Flame Synthesis of Coiled Carbon Nanotubes

A flame synthesis technique of coiled carbon nanotubes using acetylene jet flames and iron catalyst is presented. It was found that acetylene flames generate single wall coiled nanotubes within in a narrow pyrolysis zone above the burner for a limited range of fuel flow rates. The corresponding local convective time scale corresponding to the coiled nanotube formation zone is around 0.04 ms. The yield of the coiled carbon nanotubes was further increased by changing the local convective time scale with the addition of controlled turbulence.     

堇青石载镍催化剂对燃烧合成碳纳米管的影响

借助于硝酸镍溶液, 利用浸渍法在堇青石表面均匀负载镍催化剂颗粒, 在甲烷扩散火焰中活化并催化生成碳纳米 管. 实验结果表明, 生成的多壁碳纳米管直径为30～50nm, 长度约为十几微米, 空腔比较小, 管壁石墨结晶结构良好.提高浸渍液浓度, 催化剂颗粒尺寸明显变大, 但对碳纳米管的形态影响比较小. 延长浸渍时间, 可使催化剂颗粒密度提高, 碳纳米管出现成束生长现象. 结合碳管成核生长过程和火焰燃烧的特点, 探讨了催化剂对于碳纳米管生长的影响机制.     

乙醇火焰燃烧制备螺旋碳纳米纤维及结构分析

采用乙醇火焰燃烧, 借助于基板材料上涂敷锡盐作为催化剂前驱体, 制备了螺旋结构碳纳米纤维; 借助于扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、XRD和拉曼光谱等分析了螺旋碳纤维的形貌和结构. 螺旋碳纳米纤维螺旋直径约为100nm, 纤维直径约为50nm, 螺距约80nm. 螺旋碳纤维的石墨层方向基本垂直于轴向, 近似鱼骨型结构, 相邻碳层间距为0.34nm. 借助于高分辨电子显微镜分析了螺旋碳纳米纤维的形成机理, 认为碳原子沿催化剂SnO₂各晶面析出速度不同是形成螺旋碳纳米纤维的主要原因.     

多壁碳纳米管对聚丙烯韧性和阻燃的影响

通过添加表面活性剂和两步法的加工工艺,研究了未进行任何预处理的多壁碳纳米管对聚丙烯力学性能、阻燃性能和电性能的影响。结果显示,聚丙烯/多壁碳纳米管复合材料在具有一定抗静电能力的同时,其缺口冲击强度可达47.3 k J/m2,相对于纯的聚丙烯提高了414%。在聚丙烯溴系阻燃体系中,多壁碳纳米管比超导炭黑更适合作为导电填料,在燃烧时能抑制火焰和滴落物的产生,并能有效缩短续焰时间t1和t2,最终使复合材料具备抗静电性能,且达到V-0阻燃级别。     

Diffusion of Walls in Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Possibility of rigid and non-rigid diffusion of the walls in double-walled carbon nanotubes with armchair and zigzag walls is considered. Diffusion coefficients and mobilities are calculated using ab initio values of the barriers to relative motion of the walls. Operation modes for possible nanodevices based on relative motion of the walls are discussed.     

辅助气体对RF-PECVD制备碳纳米管薄膜形貌的影响

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,以Ni为催化剂,经600℃裂解C2H2在Si基底上制备出定向碳纳米管薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了刻蚀后Ni颗粒与沉积的碳纳米管薄膜的形貌。研究了辅助气体对等离子体预处理催化剂与碳纳米管生长的影响。结果表明:辅助气体(H2与N2)流量比对催化剂颗粒尺寸、分布以及碳纳米管生长有显著影响;合适的气体流量比有利于减少碳纳米管薄膜的杂质颗粒,促进其定向生长。预处理过程中气体流量比H2:N2=20:5时,预处理后催化剂Ni颗粒分布密度大、粒径小且分布范围窄,适合碳纳米管均匀着床;沉积生长碳纳米管薄膜时,H2:N2=20:15可得到纯度高、定向性好的碳纳米管。     

