负载型钯催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧的研究进展

概述了负载型钯催化剂对甲烷完全氧化的催化机理,以及钯催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中的性能特点。     

复合ZrO_2载体负载Pt催化剂催化燃烧VOCs性能

采用共沉淀法制备复合ZrO_2载体,然后负载Pt制得催化剂,用于催化燃烧处理VOCs。采用BET、XRD和H2-TPD等对制备的复合ZrO_2载体和催化剂进行表征。结果表明,ZrO_2掺杂后有利于提高载体比表面积,改善载体结构。对甲苯进行催化燃烧实验,反应温度230℃时,甲苯转化率大于99.5%。考察制备的催化剂对鞋厂尾气催化处理能力,转化率均大于99.5%。     

甲烷催化燃烧催化剂催化理论与应用研究进展

概述了甲烷催化燃烧催化剂的研究现状,从组成甲烷燃烧催化剂的3个部分（基体、活性组分、氧化物载体）分别加以论述。通过掺杂一些金属和金属氧化物,不但可以提高高活性贵金属催化剂的热分解温度,还可以提高高温催化剂（如钙钛矿和六铝酸盐材料等）的催化活性。最后简要综述了甲烷催化燃烧反应机理。     

高比表面积Pd纤维催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

制备了PdO/CeO2/γ- Al2 O3/Al2 O3 - SiO2纤维催化剂,考察了CeO2掺杂对催化剂甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.结果表明,掺杂质量分数0.05％ CeO2,催化剂活性最好,甲烷完全转化温度为385℃.BET比表面积测定结果显示,γ- Al2 O3的加入极大提高了纤维的比表面积;氧气程序升温脱附实验结...     

Ce改性Pd基整体式催化剂的结构特征及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

分别以拟薄水铝石和添加Ce的拟薄水铝石制备铝溶胶,经过堇青石（Cord）表面涂覆和Pd溶液浸渍,得到浸渍法和溶胶法Ce改性的Pd/γ-Al₂O₃/Cord整体式催化剂。采用XRD、SEM和XPS等对催化剂进行表征,评价其甲烷催化燃烧反应性能,并考察Ce的不同添加方式对催化剂结构和反应性能的影响。结果表明,适量Ce的添加可提高Pd基整体式催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能,溶胶法优于浸渍法。随着Ce添加量的增加,浸渍法改性的Pd基催化剂催化性能有所降低,溶胶法则呈现先升高后降低的趋势。溶胶法中Ce的添加物与γ-Al₂O₃涂层充分融合,提高了涂层的热稳定性和活性组分的分散度,0.5Pd/γ-Al₂O₃(3.0Ce)/Cord催化剂催化性能最优。     

MnOx/Mg-Al2O3催化甲烷燃烧反应的研究

在Al2O3上浸渍Mg（NO3）2溶液,焙烧后制得Mg改性Al2O3（Mg-Al2O3）。以Mg-Al2O3为载体,制备了MnOx/Mg-Al2O3系列催化剂,测试了这些催化剂对甲烷燃烧反应的催化活性。结果表明：Mg的加入有效抑制了Al2O3在高温焙烧时发生γ相变,提高了Al2O3的热稳定性,MnOx/10%Mg-Al2O3对甲烷燃烧的催化活性较高,Mg的适宜加入量为10%。     

低浓度甲烷燃烧用Pd/α-Al2O3蜂窝催化剂的制备

针对甲烷催化燃烧反应,用浸渍法制备Pd/α-Al_2O_3催化剂粉体,并涂覆到氧化铝蜂窝陶瓷基体上制成蜂窝催化剂。考察了Pd浸渍液pH值、Pd的负载量、焙烧温度及活性粉体涂覆量对催化活性的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)及CO化学吸附等方法对催化剂涂层的形貌,涂层中Pd含量及Pd颗粒大小进行了表征。结果表明,浸渍液pH值为5时获得了高分散的Pd品粒(粒径约2 nm);500～600℃焙烧可获得高活性,700℃焙烧则使晶粒烧结,导致活性下降。涂层中Pd质量分率0.33%、涂覆量厚度约为50 μm时可同时得到小的Pd晶粒及薄且均一的涂层,对Pd的利用率最高,获得了最优的催化剂活性。     

