一种新型氧化还原活性凝胶电解质在超级电容器中的应用

以2-巯基吡啶(PySH)为氧化还原活性介质,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为聚合物基体,采用溶液共混法制备了PVA-H2SO4-PySH凝胶电解质,研究了Py-SH添加量对凝胶电解质离子电导率的影响,并组装了活性炭电极超级电容器,利用循环伏安、恒流充放电、交流阻抗谱和自放电等测试对超级电容器电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,PySH的引入提高了凝胶电解质的离子电导率,同时也改善了超级电容器的电化学性能,在相同电流密度下,超级电容器电极比电容由137F/g提高为394F/g,能量密度由3.6Wh/kg提高到12.4Wh/kg,经过3000次充放电循环后比电容保持率为89%。     

一种新型氧化还原活性凝胶电解质在超级电容器中的应用

以2-巯基吡啶(PySH)为氧化还原活性介质,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为聚合物基体,采用溶液共混法制备了PVA-H2SO4-PySH凝胶电解质,研究了PySH添加量对凝胶电解质离子电导率的影响,并组装了活性炭电极超级电容器,利用循环伏安、恒流充放电、交流阻抗谱和自放电等测试对超级电容器电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,PySH的引入提高了凝胶电解质的离子电导率,同时也改善了超级电容器的电化学性能,在相同电流密度下,超级电容器电极比电容由137F/g提高为394F/g,能量密度由3.6Wh/kg提高到12.4Wh/kg,经过3000次充放电循环后比电容保持率为89%。     

苯硼酸水凝胶电解质的制备及其在柔性超级电容器中的应用

以3-丙烯酰胺基苯硼酸（AAPBA）和丙烯酰胺（AM）为原料,过硫酸铵（APS）为引发剂,制备得到机械强度高的水凝胶电解质P(AAPBA-co-AM),探究了其力学性能以及组装成超级电容器后的电化学性能。结果表明：聚3-丙烯酰胺基苯硼酸和聚丙烯酰胺链之间多重氢键的协同作用,使得水凝胶具有良好的力学强度和韧性,其断裂应力为170 kPa,断裂伸长率为5 000 %。在1 A/g电流密度下,比电容达到116 F/g,经过2 000次循环后的电容保持率为74%。超级电容器经多次弯曲、折叠,其电化学性能基本保持不变,展现良好的柔性以及电化学稳定性。     

凝胶聚合物电解质组装聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩固态超级电容器

以聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/碳纸(PEDOT/CP)为电极,聚乙烯醇/硫酸/碘化钾(PVA/H_2SO_4/KI)凝胶为聚合物电解质,组装成PEDOT固态超级电容器。采用循环伏安法(CV)、恒电流充电/放电技术(GCD)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了电解质中PVA浓度对超级电容器电化学性能的影响。结果表明,以浓度为10%的PVA溶液所组装的固态电容器在1 mA/cm~2放电电流下有较高的比电容(352.59 F/g),能量密度和功率密度分别为451.32 Wh/kg,13.29 kW/kg。凝胶聚合物电解质因兼具了液体电解质优良的电导率和固态电解质易于封装、无泄漏等优点,所以在电源备用系统、电动汽车、医疗电子器械及军工设备等领域中具有良好的应用前景。     

碳纳米管在HQ/H_2SO_4电解质体系中的超级电容器性能研究

以自组装法合成的聚苯胺为前驱体,将其碳化活化后得到活性碳纳米管,分别研究了活性碳纳米管在H2SO4和氢醌(hydroquinone,HQ)/H2SO4电解质溶液里的超级电容器性能。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和比表面及孔径分析等方法对材料的形貌和孔径分布进行表征。采用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗法分别研究了超级电容器在1mol/L H2SO4、0.4mol/L HQ/H2SO4电解质溶液中的电化学性能。在扫描速率为2mV/s时,碳纳米管电极在H2SO4和HQ/H2SO4电解液中的比电容分别为188和380F/g。研究表明,在HQ/H2SO4电解质溶液中可以为超级电容器提供氧化还原赝电容,其比电容量提高了192F/g。     