火焰CVD法合成纳米颗粒的燃烧过程数值模拟

文章应用CFD商业软件Fluent,对火焰气相沉积法合成TiO2纳米颗粒的湍流扩散燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,并对不同近壁面处理方式下的三种κ-ε湍流模型进行了比较。通过与实验数值比较,在非平衡壁面处理下的模拟效果较好。用Standard κ-ε湍流模型,对16种工况的丙烷／空气火焰CVD法合成纳米TiO2颗粒的燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明模拟的火焰长度与实验结果符合的较好,空气／丙烷比高于恰当比时火焰温度的模拟结果与实验结果符合的较好。     

Neurite Outgrowth on Nanocomposite Scaffolds Synthesized from PLGA and Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been suggested as suitable materials for biomedical applications, especially in the neural area. It is essential not only to investigate the biocompatibility of CNTs with the neural system but also to determine proper methods for applying CNTs to neuronal growth. This work represents the first application of CNTs by electrospun poly(D ,L ‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds for a neural system. We synthesized electrospun nanocomposites of PLGA and single‐walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by carboxylic acid groups (c‐SWNTs), and investigated neurite outgrowth from SH‐SY5Y cells on these nanocomposites as compared to that on fibrous PLGA alone. Cells on our PLGA/c‐SWNT nanocomposite showed significantly enhanced mitochondrial function and neurite outgrowth compared to cells on PLGA alone. We concluded that c‐SWNTs incorporated into fibrous PLGA scaffolds exerted a positive role on the health of neural cells.     

甲烷-空气火焰法合成纳米颗粒中火焰的数值模拟

基于甲烷-空气火焰法合成纳米颗粒的实验,建立了二维轴对称湍流火焰模型,在标准壁面函数和非平衡壁面函数的近壁面处理条件下采用RSM、Standard k-ε和RNG k-ε湍流模型对实验中的火焰进行数值模拟,给出了火焰温度场和火焰长度的数值计算结果。通过与实验结果对比,确定了用非平衡壁面函数下的RNG k-ε湍流模型进行火焰数值计算的合理性。用此模型对不同甲烷、空气流速下的火焰进行模拟,分析了影响温度场分布的主要因素,并与实验结果进行比较,两者相符,从而证明了该模型的有效性。     

Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst Using Polybenzimidazole‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes As Support Materials

Toward the next generation fuel cell systems, the development of a novel electrocatalyst for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is crucial to overcome the drawbacks of the present electrocatalyst. As a conductive supporting material for the catalyst, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising candidate, and many attempts have been carried out to introduce CNT, in place of carbon black. On the other hand, as a polymer electrolyte, polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) have been recognized as a powerful candidate due to the high proton conductivity above 100 °C under non‐humid conditions. In 2008, we found that these two materials have a strong physical interaction and form a stable hybrid material, in which the PBIs uniformly wrap the surfaces of the CNTs. Furthermore, PBIs serve as effective binding sites for the formation of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles to fabricate a ternary composite (CNT/PBIs/Pt). In this review article, we summarize the fundamental properties of the CNT/PBIs/Pt and discuss their potential as a new electrocatalyst for the PEFC in comparison with the conventional ones. Furthermore, potential applications of CNT/PBIs including use of the materials for oxygen reduction catalysts and reinforcement of PBI films are summarized.     

Selective Formation of Metal Nanoparticles on the Sidewalls of Carbon Nanotubes

Pt and Au nanoparticles spontaneously form on the sidewalls of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in a selective manner. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies reveal that metal ions are first absorbed on the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and then are reduced by ethanol. This mechanism is tentatively proposed and discussed.     

纳米碳管及其合成

阐述了纳米碳管的结构，包括纳米碳管石墨层堆垛形式，帽状结构以及表征纳米碳管结构的直径和螺旋性，并对纳米碳管的三种主要合成方法及其合成原理，影响因素进行了简单的分析。     

Hydrogen Storage Alloy and Carbon Nanotubes Mixed Catalyst in a Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell

In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were mixed with AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy (HSA), as catalyst for an anode in a direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC). As comparision, a series of traditional carbon materials, such as acetylene black, Vulcan XC-72R, and super activated carbon (SAC) were also employed. Electrochemical measurements showed that the electrocatalytic activity of HSA was improved greatly by CNTs. The current density of the DBFC employing the HSA/CNTs catalytic anode could reach 1550 mA·cm-2 (at -0.6 V vs the Hg/HgO electrode) and the maximum power density of 65 mW·cm-2 for this cell could be achieved at room temperature. Furthermore, the life time test lasting for 60 h showed that the cell displayed a good stability.