Nd—Dy—Fe—Co—B快淬非晶合金的晶化动力学

用差热分析（DTA）,结合X射线衍射（XRD）研究了Nd-Dy-Fe-Co-B非晶合金的晶化动力学。结果表明,温度低于800℃不同升温速率的升温过程中,合金Nd7.5Dy1.5Fe70Co16B5中先后出现三个晶化相：软磁相α-Fe相、亚稳相Nd2Fe23B3和硬磁相Nd2Fe14B。三个晶化相的晶化激活能随晶化份数的增加而降低。α－F的表面激活能为98.09kJ/mol,Nd2Fe23B3和Nd2Fe14B的分别为131．79kJ/mol和129．20kJ/mol.Nd2Fe14B和α－Fe相的晶化行为表明Nd7 .5Dy1.5Fe70Co16B5合金退火时容易形成晶粒粗大的Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe微结构的原因,是Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe相都容易长大造成的。     

Fe79Zr9B12和Fe76Zr9B15合金的晶化行为和磁性能

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe79Zr9B12和Fe76Zr9B15非晶合金薄带,并对两合金进行不同温度下热处理。利用差热分析仪(DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究Fe79Zr9B12合金和Fe76Zr9B15合金的晶化行为和磁性能。结果表明,Fe79Zr9B12合金和Fe76Zr9B15合金的晶化激活能分别为404.42 kJ/mol和370.75 kJ/mol。晶化初期,有α-Mn型相和α-Fe相从Fe79Zr9B12非晶合金基体中析出,Fe23B6型相和α-Fe相从Fe76Zr9B15非晶合金基体中析出。α-Mn型相和Fe23B6型相均为亚稳相,进一步高温热处理后,α-Mn型相转变为α-Fe相,Fe23B6型相转变为α-Fe相、Fe2B相和Fe3B相。Fe79Zr9B12合金的矫顽力(Hc)在600℃退火后突然增大,继续高温退火,Hc下降;Fe76Zr9B15合金的Hc随着退火温度的升高持续增大。两种合金矫顽力随退火温度的变化与退火后合金的微观结构密切相关。     

粉末热挤压制备纳米晶复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体

将球磨后获得的Nd2Fe14B非晶相和α-Fe纳米晶直接进行冷压制坯、真空包套、粉末热挤压来制备近致密的纳米晶复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体.借助于X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等分析方法研究了挤压温度为950℃时,不同加热时间磁体相对密度、微观组织和磁性能的影响规律.结果表明,随加热时间的延长,Nd2Fe14B及α-Fe的晶粒尺寸逐渐长大.当挤压温度为950℃,加热时间为15 min时,Nd2Fe14B及α-Fe的晶粒尺寸比较细小,分别为60和80 nm,此时磁性能最好,达到Br=0.98T,Hci=305.6 kA/m和(BH)m=89.8kJ/m3.     

简讯

短时热处理对Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合磁体结构和磁性影响罗马尼亚Babes-Bolyai大学物理系V.Pop等人采用高能球磨法制得Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合磁体,并选用700℃、750℃、800℃短时间退火,同传统的550℃×1.5h退火对比。结果发现,短时间退火更有利于硬磁相再结晶,抑制软磁相成长,从而提高磁性能。及种短时退火均得到矫顽力,即提高了     

合金元素对(NdPr)_6Fe_(79)B_(15)非晶厚带的晶化行为及磁性能影响

利用熔体快淬法制备了(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15和(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3Cu0.5Zr1B15非晶带。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和差热分析(DSC),并借助Kempen模型和Kissinger方程,研究了合金的非晶晶化过程及非等温晶化动力学。结果表明,与(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15合金相比,(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3Cu0.5Zr1B15合金的非晶形成能力明显提高,在9 m/s的辊速下获得了厚度为100μm以上的非晶厚带。2种合金的非晶厚带具有不同的晶化过程及晶化动力学机制。(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15合金的晶化分4步完成:非晶相(A)→Nd2Fe23B3+A’→α-Fe+Fe3B+Nd2Fe23B3’→α-Fe+Fe3B+Nd2Fe14B→α-Fe+Fe3B+Nd2Fe14B+Nd1Fe4B4;而(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3-Cu0.5Zr1B15合金的晶化分两步完成:非晶相(A)→Fe3B+A’→α-Fe+Fe3B+Nd2Fe14B。与(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15合金由界面控制的多晶型晶化不同,(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3Cu0.5Zr1B15合金第1步为界面控制的多晶型晶化,第2步则以扩散控制的共晶型晶化为主。由于退火后组织结构的细化和改善,(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3Cu0.5Zr1B15合金带的磁性能明显优于(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15合金带。     

均匀化退火对Nd-Fe-Co-Ga-Zr-B合金铸锭组织及HDDR粘结磁体磁性能的影响

利用XRD,SEM,EDX等手段分析了均匀化退火对Nd12.2Fe63.8Co17.4Ga0.5Zr0.1B6合金铸锭的相组成和微观结构的影响,分析了均匀化退火温度和保温时间对氢化-歧化-脱氢-再化合(HDDR)粘结磁体磁性能的影响规律.结果表明,均匀化退火消除了Nd12.2Fe63.8Co17.4Ga0.5Zr0.1B6合金铸锭中的偏析相和α-Fe枝晶;对该合金进行(1100～1150) ℃×10 h、随炉冷却的均匀化退火处理时,随着退火温度的升高,合金中的α-Fe不断减少,在1150 ℃下对该合金进行长时间(20 h)的均匀化退火处理后,其α-Fe的含量逐渐增多;经过1150 ℃×10 h、随炉冷却的均匀化退火热处理后,Nd12.2Fe63.8Co17.4Ga0.5Zr0.1B6合金铸锭中的α-Fe显著减少,HDDR磁粉的晶粒尺寸均匀且形状规则,其粘结磁体获得了最佳磁性能:Br=0.6309 T, Hcj=676.2 kA/m,(BH)max=55.6 kJ/m3.     