基于碳纳米管纤维生长锌钴双金属氧化物纳米线森林的高能量纤维状超级电容器（英文）

随着可穿戴电子器件的发展,新型纤维状超级电容器逐渐成为最新一代储能器件。然而,纤维状超级电容器较低的电导率和较小的比电容限制了其在高能量密度器件中的应用。本工作采用水热法在碳纳米管纤维表面生长锌钴双金属氧化物纳米线森林设计高能量纤维状超级电容器,利用锌钴双金属氧化物和碳纳米管纤维的协同效应显著提高复合纤维的电化学性能。使用聚氯乙烯薄膜和聚乙烯醇/氯化锂凝胶电解质与复合纤维组装全固态纤维状对称超级电容器,并测试其电化学性能。组装的复合纤维比电容达到112.67 mF·cm~(-2),功率密度0.45 mw·cm~(-2)时的能量密度为12.68μwh·cm~(-2)。复合纤维有较好的循环稳定性,以1 mA·cm~(-2)的电流密度进行10 000次循环,其电容保持率为90.63%。此外,在几种不同弯曲角度下,循环伏安曲线的变化可以忽略不计,说明复合纤维具有良好的柔韧性和力学稳定性。全固态纤维状超级电容器的优异性能为便携式和可穿戴电子产品的发展提供了新的机遇。     

菱角壳基多孔炭的制备及其电化学电容特性研究

以菱角壳为前驱体,采用KOH化学活化法制备超级电容器用多孔炭,研究了不同碱炭比对多孔炭结构和电化学性能的影响。采用SEM、XRD、Raman、N_2吸脱附测试对多孔炭的微观结构进行表征,并利用循环伏安、恒流充放电、长循环、交流阻抗等方法考察其电容性能。结果表明,碱炭比为4时,多孔炭具有最高的比表面积(2 046.74 m~2/g)和最丰富的孔结构,以TEABF_4/PC为电解液组装成超级电容器,在0.1 A/g电流密度下,其比电容高达126.1 F/g,以0.5 A/g电流密度循环10 000次,其比电容仍保持92.6 F/g,展现出良好的电容性能。     

高性能聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及在超级电容器中的应用

采用化学氧化法制得氧化石墨烯(GO),再用NaBH4还原得到石墨烯(GN);以二氧化锰为氧化剂,室温下通过化学氧化聚合法制备了聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料(PANI/GN)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X-射线衍射(XRD)对其结构和形貌进行了表征。以PANI/GN为活性物质制备电极,1.0mol/L H2SO4水溶液为电解液组装超级电容器,用循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流充放电技术分别测试了PANI/GN电化学性能,在0.1A/g的电流密度下的比容量为468.5F/g,经过1000次连续充放电,电容保持率为84.9%。与PANI、GN单一材料相比,PANI/GN复合物具有较高的比电容和很好的循环稳定性。     

超级电容器用石墨烯极片的制备和性能

以石墨粉为原料,通过简便的氧化还原法制备了石墨烯。将石墨烯极片在有机电解液体系中组装成超级电容器。利用XRD、SEM对制备的石墨烯电极进行物相和形貌分析。采用恒电流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗对所制备超级电容器的电容性能进行了研究。结果表明,石墨烯电极超级电容器比天然石墨制备的超级电容器的比电容有了明显的提高;在电流密度为200mA/g,电压区间为1.25~2.5V下循环888次后比电容保持在45.5F/g,容量保持率在85.5%,表明石墨烯材料制备的电容器具有较好的充放电循环性能。     

超级电容器用石墨烯极片的制备和性能

以石墨粉为原料,通过简便的氧化还原法制备了石墨烯。将石墨烯极片在有机电解液体系中组装成超级电容器。利用XRD、SEM对制备的石墨烯电极进行物相和形貌分析。采用恒电流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗对所制备超级电容器的电容性能进行了研究。结果表明,石墨烯电极超级电容器比天然石墨制备的超级电容器的比电容有了明显的提高;在电流密度为200mA/g,电压区间为1.25~2.5V下循环888次后比电容保持在45.5F/g,容量保持率在85.5%,表明石墨烯材料制备的电容器具有较好的充放电循环性能。     

All-solid-state flexible supercapacitors based on papers coated with carbon nanotubes and ionic-liquid-based gel electrolytes

