CHEMICAL SENSITIZATION OF TABULAR－GRAIN EMUL－SIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF SENSITIZING DYE

ＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＳＥＮＳＩＴＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＡＢＵＬＡＲ－ＧＲＡＩＮＥＭＵＬ－ＳＩＯＮＳＩＮＴＨＥＰＲＥＳＥＮＣＥＯＦＳＥＮＳＩＴＩＺＩＮＧＤＹＥ￥ＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＳＥＮＳＩＴＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＡＢＵＬＡＲ－ＧＲＡＩＮＥＭＵＬ－ＳＩＯＮＳＩＮＴ...     

THE PREPARATION OF HIGH－PURITY，ULTRAFINE AND MONODISPERSED TITANIUM DIOXIDE POWDER FROM TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE BY HYDROLYSIS OF TITANIUM ALKOXIDES

ＴＨＥＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＨＩＧＨ－ＰＵＲＩＴＹ，ＵＬＴＲＡＦＩＮＥＡＮＤＭＯＮＯＤＩＳＰＥＲＳＥＤＴＩＴＡＮＩＵＭＤＩＯＸＩＤＥＰＯＷＤＥＲＦＲＯＭＴＩＴＡＮＩＵＭＴＥＴＲＡＣＨＬＯＲＩＤＥＢＹＨＹＤＲＯＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＴＩＴＡＮＩＵＭＡＬＫＯ...     

第51届国际水会议（IWC）论文摘要

第５１届国际水会议（ＩＷＣ）论文摘要具有“Ｍ”通道结构开放式给水分离器使用的新型高速螺旋卷型ＭＦ—ＵＦ—ＲＯ组件的设计——ＢＵＲＮＥＴＴＭＳＣＨＮＥＩＤＥＲ，ＲＩＣＨＡＲＤＡ．ＲＩＤＤＬＥ，ＩＷＣ９０—３９根据膜系统中流体错流流动会使悬浮固体在膜表面...     

ENHANCEMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER FROM THE TERMINAL CHROMOPHORE OF POLYETHER TO EUROPIUM CATION（Ⅲ）VIA C

ＥＮＨＡＮＣＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＥＮＥＲＧＹＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＦＲＯＭＴＨＥＴＥＲＭＩＮＡＬＣＨＲＯＭＯＰＨＯＲＥＯＦＰＯＬＹＥＴＨＥＲＴＯＥＵＲＯＰＩＵＭＣＡＴＩＯＮ（Ⅲ）ＶＩＡＣＯＭＰＬＥＸＡＴＩＯＮＥＮＨＡＮＣＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＥＮＥＲＧＹＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲ...     

矿泉水中锗含量的快速测定：SAF,CTMAB,光度法

矿泉水中锗含量的快速测定──ＳＡＦ、ＣＴＭＡＢ、光度法张世红，吴立昌ＥＣＰＲＥＳＳＥＤＴＥＲＭＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＧＥＲＭＡＮＩＵＭＩＮＭＩＮＡＲＡＬＷＡＴＥＲ１前言据资料表明，锗的分析方法有重量法、容量法。溶剂萃取比色法、原子吸收光度法、荧光熄灭法等...     

Y－TYPE ZEOLITES AS MICRO－REACTORS FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL PREPARATION OF LARGE－RING COMPOUNDS

Ｙ－ＴＹＰＥＺＥＯＬＩＴＥＳＡＳＭＩＣＲＯ－ＲＥＡＣＴＯＲＳＦＯＲＰＨＯＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＡＲＧＥ－ＲＩＮＧＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＳ￥ＴＯＮＧＺｈｅｎｈｅ；（ＴＵＮＧＣｈｅｎｈｏ）；ＷＵＬｉｚｈｕ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｈｏ...     

APPLICATION AND FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH OF ROTATING STREAM TRAY

ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＦＵＮＤＡＭＥＮＴＡＬＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＯＦＲＯＴＡＴＩＮＧＳＴＲＥＡＭＴＲＡＹＴａｎＴｉａｎｅｎ；ＳｈｉＨｕｉｘｉａｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＪｉａｎｍｅｎｇ；ＳｈｉＸｉａｏｒｏｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎ...     

