研究了PVC固相法氯化原位接枝St的规律，讨论了单体苯乙烯（St）加入量、氯含量对产物物理力学性能及流变性能的影响。结果表明：St的加入量为10份时，改性CPVC的屈服强度明显高于空白CPVC的屈服强度，但维卡软化点降低；改性CPVC的屈服强度和维卡软化点均随氟含量增加而增大；St的加入量适当，可以同时提高改性CPVC的屈服强度和冲击性能，降低熔体粘度。     

CPVC/ABS/CPE三元共混体系的组成与性能关系研究

研究了氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)和氯化聚乙烯(CPE)三元共混体系的组成与性能之间的关系。结果表明,ABS树脂可以有效降低CPVC/ABS/CPE三元共混体系的平衡扭矩,缩短三元共混体系的塑化时间,改善其流动性;当CPE含量固定、共混体系中CPVC与ABS的质量比为7:3时,共混体系的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度达到最佳,共混体系具有较好的综合力学性能;随着CPE含量的增加,三元共混体系的缺口冲击强度显著提高,CPE对三元共混体系具有优良的增韧作用,用量以15份为宜。     

Physico‐mechanical properties of NBR/CPVC blend vulcanizates and foams

Foams were prepared from acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR)/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) blend compounds using a chemical blowing agent during compression molding. The effect of varying NBR/CPVC blend ratio and the time on the foams were investigated. The curing parameters showed that both the maximum torque and the difference between the maximum and minimum torque decreased with increase of CPVC content. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the blend vulcanizate increased with increase of CPVC content, reached up to 30% for the NBR/CPVC blend with blend ratio 50/50. The SEM micrographs of the NBR/CPVC blend indicate semi‐compatibility between the blend phases. The NBR/CPVC foams prepared using a chemical blowing agent, showed closed cell structures, which were uniformly distributed across the blend phases. The average cell sizes increased and foam density decreased with increase of CPVC content. Tensile strength and tear strength of both vulcanizates and foams increased with increase CPVC content. Hardness of the foams increased but resilience of the foams decreased with increase of CPVC content. Density, tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of the foams increased but resilience decreased when the compression molding time of the foam was increased. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:182–188, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Study of compatibility,morphology structure and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends

Compatibility, morphology structure, and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS (Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends were studied. The core‐shell ratios of ABS were set at 40/60 and 70/30. The interface interactions between ABS and CPVC were changed by modifying the acrylonitrile (AN) content of the shell. The compatibility of CPVC with the shell of ABS was studied by the blends of CPVC/SAN with different AN content in SAN. Dynamic mechanical analysis results of CPVC/SAN were in accordance with the morphological properties of CPVC/ABS. The mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends in which the polybutadiene content was set to 15 wt % were studied. Results showed, with the change of AN content, the impact strength followed different way for CPVC/ABS blends with different core‐shell ratios of ABS because of the influence of the compatibility. When the core‐shell ratio was 40/60, the CPVC/ABS blends were much ductile in more widely AN range than the blends, whereas the core‐shell ratio of ABS was 70/30. The differences also showed in the SEM micrographs by the investigation of toughening mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Studies of polyester/chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) blends

Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) was solution blended with poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(hexamethylene sebacate) (PHMS), poly(α-methyl-α-n-propyl-β-propiolactone) (PMPPL), poly(valerolactone) (PVL), poly(ethylene adipate), poly(ethylene succinate) and poly(β-propiolactone). From calorimetric glass transition temperature (T_g) measurements, it is concluded that CPVC is miscible with polyesters having a CH₂/COO ratio larger than three (PCL, PHMS, PMPPL and PVL). The Gordon-Taylor k parameter was also calculated and found equal to 1.0 and 0.56 for PCL/CPVC and PHMS/CPVC blends, respectively. From these values, it is concluded that CPVC gives a stronger interaction with polyesters than poly(vinyl chloride) due to its larger chlorine content.     

烯丙基氯含量及其对氯化聚氯乙烯热稳定性能的影响

选取了3种具有相近相对分子质量及其分布的氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）树脂,通过固态核磁（13C-NMR）对CPVC树脂的序列结构进行了表征,并对CPVC树脂中烯丙基氯的生成机理进行了分析,在此基础上建立了计算烯丙基氯含量的方法。运用Brabender流变仪研究了3种CPVC树脂的热稳定性。结果表明,相对分子质量及其分布相近的3种CPVC树脂,随着烯丙基氯含量的降低,树脂的热稳定性能越来越好。