合成氯甲烷的负载型ZnCl2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的研制

采用Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析（ＸＰＳ）及宽角Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）等技术对不同条件制备、自理的催化剂性能、组成结构进行研究及评价,实验结果表明,浸沛时间是影响活性组分分布均匀程度的主要因素ＺｎＣｌ２渍淮质量分数决定着载体γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上ＺｎＣｌ２负载量。催化剂的活性与直 分在载体表面的分布主相互作用有关,取决于载体、ＺｎＣｌ２负载量及热处理的条件。ＺｎＣｌ２与载体相互作用,形成了复杂的多相体系。包括过量     

甲烷催化燃烧用LaMn/Al_2O_3催化剂研究

为获得具有优良低温活性的甲烷燃烧用催化剂,采用稀土La作为助剂制备了系列Mn基催化剂,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和程序升温还原(TPR)技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并评价了其对甲烷燃烧的低温催化性能。结果表明,La助剂的添加显著促进了活性组分MnO2的分散,使其更易于还原,且使Mn4+和晶格氧富集于催化剂表面,因而显著提高了催化剂对甲烷催化燃烧的低温活性。当La质量分数为5%时,催化活性最高,甲烷50%转化率对应的温度较未加助剂时降低了70℃,且完全转化的温度低至480℃。     

甲烷催化燃烧的实验研究

在含铂的Ｍｏｎｏｌｉｔｈ催化剂上进行了甲烷的催化燃烧反应。实验表明，室温下必须先用氢气来点火，甲烷才能催化燃烧。甲烷催化燃烧的允许工作温度为９００～１１００℃，过低的温度导至熄火，过高则会使铂催化剂失活。在实验的反应条件下，甲烷进料浓度范围很窄为４％—６％（体积）。为实现甲烷的稳定燃烧必须对反应条件提出较高的自动化要求     

Catalytic combustion of methane on novel catalysts derived from Cu-Mg/Al-hydrotalcites

Novel Cu-Mg/Al mixed oxides (designated as i-CMAO-800) were prepared by calcinations of Cu-Mg/Al hydrotalcites [(Cu²⁺ +Mg²⁺)/Al³⁺= 3] at 800 °C. Their performance for the catalytic combustion of methane was investigated. The oxides and their precursors were characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, TPR and N₂ adsorption/desorption techniques. The results showed that BET surface areas and the stability of the resultant oxides were greatly influenced by the copper contents in hydrotalcite precursors, bringing about difference in their activities for methane catalytic combustion. XRD results indicated that Cu was highly dispersed in hydrotalcite precursors in case of low copper contents, (Cu 40 wt%). For higher Cu contents, Cu(OH)₂ was formed, and, consequently, a separate phase of CuO was detected in the oxide catalysts after calcination. As indicated by the TG-DSC results, different decomposition behaviors were observed for various hydrotalcites. Thermal calcination promoted the formation of copper aluminates and segregation of CuO from the bulk phases. TPR results showed 15CMAO-800 has the highest reduction rate, and the catalytic activities of iCMAO-800 mixed oxides depend on both the reduction rates and the amounts of copper ions in mixed oxides. The catalyst 15-CMAO-800 showed the best performance.     

Catalytic combustion of methane over barium hexaferrites

Barium hexaferrite BaFe₁₂O₁₉ and iridium-containing barium hexaferrites have been prepared by the citrates gel method. Their catalytic activity in methane combustion has been evaluated. BaFe₁₂O₁₉ is an efficient catalyst for this reaction, and the introduction of iridium in the hexaferrite structure does not improve this activity. Mössbauer spectroscopy suggests that a part of the iridium ions are incorporated in the hexaferrite structure, however in crystallographic sites where they cannot interact with the gas phase. Infrared study of CO adsorption reveals the presence of two types of iridium particles in the surface: small Ir particles, in strong interaction with the hexaferrite structure, and some larger Ir particles which were not incorporated into the lattice.     