冷粘制鞋用表面处理剂的制备

为了提高难粘制鞋材料的可粘附性,采用ＣＲ—ＮＲ—ＭＭＡ共聚物、苯酚及配合溶剂对ＰＶＣ、ＰＵ、尼龙等鞋用材料进行表面预处理,使普通鞋用胶对难粘材料的粘接强度得到很大提高。     

R—SMA增容PA6／PP共混物的形态结构与流变行为

采用Ｒ－ＳＭＡ为增容剂制备ＰＡ６／ＰＰ共混物，讨论了Ｒ－ＳＭＡ对共混物形态结构和流变行为的影响。     

高效凝胶渗透色谱法研究醇酸树脂的分子量分布

高效凝胶渗透色谱法研究醇酸树脂的分子量分布张泉福（化工部常州涂料化工研究院）ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＭＷＤＯＦＴＨＥＡＬＫＹＤＲＥＳＩＮＳＢＹＨＩＧＨＰＥＲＦＯＲＭＡＮＣＥＧＥＬＰＥＲＭＥＡＴＩＯＮＣＨＲＯＭＡＴＯＧＲＡＰＨＹ￥ＺｈａｎｇＱｕａｎｆｕ　ｅ...     

R-SMA增容PA6/PP共混物的形态结构与流变行为

采用R-SMA为增容剂制备PA6/PP共混物,讨论了R-SMA对共混物形态结构和流变行为的影响。     

R—SMA共混合金的研究进展

无规苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚树脂(R-SMA)可作为塑料合金中提高耐热性、易加工性等性能的树脂组分,其本身又是塑料合金的相容剂,且具有成本低的优势。本文较详细地介绍了R-SMA与PVC、ABS、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)等通用及工程树脂的塑料合金的技术进展。     

R-SMA树脂的合成工艺

介绍了普通型和抗冲型两类苯乙烯—马来酸酐无规共聚物（R－SMA）的合成工艺。在对比溶液、本体—悬浮、本体三种聚合方法的优、缺点之后，详细叙述了本体法的特点，包括典型配方、工艺条件以及聚合流程，浅析了GPPS／HIPS装置转产R—SMA的可行性。     

Semicontinuous thermal bulk copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride: Experiments and reactor model

Thermal bulk copolymerization of styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MAH) has been carried out at 110–130°C and up to around 55 wt % conversion in a stirred tank reactor with an anchor impeller to prepare the random copolymer of St–MAH (R-SMA). A series of experiments in semicontinuous monomer adding process were done to investigate the effects of operating condition on monomer conversion, copolymer composition, and its uniformity. It has been shown that a random copolymer with constant composition can be obtained by semicontinuous copolymerization. A reactor model was developed to simulate the copolymerization processes. The numerical method in which the gel effect on the copolymerization is incorporated has exhibited excellent agreement between the model calculation and the experimental data. However, when using the assumption that (1) k₂₂ = 0; (2) k₂₁[M₁] ≫ k₁₂[M₂]; and (3) (R₁/2k_t)^1/2 is a constant, an analytical solution to the model was found to be available also. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1905–1912, 1998     

生物基1,6-己二醇的研究进展

传统的以石油化工产品为原料的石化基1,6-己二醇(1,6-HDO)的生产存在能耗高、反应产物分离困难、污染环境等缺点,以5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)为原料制备生物基1,6-HDO可以克服这些缺点。本文介绍了国内外制备生物基1,6-HDO的研究进展,总结并讨论了由5-HMF制备1,6-HDO的不同反应路径,并从反应物吸附、金属粒径、活性组分协同作用、载体等角度对比了不同催化剂体系及其催化机理,探讨了各种催化剂促进C=O加氢、呋喃环C=C加氢、呋喃环C—O氢解开环反应,抑制呋喃环、呋喃环侧链C—C氢解断裂反应的性能。与多步法相比,一步法制备1,6-HDO的反应步骤简单,但1,6-HDO的产率相对较低,因此开发高效的催化剂体系和反应工艺将是今后研究的重点。     

Aggregation pheromone system of adult gregarious desert locust schistocerca gregaria (forskal)

Six electrophysiologically active aromatic compounds, viz., anisole, benzaldehyde, veratrole, guaiacol, phenylacetonitrile, and phenol, were identified in the volatiles of older-adult male desert locust. Young adults and females of all age groups produced none or only trace quantities of these compounds. Comparison of the aggregation responses of young and older adults to the crude, older-adult, volatile extract and different synthetic blends of the six compounds showed that the aggregation pheromone system of the adult gregarious locust consists of phenylacetonitrile, guaiacol, phenol, and benzaldehyde. Like the crude volatile extract of older males, neither the synthetic blend of the six compounds nor the adult pheromone blend evoked any significant aggregation responses from nymphs. These results confirm our previous report of sexual differentiation in the production of adult aggregation pheromone in the desert locust and of the evidence of two distinct aggregation pheromone systems in the two stages of the insect.     