两种方法制备纳米晶复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体实验研究

将机械球磨后制备的Nd2Fe14B非晶粉末和α-Fe纳米晶粉末分别采用2种方法制备纳米复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体。第1种方法是直接将其冷压制坯、真空包套和热挤压制备永磁体。第2种方法是先将Nd2Fe14B晶化,然后冷压制坯、真空包套和热挤压制备永磁体。利用TEM、VSM等分析手段对比研究了2种方法制备永磁体的相对密度、微观组织以及磁性能。结果表明:在相同的工艺参数下,第1种方法制备永磁体不仅可以减少工序,而且其制备的永磁体综合性能均优于第2种方法,其制备永磁体的相对密度为98.24%;Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe的晶粒尺寸分别为60和80nm;磁性能达到:Br=0.98T,Hci=305.6kA/m,和(BH)m=89.8kJ/m3。     

RE(Nd,Tb)FeCoB合金体系的微波吸收特性研究（英文）

采用熔炼、高能球磨、微氧化热处理工艺,制备RE(Nd,Tb)FeCoB粉体,借助X射线衍射仪和网络矢量分析仪等,研究不同B含量的NdFeCo粉体组织结构和微波吸收特性,以及用重稀土Tb取代NdFeCoB合金中的Nd后粉体的组织结构和微波吸收特性。结果发现:在Nd10.53Fe77.84Co11.63合金中加入B元素后会析出Nd2Fe14B相,而且,粉体中α-Fe相的相对含量随着B元素含量的增加而增加;用重稀土Tb取代NdFeCoB合金中的Nd后粉体主要由α-Fe、Tb2Fe14B、Tb2Fe17以及少量的Tb2O3相组成;(Nd10.53Fe77.84Co11.63)97B3粉体具有最低的吸收峰频率,其反射率最小值和吸收峰频率分别为–9.5 dB和4.5 GHz;用重稀土Tb取代(Nd10.53Fe77.84Co11.63)97B3合金中的Nd后,粉体的吸收峰频率升高到6.3 GHz,但反射率最小值降低到–11 dB。     

Microwave Properties of RE(Nd, Tb)FeCoB Alloy System

采用熔炼、高能球磨、微氧化热处理工艺,制备RE(Nd,Tb)FeCoB粉体,借助X射线衍射仪和网络矢量分析仪等,研究不同B含量的NdFeCo粉体组织结构和微波吸收特性,以及用重稀土Tb取代NdFeCoB合金中的Nd后粉体的组织结构和微波吸收特性。结果发现:在Nd10.53Fe77.84Co11.63合金中加入B元素后会析出Nd2Fe14B相,而且,粉体中α-Fe相的相对含量随着B元素含量的增加而增加;用重稀土Tb取代NdFeCoB合金中的Nd后粉体主要由α-Fe、Tb2Fe14B、Tb2Fe17以及少量的Tb2O3相组成;(Nd10.53Fe77.84Co11.63)97B3粉体具有最低的吸收峰频率,其反射率最小值和吸收峰频率分别为–9.5 dB和4.5 GHz;用重稀土Tb取代(Nd10.53Fe77.84Co11.63)97B3合金中的Nd后,粉体的吸收峰频率升高到6.3 GHz,但反射率最小值降低到–11 dB。     

短时热处理对Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合磁体结构和磁性影响

罗马尼亚Babes-Bolyai大学物理系V.Pop等人采用高能球磨法制得Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合磁体,并选用700℃、750℃、800℃短时间退火,同传统的550℃×1.5h退火对比。结果发现,短时间退火更有利于硬磁相再结晶,抑制软磁相成长,     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。     

固相-水热法制备LiFePO4-Li3V2（PO4）3复合材料及其电化学性能（英文）

分别采用固相-水热法和球磨法制备磷酸亚铁锂-磷酸钒锂复合正极材料(LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3)。电化学性能测试表明,LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合正极材料的电化学性能远远高于 LiFePO4和 Li3V2(PO4)3单独作为正极材料的性能,并且以固相-水热法制备的复合材料性能优于以球磨法制得的复合材料。研究发现 LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合材料有 4 个氧化还原峰,相当于 LiFePO4 和 Li3V2(PO4)3 氧化还原峰的叠加。采用固相-水热法制备的LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3 复合材料形貌较为规则,且有新相物质产生,这是导致其电化学性能较好的原因。     

二维ZnO/ Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性

表面建造是提高半导体光催化活性的一种有效方法。本文利用Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5的区域表面又生长出BiVO4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400~600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光（波长大于420 nm）进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.