甲苯液相催化氧化过程模拟与优化

Liquid-phase oxidation of toluene with air has become the main technology for producing benzoic acid in a reactor at present. Based on the kinetic model of the toluene oxidation process obtained from laboratory and mass balance of key component, a novel model is established to simulate the industrial toluene oxidation process, in which the effects of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol are considered and the kinetic parameters are revised by industrial data. The simulation results show that the error of benzoic acid yield is within 3.5%. Based on the simulation model, to maximize the benzoic acid yield, an optimization model is proposed to optimize the operating parameters, including toluene feed-in mass flux and temperature. The optimization result indicates that on the allowable operating conditions the maximum benzoic acid yield obtained with the reaction temperature at 167.2 C an the mass flux at 104.1 t·h^- 1 is greater than the current one, which can be used to guide industrial reactor s operation.     

分子蒸馏方法提纯十二烷二酸（英文）

A novel purification process is involved to obtain the high purity [N 99%(by mass)] dodecanedioic acid (DC12). It involves a re-crystal ization followed by molecular distil ation from the crude product. The objective of this study is to investigate general conditions, feed rate, distil ing temperature and vacuum, necessary for centrifugal distil-lation of DC12. Under the optimum conditions, distilling temperature 180 °C, pressure 30 Pa and feed flow rate 700 ml·h?1, the purity of DC12 in the residence reached 97.55%with a yield of 53.18%by the analysis of gas chromatography. Multiple-pass distillation made a considerable contribution by improving the purity to 99.22%. Additionally, the effect of pretreatment (re-crystallization) on distillation process was revealed through a series of comparative experiments.     

甲苯液相空气氧化过程中[Co2+]/[Co3+]的测定及其对反应的影响

Liquid phase oxidation of toluene is an environmental benign route for the production of benzoic acid. In a mm bubble column reactor, the commercial process of toluene liquid phase oxidation was conducted with Co(CH3COO)2&#8226;4H2O as catalyst. The Co2+ concentration [Co2+] was determined by extraction spectrophotometry and hereby the Co3+ concentration [Co3+] was obtained by mass balance. The results showed that [Co3+] reached the maximum at about 25-30 min. [Co3+] increased with increasing Co catalyst amount at total Co concentration <150 mg&#8226;L－1 of toluene. The conversion of toluene, yield and selectivity of benzoic acid increased with the increasing [Co3+/Co2+]max. A high [Co3+] and a high [Co3+]/[Co2+] ratio are beneficial to the reaction.     

Batch Extractive Distillation in a Column with a Middle Vessel

Batch extractive distillation was studied in a column with a middle vessel. The process was simulated by a constant holdup model and solved by two point implicit method. Acetone and methanol mixture was separated in such a setup using water as solvent. The simulation agrees well with experimental results. The experimental and simulation results show that the solvent at the bottom and the product at the top of the column can be withdrawn simultaneously for a long period of time. It needs more time for the solvent to reach high purity than that required for the more volatile component to reach high purity, so that the time to withdraw solvent from the bottom is delayed.     

带有中间储罐的塔用于间歇萃取精馏

Batch extractive distillation was studied in a column with a middle vessel. The process was simulated by a constant holdup model and solved by two point implicit method. Acetone and methanol mixture was separated in such a setup using water as solvent. The simulation agrees well with experimental results. The experimental and simulation results show that the solvent at the bottom and the product at the top of the column can be withdrawn simultaneously for a long period of time. It needs more time for the solvent to reach high purity than that required for the more volatile component to reach high purity, so that the time to withdraw solvent from the bottom is delayed.     

Concentration of mixed acid by electrodialysis for the intensification of absorption process in acrylic acid production

The absorption process in acrylic acid production was water-intensive. The concentration of acrylic acid before distillation process was low, which induced to large amount of wastewater and enormous energy consumption.In this work, a new method was proposed to concentrate the side stream of absorption column and thus increase the concentration in bottom product by electrodialysis. The influence of operating conditions on concentration rate and specific energy consumption were investigated by a laboratory-scale device. When the voltage drop was 1 V·cP~(-1)(1 cP=10~(-3) Pa·s), flow velocity was 3 cm·s~(-1) and the temperature was 35 °C, the concentration rates of acrylic acid and acetic acid could be 203.3% and 156.6% in the continual-ED process. Based on the experimental data, the absorption process combined with ED was simulated, in which the diluted solution from ED process was used as spray water and the concentrated solution was feed back to the absorption column. The results shown that the flow rate of spray water was decreased by 37.1%, and the acrylic acid concentration at the bottom of the tower was increased by 4.56%. The ions exchange membranes before and after use 1200 h were tested by membrane surface morphology(scanning electron microscope), membrane chemical groups(infrared spectra), ion exchange capacity, and membrane area resistance, which indicated the membrane were stable in the acid system. This method provides new method for energy conservation and emission reduction in the traditional chemical industry.     

