基于CBR的应急案例本体模型

为了解决案例推理过程中应急案例理解上的语义冲突问题,通过分析突发事件应急案例,在扩展ABC本体模型的基础上,定义了基于CBR的应急案例本体模型,并详细描述了模型中的概念、关系、公理和实例等要素。最后以福岛第一核电站核危机为例对该模型进行了验证。     

传染病应急案例共享本体模型研究

世界范围爆发的大规模传染病事件使应急处置人员对规范的应急知识与信息需求急剧增加。为了解决传染病应急案例知识共享与语义冲突问题,对传染病应急案例本体模型(IDECOM)进行了分析与定义,提出了基于本体的传染病应急案例共享框架,并以北京应对SARS事件为例,描述基于本体的传染病应急案例部分知识片段。     

应急预案体系本体模型（EPSOnto）及应用

应急预案是处置突发事件的重要依据,应急预案体系提供应急预案编制及修订指南。目前我国的应急预案体系建设存在描述不一致和异构性等问题。针对上述问题,采用语义网的本体技术,构建了应急预案体系本体模型,该模型以SUMO为上位本体,从预案体系主体、预案体系客体和体系组成等方面构建应急预案体系的概念、关系、函数、公理和实例五元组本体模型,并以天津市应急预案体系为应用实例对EPSOnto模型进行验证。     

基于HBase的领域本体存储方法及其应用研究

在分析民航突发事件应急管理领域本体及其存储特点的基础上,提出了一种基于HBase的领域本体存储方法,采用将领域本体元数据与RDF实例数据分开存储的方式,给出了描述领域本体类及属性信息的元数据和RDF实例数据的存储模型,及其基于MapReduce的领域本体RDF数据并行加载过程。结合应用实现了领域本体基于HBase API的基本图模式查询,并在Hadoop环境下进行了实验与效果分析,为民航应急管理领域本体的海量数据存储提供了理论与方法支撑。     

应急物流组织本体模型研究及应用

为解决应急物流组织的知识共享及互操作问题,基于ABC上位本体,定义了应急物流本体模型ELO_Ontology,形式化表示为应急物流组织概念、关系、函数、公理和实例的五元组。最后,以四川省汶川大地震中的应急物流组织片段为实例进行了知识表示,结果表明,ELO_Ontology模型能够有效构建应急物流组织的知识体系。     

面向高速公路网知识管理的SUMO扩展本体

针对我国高速公路网交通领域知识的不一致理解问题,通过扩展推荐上层合并本体SUMO设计了面向高速公路网领域知识管理的SFNO本体,包含SFNO基础和SFNO核心两个部分,前者定义了共享概念及关系,后者分单元建立了高速公路网交通领域知识结构的语义视图。通过SFNO本体的实例化案例分析了该本体对高速公路网交通领域知识的一致化表达方式,表明该本体有助于消除我国高速公路网内不同部门、不同系统对领域知识的二义性理解,从而更好地支撑知识管理和信息集成等上层应用。     

基于应急案例本体的信息抽取的模型及应用

为了对重大突发性危机事件的应急预警并及时有效的处理,提出了一个基于应急案例本体的信息抽取的模型的设计思想和实现方法,该模型首先使用本体来描述应急知识领域中的案例,再在领域知识的指导下抽取Web资源中的相关案例并构建其案例库,供决策者或领域专家选用。应急决策系统既利用了特征模式匹配的快速性,同时又利用了同一数据项在层次结构中的优良特性,从资源中抽取了更为精确的知识,取得了较好的效果     

基于本体集成的语义标注模型设计

语义Web的全面实现需借助于语义标注,标注网页信息会涉及到多个本体.据此,通过研究桥本体,提出一个在本体集成的基础上建立起来的多本体语义标注模型.该模型利用桥本体集成顶层本体和多个领域本体,同时借助基于本体的信息抽取技术对网页进行语义标注,并将标注信息存入标注库,使标注信息与网页分离,提高语义检索的效率.通过举例说明了本模型的合理性.     