All-solid-state flexible supercapacitors were fabricated using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), regular office papers, and ionic-liquid-based gel electrolytes. Flexible electrodes were made by coating CNTs on office papers by a drop-dry method. The gel electrolyte was prepared by mixing fumed silica nanopowders with ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTf(2)]). This supercapacitor showed high power and energy performance as a solid-state flexible supercapacitor. The specific capacitance of the CNT electrodes was 135 F g(-1) at a current density of 2 A g(-1), when considering the mass of active materials only. The maximum power and energy density of the supercapacitors were 164 kW kg(-1) and 41 Wh kg(-1), respectively. Interestingly, the solid-state supercapacitor with the gel electrolyte showed comparable performance to the supercapacitors with ionic-liquid electrolyte. Moreover, the supercapacitor showed excellent stability and flexibility. The CNT/paper- and gel-based supercapacitors may hold great potential for low-cost and high-performance flexible energy storage applications.     

种子模板法制备镍盐掺杂聚吡咯纳米纤维及其电化学电容性质

在镍盐存在下,以氯化铁和甲基橙溶液形成的化合物为种子模板,制备了镍盐掺杂的聚吡咯纳米纤维(Ni-PPy)。用扫描电镜(SEM)对种子模板、聚吡咯及镍盐掺杂聚吡咯的形貌进行了表征。用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱和恒流充放电技术测试聚合物的电化学性能。结果表明,以镍盐掺杂聚吡咯为活性物质制成的电极材料在1 mol/L KCl溶液中的比容量高达474 F/g。     

Electrochemical capacitance performance of titanium nitride nanoarray

In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) nanoarrays with a short nanotube and long nanopore structure have been prepared by an anodization process of ultra thin titanium foil in ethylene glycol (EG) solution containing ammonium fluoride, subsequent calcination process in an air atmosphere, and final nitridation process in an ammonia atmosphere. The morphology and microstructure characterization has been conducted using field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical properties have been investigated through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrum measurements. The electrochemical capacitance performance has been investigated by galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements in the acidic, neural and alkali electrolyte solution. Well-defined TiN nanoarrays contribute a much higher capacitance performance than titania (TiO₂) in the supercapacitor application due to the extraordinarily improved electrical conductivity. Such an electrochemical capacitance can be further enhanced by increasing aspect ratio of TiN nanoarray from short nanotubes to long nanopores. A flexible supercapacitor has been constructed using two symmetrical TiN nanoarray electrodes and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel electrolyte with H₂SO₄–KCl–H₂O–EG. Such a supercapacitor has a highly improved potential window and still keeps good electrochemical energy storage. TiN nanoarray with a high aspect ratio can act well as an ultra thin film electrode material of flexible supercapacitor to contribute a superior capacitance performance.     

A self-healing hydrogel electrolyte towards all-in-one flexible supercapacitors

The self-healing electrolytes play an essential role in self-healing supercapacitors. Herein, poly (vinyl alcohol)/sulphuric acid (PVA/H₂SO₄) hydrogel electrolytes with self-healing properties are prepared, which has been achieved by dynamic hydrogen bonds between PVA chains. The obtained PVA hydrogel displays fast self-healing capability, reliable mechanical performance (stress at 0.29 MPa after stretching to 238%) and high ionic conductivity (57.8 mS cm^?1). Based on these excellent properties, an all-in-one self-healing supercapacitor is assembled by in situ polymerization of aniline on the surface of PVA/H₂SO₄ hydrogel electrolyte. The assembled all-in-one supercapacitor shows outstanding capacitance performance (specific capacitance 504 mF cm^?2 at current density of 0.2 mA cm^?2 and energy density 35 μWh cm^?2 at power density 100 μW cm^?2), good cycle stability (after 5000 cycles of charging and discharging, the capacitance retention rate is 77%), excellent flexibility and considerable self-healing performance (69% capacitance retention rate after the fifth self-healing cycle). This self-healing supercapacitor will promote the development of self-healing energy storage devices in wearable electronics.

