Liquid phase separation of Cu-Cr alloys during the vacuum breakdown

The microstructures of the surfaces and cross sections of Cu-Cr contact alloys were analyzed after the vacuum breakdown was repeated for 100 times. The results reveal that the liquid phase separation was involved in the microstructure evolution of the alloys during the breakdown. The Cr-rich phase from the liquid separation featured the morphology of spherical- and sheeted-shaped particles. The sizes of the Cr spheres ranged from several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers, and were not strongly dependent on the compositions of the alloys. The large Cr-rich droplets could be elongated and swirled due to the liquid flow, resulting in the formation of the Cr phase with sheeted-shaped particles. The fractions of Cr sheets increased with the increasing of the Cr contents; however, their sizes decreased significantly, compared with those of their parent alloys.     

Effects of Ni addition on liquid phase separation and giant magnetoresistance of Cu-Co alloys

Effects of Ni addition on liquid phase separation and giant magnetoresistance of Cu-Co alloys@孙占波 @宋晓平 @胡柱东 @祝要民 @刘剑 @杨森 @李晓园~~Project ( 5 97710 2 3)supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina ;project ( 86 3-2 -3-7-19)supportedby‘Hi-Tech’ResearchandDevelopmentProgram ;ScienceandTechnologyProject ( 2 0 0 0K10 -G11)ofShaanxiProvinceScienceOrganization…     

Microstructure evolution of immiscible alloys during rapid cooling through miscibility gap

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅ ｐｈａｓｅｄｉａｇｒａｍｓｏｆｉｍｍｉｓｃｉｂｌｅａｌｌｏｙｓａｒｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅｏｆａｍｉｓｃｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｇａｐ—ａｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｗｏｌｉｑｕｉｄｐｈａｓｅｓｃｏ ｅ     

热轧淬火Cu-Cr系合金的性能和组织演变

利用在线热轧淬火工艺和随后的形变热处理工艺制备Cu-Cr系列合金带材,并采用硬度、电导率测试与光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜观察的方法,研究合金在制备加工过程中的性能和组织演变。结果表明:在线热轧淬火和后续的形变热处理工艺可成功地制备高硬度、高导电和抗软化性能优异的Cu-Cr系合金带材。具有有序FCC结构、与基体呈立方立方位向关系的Cr相从过饱和固溶体中分解出来是时效过程中合金硬度和电导率提高的原因。Cu-Cr系合金的高硬度是细晶强化、应变强化和析出强化共同作用的结果,而高电导率是由于时效析出极大地降低了基体中溶质原子浓度。     

快速凝固Cu—Cr合金时效析出的共格强化效应

采用单辊快速凝固的方法制备Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ合金微晶薄带,经适当的时效处理,可以在导电率不降低的前提下,显著提高合金的强度和硬度,强度和硬度的提高主要是由晶粒细化和共格弥散析出强化所造成,共格硬化效果与采用Ｇｅｒｏｌｄ公式计算的结果非常接近,与常规固溶处理的Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ合金相比,峰值硬度提高了１．６倍,其中２７％由细晶强化产生,７３％则由时效析出的共格强化提供,固溶强化和空位强化对快速凝固Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ合金强度     

混合稀土(La-Ce)在快速凝固Cu-Cr合金中的作用

比较了混合稀土（La-Ce）对快速凝固Cu-Cr合金不同状态下组织和性能的影响，结果表明：在急冷态，稀土元素消除了Cu-Cr合金部分柱状晶，稀土元素本身的添加使显微硬度有所提高；抑制时效后Cu-Cr合金二次Cr颗粒的析出，使硬度值随时效温度变化相对比较平稳，提高热稳定性，延缓了过时效的发生。此外，稀土元素改变了Cu-Cr合金共晶组织的短棒状或层片状形态，大多以网状共晶组织存在，经退火共晶组织更加清晰化。     

Liquid-liquid phase separation in highly undercooled Ni-Pb hypermonotectic alloys

1 Introduction Hypermonotectic alloys with homogeneous structure have good physical and chemical properties and can be used as self-lubricating materials, electrical contact materials and superconducting materials, and so on [1,2]. However, it is very dif…     