民航突发事件应急案例语义检索方法研究

针对突发事件条件下民航应急管理与决策的特殊性,设计了一个基于领域本体的民航突发事件应急案例语义检索系统模型。通过民航突发事件领域本体与语义案例库构建方法的研究,提出了一种针对语义查询请求及其语义分析过程的语义模式表达式匹配算法,并采用基于SWRL规则的推理过程实现了民航突发事件应急案例的语义检索。给出了仿真实验与结果分析,为基于本体的民航突发事件应急管理与决策提供了理论与方法支持。     

基于SUMO的应急组织本体模型及应用

应急组织是突发公共事件应急处置与指挥调度的核心.为了消除应急组织表达中的语义歧义,以SUMO为上位本体,构建了应急组织本体模型.用UML描述了该模型中的应急组织、应急资源和突发事件等概念及其之间的关系,详细分析了模型中的概念、关系、函数、公理和实例等5个本体要素,最后应用该模型对天津市突发公共事件总体应急预案的知识进行了表达,并运用该模型开发了应急预案管理系统原型.实验结果表明,该模型可以很好地表达应急组织相关概念及概念问的关系,消除了语义歧义.     

An emergency response decision support system framework for application in e-government

An emergency response decision support system (ERDSS) needs to assist decision makers to evaluate emergency plans and select an appropriate one during an emergency by supporting heterogeneous emergency response data sources and providing decision makers the access to appropriate emergency rescue knowledge. It also needs to provide differentiated services to meet requirements. Whether the system is effective or not depends on the framework it is based on. This study proposes an ERDSS framework that consists of ten functional modules: Emergency Service Helpdesk, Command and Coordination Center, Emergency Plan Management, Emergency Relief Supplies Management, Emergency Finance Budget Management, Emergency Organization and Activity Management, Emergency Knowledge Warehouse, Emergency Alarm Management, and Problem Analysis and Management. A case study is conducted on Shanghai emergency management decision support system, an EMDSS based on this framework and applied currently in Shanghai, China. The study demonstrates that the proposed ERDSS system framework can provide theoretical and practical guidance for designing and developing effective emergency response systems.     

GIS在政府应急管理中的应用研究

应急信息平台是突发事件管理与应急决策的重要支撑工具,GIS是一种高效地图分析处置技术,构建基于GIS技术的应急信息平台是提高政府应急管理工作水平重要途径。本文通过对政府应急管理工作的分析,给出政府应急信息平台-GIS系统的开发方案。首先,给出了政府应急信息平台-GIS系统的框架结构及其功能,接着给出了该系统数据库的详细设计,最后以天津经济技术开发区应急信息平台-GIS系统为例,介绍了给出该系统的开发方式和主要功能。     

基于交叉效率的应急案例检索方法

为了解决应急方案搜索客观性及属性权重确定困难的问题,建立一种基于交叉效率的应急案例检索方法.首先,应用欧氏距离度量目标案例与历史案例的属性相似度;然后,通过数据包络分析中的CCR交叉效率模型测量案例相似度,同时历史案例应急方案的实施效果也应用CCR交叉效率模型进行评估,进而集结案例相似度和应急方案实施效果得到案例的综合评价值,目标案例的应急方案为综合评价值最大的历史案例的应急方案;最后,通过一个高层建筑火灾案例验证所提出方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于虚拟现实技术的应急推演沙盘系统的设计和实现

应急模拟演习是为了测试对突发性事件的应急能力和素质。在应急模拟推演中运用先进的虚拟现实技术,可以更好地满足推演的数字化、三维立体化、交互等功能要求,使人产生身临其境的感觉。本文采用Torque 3D为虚拟现实工具,设计并研发了一款应急推演沙盘系统。该系统充分发挥虚拟现实技术的3D、互动等特性,可以实现应急推演过程的场景编辑、事件接报、分析研判、决策标绘、演练执行和总结等功能。本文为虚拟现实技术应用到应急模拟演习方面的研究提供了一新途径。     