加压微波辅助水解甘草酸粗品制备甘草次酸(英文)

A pressured microwave-assisted hydrolysis(PMAH) technique has been developed for hydrolyzing the crude glycyrrhizic acid(GA) extracted from licorice root to prepare glycyrrhetinic acid(GRA).In order to optimize the efficiency of PMAH,several experimental parameters were investigated,including liquid-solid ratio,hydrolysis time,sulfuric acid concentration and hydrolysis temperature.The optimized hydrolysis conditions were as follows:pressured microwave-assisted hydrolysis of crude GA for 21 min(taking 15 min to reach 150 oC,and holding it for 6 min) at 150 oC(at a radiation power of 450 W) in 3%-5% sulfuric acid solution with the liquid-solid(ml?g?1 crude GA) ratio of 25︰1.As a result of the considerable saving in time and higher product yields(up to 90%),PMAH was proved more effective than conventional methods.     

反置式间歇蒸馏塔的设计程序(Ⅰ)多组分理想物系

Inverted batch distillation column(stripper) is opposed to a conventional batch distillation column(rectifier). It has a storage vessel at the top and products leave the column at the bottom. The batch stripper is favourable to separate mixtures with a small amount of light components by removing the heavy components as bottom products. In this paper, we are presenting a shortcut procedure based on our earlier work for design and simulation of the inverted batch distillation column, which is equivalent to the Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland procedure for continuous distillation. Given a separation task, we propose to compute the minimum number of stages(Nbmin) and the minimum reboil ratio(Rbmin) required in a batch stripper,which are the stages and reboil ratio required in a hypothetical inverted batch distillation column operating in total reboil ratio or having an infinite number of stages,respectively. Then, it is shown that the performance of inverted batch columns with a finite number of stages and reboil ratios could be correlated in Gilliland coordinates with the minimum stages Nbmln and the minimum reboil ratio Rbmin.     

Hydrolysis of Olive Oil with Immobilized Lipase in a Tapered Column Reactor

Lipase was immobilized in ion exchange resin and then used in the hydrolysis of olive oil to produce fatty acids and glycerol. The time course of hydrolysis of olive oil was investigated in a stirred tank reactor using both of the free and immobilized lipases to find the yield of activity of immobilized enzyme. Continuous hydrolysis of olive oil was also carried out in a tapered column reactor and a cylindrical column reactor with a bottom ID of 10 mm at different upward flow rates. It can be known from experimental results that the degree of hydrolysis of olive oil in the tapered column reactor is moderately better than that in the cylindrical column reactor, the pressure drop in the tapered column reactor is much smaller than that in the cylindrical column reactor.     

乙酸与甲醇的催化酯化

Esterification of methyl alcohol with acetic acid catalysed by Amberlyst-15 (cation-exchange resin) was carried out in a batch reactor in the temperature ranging between 318-338 K, at atmospheric pressure. The reaction rate increased with increase in catalyst concentration and reaction temperature, but decreased with an increase in water concentration. Stirrer speed had virtually no effect on the rate under the experimental conditions. The rate data were correlated with a second-order kinetic model based on homogeneous reaction. The apparent activation energy was found to be 22.9kJmol-1 for the formation of methyl acetate. The methyl acetate production was carried out as batch and continuous in a packed bed reactive distillation column with high purity methyl acetate produced.     

闪蒸-减压精馏分离苯甲酸废料

为了尽量减小资源浪费及二次污染问题,对在甲苯氧化法生产苯酚过程中产生的大量苯甲酸废料,进行了闪蒸-减压精馏分离提纯处理。废料通过闪蒸,在210℃以下得到了富集苯甲酸馏分,在220—260℃之间得到了富集苯甲酸苄酯和芴酮馏分;之后对各馏分进行高真空减压精馏,得到了苯甲酸、苯甲酸苄酯和芴酮等产品,纯度分别可达95%,91%和92%。经熔融结晶精制后,苯甲酸纯度可达99.6%,苯甲酸苄酯和芴酮纯度均达95%以上。     

减压精馏分离苯甲酸釜残液的试验研究

依据相关文献确定了通过闪蒸法富集苯甲酸釜残液中的苯甲酸苄酯和芴酮馏分,其后减压间歇精馏分离富集馏分,实现了苯甲酸釜残液的回收利用.试验表明该方法是切实可行的,并获得了纯度为90%左右的苯甲酸苄酯产品和85%以上的芴酮产品;同时探讨了塔顶压强、塔顶和塔釜温度、回流比变化对产品纯度的影响,获得了试验条件下的最佳操作条件.为工业化提纯苯甲酸釜残液提供了有益信息.     