Calculation of cooling rate of amorphous aluminum alloy melt-spun ribbons

Based on the heat transfer theory and liquid solidification theory, the heat transfer during the rapid solidification process of amorphous ribbons prepared by melt spinning was approximately modeled by one-dimensional heat conduction equation. Besides, integration with the temperature gradient, the relationship between the ribbon thickness and solidification time was derived according to the boundary conditions of ribbon-copper wheel. A simply theoretical model was obtained to calculate the cooling rates of aluminum amorphous ribbons. According to the above theoretical model, the critical cooling rate of aluminum amorphous ribbons by melt spinning is above 10^6 K/s, which proves that the aluminum based alloys belong to the marginal glass forming ability of alloys. The calculated results are in good agreement with other estimated values reported previously.     

Microstructure of directionally solidified Cu-Cr composites

Cu-Cr composites were prepared by self-made directional solidification equipment with the high temperature gradient and double-zone heating. The microstructural evolution was investigated during the directional solidification with the different solidification rate for Cu-1.0%Cr, Cu-1.7%Cr and Cu-5.6%Cr alloys, respectively. It is shown that for the hypoeutectic Cu-1.0%Cr alloy, the general microstructures consist of primary α(Cu) phase and the rod-like or needle-like (α β) eutectics, and for the hypereutectic Cu-1. 7%Cr and Cu-5.6%Cr alloys, α(Cu)phase, primary β(Cr) phase and (α β) eutectics coexist. With the increase of the solidification rate, the morphology evolution of every phase is that, 1st cellular(dendrite) of α(Cu) phase thins and cellular(dendrite) spacing shortens gradually, (α β) eutectics set in α(Cu) cellular or dendrite, and primary β(Cr) phase distributes unevenly on α (Cu) matrix, whose morphology undergoes the change from dendrite to particle.     

变形对Cu-Cr合金脱铬腐蚀的影响

针对Cu—Cr合金在HCl溶液中脱铬腐蚀问题，借助金相测试手段研究了变形对Cu-Cr合金脱铬腐蚀的影响。结果表明：试样变形量越大，Cu-Cr合金脱铬孕育期越短，脱铬倾向增大。     

Liquid phase separation in transition element high entropy alloys

Non-consumable arc melting was used to produce buttons of transition metal (Co-Cu-Fe) high entropy alloys (HEAs) with additions of Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, V or Ti. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) capabilities were used for microstructural characterization. It was found that certain HEAs exhibit stable liquid miscibility gaps causing separation into two liquids, namely a Cu-lean liquid, L1, and a Cu-rich liquid, L2. Since, in stable liquid phase separation (LPS) involving Cu, the Cu-rich L2 has a higher density and a lower melting temperature, it sinks to the bottom of the casting. Secondary melt separation was also observed and resulted in small spheres of the minority liquid embedded in the matrix of the first liquid. Additions of Co, Al, Ti, and Ni were found to lower the miscibility gap temperature (T_MG), while additions of Cr, V, and Nb were observed to raise T_MG and enhance stable LPS. Thermodynamic calculations were used to support the experimental results.     

快速冷却对DP1000双相钢激光焊接接头性能的影响

激光焊接DP1000双相先进高强钢的过程中,普遍存在焊接热影响区的软化现象,热影响区的软化严重影响了焊接结构的成形和使用性能. 为了能提高焊接接头的成形和使用性能,采用快速冷却的方式来改善其焊接热影响区的软化问题. 通过拉伸试验、显微硬度测试、扫描电镜和光学显微镜等手段对比研究了1.5 mm厚DP1000双相钢板有无快速冷却的焊接接头中组织和性能的变化. 结果表明,在快速冷却条件下,激光焊接DP1000双相钢的接头热影响区软化区较空冷焊接的窄,软化现象有所改善,强度和塑性均有所提高.     