Ce-Zr-V-O复合氧化物对二氯甲烷催化燃烧性能

用共沉淀法制备不同铈锆比及V掺杂量的Ce-Zr-V-O复合氧化物催化剂,在常压固定床反应器上对复合氧化物催化剂用于二氯甲烷催化燃烧的活性进行评价,采用BET、XRD、XPS和H₂-TPR等方法对复合氧化物催化剂进行表征。结果表明,V与Ce-Zr形成了Ce-Zr-V-O固溶体,V掺杂提高了催化剂的比表面积和孔径,形成了更多的晶格缺陷和活性中心,使催化剂具有更高的催化活性和稳定性。n(Ce)∶n(Zr)∶n(V)=7∶3∶0.5时,Ce_0.7Zr_0.3V _0.05 O _2-λ催化剂活性最好,小于300 ℃,连续反应200 h,二氯甲烷转化率大于98%。     

Low-temperature catalytic combustion on Pt/SO 4 2− /ZrO2 and Pd/SO 4 2− /ZrO2 catalysts

Low-temperature combustion of various organic compounds on Pt/SO ₄ ^–2 /ZrO₂ and Pd/SO ₄ ^–2 /ZrO₂ was studied. For these organic compounds, especially saturated hydrocarbons, the combustion activities of Pt/SO ₄ ^–2 /ZrO₂ are higher than those of Pt/ Al₂O₃. Pt/SO ₄ ^–2 /ZrO₂ combustion catalysts can be used in a wide range of space velocity and oxygen content. The catalytic activity is enhanced with an increase of Pt loading from 0.1 to 1.0 wt%. The superacidity of the support material is responsible for the improvement in activity rather than an increase in catalyst surface area or metal dispersion. Pd/SO ₄ ^–2 /ZrO₂ are less active than Pt/SO ₄ ^–2 /ZrO₂.     

Cobalt-containing catalysts for the high-temperature combustion of methane

Cobalt was supported on ZrO₂, La-doped ZrO₂ and La₂O₃ through atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and wet impregnation. The rate data obtained at 770 K is compared with literature information about cobalt inserted in other matrixes. The ALE technique using ZrO₂ and La-doped ZrO₂ yielded the best cobalt-containing catalysts. Bulk and surface characterization techniques provided key clues to understand the origin of the large difference in catalytic activity reported for cobalt-containing formulations.     

Ce1-xCuxO2-x/Al2O3催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体，采用共浸渍法制备了负载型Ce_1-xCu_xO_2-x/Al₂O₃催化剂（x=0～1）以及不同Ce_0.2Cu_0.8O_1.2含量的Ce_0.2Cu_0.8O_1.2/Al₂O₃催化剂，采用XRD、TPR等现代分析测试手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征，评价了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能.结果表明，Ce_1-xCu_xO_2-x/Al₂O₃催化剂中Ce和Cu的摩尔比显著影响催化剂的催化性能，在载体γ-Al₂O₃表面，Ce和Cu形成了固溶体，从而提高了Cu的分散性，改变了Ce和Cu的氧化还原性能，提高了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能，并且Ce和Cu之间存在着协同作用.     

Catalytic combustion of methane over palladium exchanged zeolites

Palladium cation exchanged zeolites (ZSM-5, mordenite and ferrierite) were studied as catalysts for methane combustion. Pd-zeolites showed much higher activities than PdO/Al₂O₃. For comparable palladium loadings, PdO/Al₂O₃ requires a reaction temperature of ca. 70–80°C higher than Pd-ZSM-5 for conversions between 50–100%. The catalytic activity of Pd-ZSM-5 seems to be related to its reducibility. Temperature-programmed reduction experiments with carbon monoxide showed a lower reduction temperature (ca. 157°C) for Pd-ZSM-5 than for PdO/Al₂O₃ (225°C). Further, the positioning of the palladium by ion exchange offers a highly dispersed form of Pd^II supported on the high surface area zeolite.