Emerging role of nanobiocatalysts in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass leading to sustainable bioethanol production

Catalytic conversion (hydrolysis) of carbohydrate polymers present in the lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is a key step in the production of bioethanol. Although, acid and enzymatic catalysts are conventionally used for the catalysis of various lignocellulosic biomass, recently application of immobilized enzymes (biocatalysts) have been considered as the most promising approach. Immobilization of different biocatalysts such as cellulase, β-glucosidase, cellobiose, xylanase, laccase, etc. on support materials including nanomaterials to form nanobiocatalyst increases catalytic efficacy and stability of enzymes. Moreover, immobilization of biocatalysts on magnetic nanoparticles (magnetic nanobiocatalysts) facilitates easy recovery and reuse of biocatalysts. Therefore, utilization of nanobiocatalysts for catalysis of lignocellulosic biomass is helpful for the development of cost-effective and ecofriendly approach. In this review, we have discussed various conventional methods of hydrolysis and their limitations. Special emphasis has been made on nanobiocatalysts used for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Moreover, the other most important aspects, like nanofiltration of biomass, conversion of lignocellulose to nanocellulose, and toxicological issues associated with application of nanomaterials are also discussed.     

Soil nutrient depletion by agricultural production in Southern Mali

The degree of soil mining by agricultural production in Southern Mali is assessed by calculating nutrient balances: differences between the amount of plant nutrients exported from the cultivated fields, and those added to the fields. Export processes include extraction by crops, losses due to leaching, to erosion, and to volatilization and denitrification. Inputs include applications of fertilizer and manure, restitution of crop residues, nitrogen fixation, atmospheric deposition of nutrients in rain and dust, and enrichment by weathering of soil minerals. Nutrient balances are calculated for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Both pessimistic and optimistic estimates are given.The resulting figures indicate, even when the most optimistic estimates are used, large deficits for nitrogen, potassium and magnesium. For the region as a whole, the calculated deficits are -25 kg N/ha,-20 kg K/ha, and -5 kg Mg/ha. Further, acidification is to be expected, in particular in areas where cotton is grown. The deficits are caused by traditional cereal crops, but also by cotton and especially by groundnut. The latter two crops are fertilized, but insufficiently. It is important to note, that the negative figures are not automatic recommendations for application of a specific amount of additional fertilizer. For phosphorus and calcium the balance of the region as a whole appears to be about in equilibrium, but locally large variations may occur.Erosion and denitrification are important causes of nutrient loss, accounting respectively for 17 and 22% of total nitrogen exports. Atmospheric deposition and weathering of minerals in the soil are still important nutrient inputs that contribute as much as nutrients as organic and mineral fertilizer combined. Nutrient depletion is very large in comparison to the amount of fertilizer applied. Drastic options, such as doubling the application of fertilizer or manure, or halving erosion losses, even if feasible, would still not be enough to make up for the calculated deficits.The annual value of withdrawn nutrients, if related to prices of fertilizers, varies between 10,000 and 15,000 FCFA/ha (40-60 US $/ha). Since the estimated average gross margin from farming in this area is 34,000 FCFA/ha (123 US $/ha), soil mining appears to provide an amount equal to 40% of farmers' total income from agricultural activities.     

Observation and measurement of the appearance of metallic materials. Part II. Micro appearance

Part I of this article dealt with the appearance of metallic materials observed at a distance of a few meters. This part deals with the appearance at reading distance. Metallic materials exhibit various appearance attributes, including glitter, glints, depth, coherence glitter, binocular luster, binocular glitter, and binocular mottle. Color disparity is proposed as a measure of binocular luster. Metallic materials resemble grainy photographs, so the method used in photography to quantify graininess by measuring blending distance is introduced. Objective measures of granularity are proposed as correlates of graininess. The term “subsurface” is applied to the apparent “surface” lying beneath the glossy surface. Methods of optical image analysis, such as point spread function, edge spread function, Wiener spectrum, modulation transfer function, and image correlation are proposed to characterize the appearance of metallic surfaces. Polarization and cylindrical presentation may aid measurements. Binocular attributes of appearance introduced here require analysis of the disparity between two points of view. New kinds of pigments may require new methods of measurement. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23: 362–373, 1998     

丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯研究进展

开发新型丙烯制备工艺对于满足人们日益增长的丙烯需求具有重要意义。由于商业化无氧脱氢技术存在热力学平衡限制、反应温度高、催化剂易积炭等不足,近年来,人们将研究重心转向了丙烷氧化脱氢技术。本文简述了丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯的发展现状,综述了近年来文献报道的丙烷氧化脱氢催化剂体系（V基、Cr基、Co基、Ni基、Mo基、Pt基、Ce基和非金属基催化剂）、机理研究和不同氧化剂选择,并对各自的优势和不足进行了简单分析。分析发现,虽然目前丙烷氧化脱氢催化剂的种类非常广泛,但产物丙烯的收率仍有待提高,机理研究也需要更加系统和深入。最后指出,系统研究丙烷氧化脱氢机理,并在此基础上开发先进催化剂,进一步提高丙烯的选择性和收率是未来丙烷氧化脱氢研究的重要方向。