Dechromisation of Cu-Cr alloy in acid solutions containing Cl~-

1　INTRODUCTIONItisveryimportanttoexploitanewkindofCualloyswithexcellentanti corrosion performancebe causeCualloy ,asakindofanti corrosionmaterialsappliedforalongtime ,oftenundertakesleakageandseriouscorrosionintheearlystageduringitsser vice[1] .Cu Cralloyhashighstrengthandexcellentelectricconductivityandheatconductivity ,anditisappliedwidelytopreparefunctionaldevicesinhighstrength ,highconductivityfields .Althoughmanyattentionwas paidtotheCu Cralloyandalargenumberofworkshadbeendone[2 12…     

Cu-Cr原位复合材料组织性能研究

采用感应加热熔炼及通过热锻和线拉变形结合中间热处理制备了Cu-15％Cr原位复合材料，用SEM和TEM等技术对形变Cu—Cr原位复合材料的Cr纤维形成过程、立体形态进行了分析。结果表明，在变形过程中Cr树枝晶发生转动，平行于线轴方向排列；Cr纤维立体形态则为卷边的薄片状。测定了形变Cu—Cr原位复合材料的抗拉强度，分析表明，强度随变形量的增加而提高，与纤维相间距呈Hall—Patch关系。     

Effect of Lanthanum and Yttrium on Microstructures of Cu-Cr alloys

Microstructures of Cu-based alloys (including Cu0.8Cr0.05La, Cu0.8Cr0.1La, Cu0.8Cr0.4La, Cu0.8Cr0.05Y,Cu0.8Cr0.1Y and Cu0.8Cr0.4Y) were studied by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Scanning electron microscope and Energy-dispersive X-my spectroscopy. The results show that La and Y refine the grains and change the distribution of microstructures of Cu-Cr alloys. The sizes of Cr particles are smaller in CuCrRE alloys than in CuCr alloy. In CuCrLa and CuCrY alloys, La and Y usually respectively, exist as compounds of Cu6La and Cu5Y. These compounds distribute in the grains with sphere shape and on the grain-boundaries with slice shape.     

深过冷条件下Cu—Co合金的液相分解

用金相分析法对含10％－30％Cu-Co合金液态深过冷条件下的液相分解行为进行了研究,结果表明,在深过冷条件下Cu-Co合金首先形成富Co的α枝晶,由于α-Co枝晶;由于α-Co枝晶的分数小于平衡凝固态,剩余液相是过饱和的;当液态合金过冷到液相分解区后,将分解成富Cu和富Co的两个液相。Cu-Co合金液相分解过程包括富Co液滴的形成,长大、积聚及富Co液滴的二次相分解。首次观察到在过饱和的富Cu液相发生液相分解后,原始枝晶重熔并参与液相分解反常现象。     

Dynamic electromagnetic separation of iron-rich phase inclusions from Al alloy

A lum inum alloy plays a very im portant role in m odern society [1]. As the advancem ent of m odern society, m aterial industry faces the challenge of sustainable developm entand society needs alum inum products ofbetter quality.H oweverthe finalalum inum products always contain certain am ountofinclusions [2] com ing from raw m aterialas wellasproduction process.These inclusionsare usually sm all in size and theirdensities are alm ostthe sam e as thatofthe m etalm elt.Asaresult,itisdifficult…     

定向凝固速度对Cu-Cr合金组织形貌的影响

在高梯度定向凝固装置上制备Cu-1.0%Cr(质量分数)合金,用金相显微镜、扫描电镜进行微观组织的观察,研究定向凝固速度对Cu-Cr合金微观组织形貌的影响.研究结果表明,Cu-1.0%Cr合金定向凝固组织形貌为:初生α相和(α β)共晶组织相间生长,宏观上沿凝固方向呈纤维状排列;随着凝固速度的提高,凝固组织随着凝固界面形态的演化,出现胞晶组织→粗树枝晶组织→细树枝晶组织的一系列的形貌变化.     

Dependence of phase selection on cooling rates in as-cast A1-Si-Mg alloys

The effect of cooling rate on the solidification process of Al-2.06%Si-1.58%Mg was numerically and experimentally investigated. The solidification paths and the phase precipitation sequence were predicted based on the solute transportation analysis in the solidification process by coupling the thermodynamic calculation. Due to the different solute diffusion speeds, the solidification paths can be largely influenced by the cooling rates. Different phase precipitation sequences can be obtained through calculation under different cooling rates. And the later experiments have also proved this phenomenon. In the researched Al-2.06%Si-1.58%Mg alloy, the solidification sequences are α（Al）-α（Al）＋Si-α（Al）＋Mg2Si＋Si under low cooling rate and α（Al）- α（Al）＋Mg2Si-α（Al）＋Mg2Si＋Si under high cooling rate, respectively. The experimental results confirm the calculation predications.