聚氨酯胶黏剂用苯酐聚酯多元醇的研制

以苯酐、二甘醇、新戊二醇为原料,合成了苯酐聚酯多元醇。简述了合成聚酯多元醇的工艺,对反应温度、醇酸物质的量比、真空度、出水速率和催化剂等对合成聚酯树脂的影响进行了探讨,结果表明,当控制反应温度在250℃左右,醇酸物质的量比为1.164,真空度>0.09MPa,出水速率为50mL/h,催化剂质量分数为0.04%时,合成的苯酐聚酯多元醇能够满足生产聚氨酯胶黏剂的应用要求。并对所做聚酯用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征。     

气相色谱法测定汽水中苯甲酸钠的含量

采用气相色谱法测定汽水中苯甲酸钠的含量。在酸性条件下,乙醚提取汽水中的苯甲酸,经HP-5毛细管柱分离后,用氢火焰离子化检测器检测苯甲酸含量。结果表明,进样口温度250℃、柱温200℃、检测器温度250℃时,苯甲酸质量浓度在0～251μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),线性方程为为A=25.014c-147.2,回收率为90.89%～99.68%。该方法快速、准确,适用于工业中测定苯甲酸的含量。     

槽外法苯甲酸催化甲苯电合成苯甲醛

以苯甲酸作相转移催化剂,Mn3+/Mn2+为媒介,甲苯为原料,采用槽外法电合成苯甲醛。利用正交实验研究了H2SO4浓度、反应温度和苯甲酸用量对苯甲醛生成速率和产率的影响。结果表明,当每升甲苯含8 g苯甲酸、水相H2SO4浓度为51.6%和反应温度85℃时,苯甲醛的收率大于93%。     

苯甲醛氧化制备苯甲酸的研究

以氧气为氧化剂,在六水合氯化钴催化剂作用下,催化氧化苯甲醛制备苯甲酸,分别考察了温度、溶剂量、催化剂量、乳化剂量对苯甲酸收率的影响.在苯甲醛:水:乳化剂:六水合氯化钴质量比为75:50:37.5:0.075,反应温度75～80℃,反应时间6 h,氯气流量0.3 L/min下反应,产率在85%以上,用水进行两次重结晶,得率为60%～65%.     

水滑石及其焙烧产物对水中苯甲酸根的吸附研究

为了脱除水中的苯甲酸根,以苯甲酸作为吸附质,研究了水滑石及其焙烧产物的吸附作用。考察了吸附剂的镁铝摩尔比、初始pH值、苯甲酸浓度、吸附剂添加量、吸附时间和温度对吸附效果的影响,并对比考察水滑石和焙烧水滑石对苯甲酸的吸附。结果表明,水滑石及其焙烧产物对苯甲酸的最优吸附条件均为酸性环境下,镁铝摩尔比3∶1,吸附质浓度220 mg/L,吸附剂的量0.06 g;水滑石吸附时间20 h,吸附温度为60℃时,对苯甲酸的去除效果最好;而焙烧水滑石在室温下吸附苯甲酸8 h达到最高去除率;在同样条件下,水滑石焙烧产物比水滑石对苯甲酸的吸附大得多。     

相转移催化氧化合成苯甲酸

研究了季铵盐CTAB催化高锰酸钾氧化氯化苄合成苯甲酸的反应。考察了CTAB用量、高锰酸钾用量、反应温度、反应时间对反应的影响。结果表明,合成苯甲酸的最优条件为:高锰酸钾与氯化苄的摩尔比为2∶1,CTAB的摩尔分数为氯化苄的8%,反应温度90℃,反应时间为3h,苯甲酸的产率可达89%。     

苯甲酸工艺的节能减排以及连续化工艺的开发

文章针对传统苯甲酸生产工艺中产生的乏汽开发了乏汽回收技术,将低热蒸汽有效用于中和、干燥工段的加热,实现了节能减排的目的。在间歇操作的基础上,开发了甲苯连续催化氧化工艺。当离心多孔气体分布器的转速为550 r/min时,苯甲酸的收率可达50%。混合液体经过连续精馏不仅可得到苯甲酸,而且还可得到附加值很高的苯甲醇、苯甲醛以及苯甲酸苄酯。     

GC/TOF-MS法分析安息香膏的挥发性成分

利用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱,对安息香膏的挥发性成分进行分析,并用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对含量。通过在两种不同极性色谱柱上的比较试验,确定了适合安息香膏分析的色谱柱条件。通过质谱库检索,辅以参考文献和英文版精油数据库(ESO2006版)比对,解析并确定了精油中的26种组分。极性柱上检出12个组分,主要成分包括苯甲酸苄酯(38.77%)、苯甲醇(37.24%)、苯甲酸(10.81%)、肉桂酸(7.42%)、肉桂酸苄酯(1.64%)、乙基香兰素(1.44%)。弱极性柱上检出25个组分,主要成分包括苯甲酸苄酯(21.83%)、乙基香兰素(19.93%)、肉桂酸(17.09%)、肉桂酸肉桂酯(13.16%)、肉桂酸苄酯(5.16%)、苯甲酸(2.73%)。两种不同极性色谱柱上检测并确认了11种共有组分。