Supporting Community Emergency Management Planning through a Geocollaboration Software Architecture

Emergency management is more than just events occurring within an emergency situation. It encompasses a variety of persistent activities such as planning, training, assessment, and organizational change. We are studying emergency management planning practices in which geographic communities (towns and regions) prepare to respond efficiently to significant emergency events. Community emergency management planning is an extensive collaboration involving numerous stakeholders throughout the community and both reflecting and challenging the community’s structure and resources. Geocollaboration is one aspect of the effort. Emergency managers, public works directors, first responders, and local transportation managers need to exchange information relating to possible emergency event locations and their surrounding areas. They need to examine geospatial maps together and collaboratively develop emergency plans and procedures. Issues such as emergency vehicle traffic routes and staging areas for command posts, arriving media, and personal first responders’ vehicles must be agreed upon prior to an emergency event to ensure an efficient and effective response. This work presents a software architecture that facilitates the development of geocollaboration solutions. The architecture extends prior geocollaboration research and reuses existing geospatial information models. Emergency management planning is one application domain for the architecture. Geocollaboration tools can be developed that support community-wide emergency management planning and preparedness. This paper describes how the software architecture can be used for the geospatial, emergency management planning activities of one community.     

为本体库提供精确语义的研究

CSCW中经常有多种本体库同时存在,然而这些本体库之间相互独立,不利于协同工作的顺利进行,另外,许多类似于框架表示的本体库缺乏精确的语义。为解决此问题,该文提出了用上层本体将不同本体库关联,并通过描述逻辑本体库为其它本体库提供精确的语义。文章重点介绍了基于描述逻辑的语言CSONTO,提出了相应的算法对术语分类。     

Enhancing Knowledge Management and Decision-Making Capability of China’s Emergency Operations Center Using Big Data

Emerging communication and computing technologies such as social media, Internet of Things and big data provide great opportunities to improve information management systems for emergency operations. This paper studies the issues of information management at China’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC), and proposes a data-driven knowledge management system (KMS) to support decisionmaking, coordination, and collaboration within EOCs and with the public. In the proposed KMS, big data analytics is employed to gather and analyze information from different knowledge domains and track how a crisis evolves in physical world and in cyber space. The proposed system aims at improving situation awareness of public opinions and regulating human behaviors in regards to an emergency. A case study is presented to explain how the proposed system is applied to improve decision-making during emergency.     

Independence,trust, and loyalty. The county governor's coordination of public and voluntary resources in crises in Norway

Collaboration and communication are crucial factors in handling crises, whether the crisis is a serious landslide requiring emergency response for several days or a pandemic lasting for months. This article describes and analyses the governmental relationship with the local communities in critical situations with the COVID-19 pandemic as a case. In the Norwegian administrative organisation, the county governors have a defined role in their emergency responsibilities, including being chairpersons of the County Emergency Council (CEC). The Norwegian emergency system is organised with samvirke (translated to English as coordinated cooperation) as a core constituency. In this system, voluntary organisations have a formalised role in taking an active part in crisis handling. The inclusion of voluntary organisations in the CEC, as seen by the county governors, is used as a case study. The challenges of collaboration can be analysed using the terms independence, trust, and loyalty. Data are collected from governing documents and interviews with the county governors. The main factor in successful coordination is the governors' ability to support the municipalities and the local communities. They must balance between wants of independence and state control. The art of this balancing act is the topic of this article.     

面向情景的机场应急仿真系统Petri网建模方法

危机管理是当前的热门话题,其中利用仿真的方法进行应急管理是研究的重要方法之一。文章提出了面向情景的机场应急仿真建模方法,并运用此方法建立了机场应急仿真模型,进行了实验验证。