     

用于高性能超级电容器电极的栓皮栎基多孔活性炭的制备

本研究以空腔细胞组成的栓皮栎为原料, KOH为活化剂制备了具有多孔结构的栓皮栎软木基多孔活性炭。以此方法制得的活性炭呈薄片状外形, 最大比表面积达到2312 m ²/g, 具有特殊的微孔-介孔结构。在呈碱性的KOH三电极体系中, 0.1 A/g电流密度时比电容达296 F/g; 两电极体系中, 5 A/g时的比电容达到201 F/g, 循环5000次后电容保持率达99.5%。在呈中性的Na₂SO₄两电极体系中, 电流密度0.5 A/g (174 F/g)至50 A/g (140 F/g)时电容保持率达80.5%, 倍率性能良好, 能量密度高达19.62 Wh/kg。     

Nano-sized Ni-doped carbon aerogel for supercapacitor

Carbon aerogel was prepared by polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde using sodium carbonate as a catalyst in ambient conditions. Nano-sized Ni-doped carbon aerogel was then prepared by a precipitation method in an ethanol solvent. In order to elucidate the effect of nickel content on electrochemical properties, Ni-doped carbon aerogels (21, 35, 60, and 82 wt%) were prepared and their performance for supercapacitor electrode was investigated. Electrochemical properties of Ni-doped carbon aerogel electrodes were measured by cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 10 mV/sec and charge/discharge test at constant current of 1 A/g in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Among the samples prepared, 35 wt% Ni-doped carbon aerogel (Ni/CA-35) showed the highest capacitance (110 F/g) and excellent charge/discharge behavior. The enhanced capacitance of Ni-doped carbon aerogel was attributed to the faradaic redox reactions of nano-sized nickel oxide. Moreover, Ni-doped carbon aerogel exhibited quite stable cyclability, indicating long-term electrochemical stability.     

智能包装系统用石墨烯基超级电容器的制备

目的 制备具有优异电化学性能的石墨烯/纳米纤维素/二氧化锰复合纤维水系超级电容器。方法 采用超声波分散处理制备氧化石墨烯/纳米纤维素/二氧化锰混合纺丝液;运用湿纺纺丝工艺制备氧化石墨烯/纳米纤维素/二氧化锰杂化纤维电极;通过氢碘酸还原和冷冻干燥处理构建具有多孔结构的石墨烯/纳 米纤维素/二氧化锰复合纤维电极;最后,将其组装成两电极水系超级电容器。结果 在石墨烯/纳米纤维素/二氧化锰复合纤维中,纳米纤维素的添加有效抑制了石墨烯片层的自聚集,并显著提升了复合纤维的亲水性和拉伸强度。二氧化锰的加入显著提升了纤维电极的电化学性能。得益于精心的实验设计,石墨烯/纳米纤维素/二氧化锰复合纤维的拉伸强度为338 MPa。组装后的水系超级电容器具有优异的电容性能和循环稳定性,在电流密度为0.1 mA/cm2时,面积电容为412.5 mF/cm2,循环1500次后,电容保持率为87%。结论 将切实可行的湿法纺丝策略与精心设计的电极结构相结合,制备的石墨烯/纳米纤维素/二氧化锰水系超级电容器为可穿戴便携式储能设备和智能包装能源供应系统的发展提供了良好的参考。     

磷掺杂中空碳球的制备及其电容性能EI北大核心CSCD

以酚醛预聚体和苯乙烯为原料通过水热法一步合成中空聚合物球(HPS),再以三氯化磷为反应剂通过傅-克反应对HPS处理得到含磷交联聚合物,经高温炭化和KOH活化制备磷掺杂中空碳球(AP-HCS)。采用FT-IR,TG,SEM,TEM,Raman,BET,XPS等手段对含磷聚合物和碳材料的组成、结构与形貌进行表征,测试碳材料在1 mol/L H2SO4介质中的电容性能。结果表明:AP-HCS的比表面积可达2177 m2/g,在1 A/g电流密度下,比电容为288 F/g,5 A/g电流密度下经循环充放电5000次后比电容值仍能保持88.9%,具备良好的电容性能。     

预活化时间对稻壳基活性炭结构和电化学性能的影响

以农业废料稻壳为碳源,氢氧化钠为活化剂,采用干法两步活化法制备活性炭。X射线衍射分析表明该法能有效去除稻壳中的灰分,提高活性炭的孔隙率。扫描电镜结果表明,活性炭具有发达的孔隙结构。以活性炭制备超级电容器的电极,并组装成扣式电容器。采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等测定超级电容器的电化学性能,并着重探究了预活化时间对活性炭的结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,预活化时间为120 min的活性炭的比电容最大,在0.25 A/g电流密度下,可达219F/g,经过1 000次循环后,其电容保持率仍达85.4%。这表明活性炭电极具有较理想的电容特性,且循环性能稳定。